Lophocolea semiteres
| Lophocolea semiteres | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Marchantiophyta |
| Class: | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order: | Lepidoziales |
| Family: | Lophocoleaceae |
| Genus: | Lophocolea |
| Species: | L. semiteres
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt.
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Lophocolea semiteres, sometimes known as the southern crestwort,[1] is a species of liverwort native to Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, South America, and a number of sub-Antarctic Islands.[2]
Description
Lophocolea semiteres, being a bryophyte, is a small, non-vascular plant that has a prostrate growth habit, creeping across its substrate. The plants are yellowish in colour and have rounded lateral leaves with mostly entire margins, but these become progressively emarginate to distinctly bi-lobed nearing terminal archegonia, which are surrounded by a leafy perianth.[2][3] Male plants are more common and highly distinctive.[1] Antheridia are borne intercalary on shoots, protected by modified saccate leaves.[2]
Range
The native range of Lophocolea semiteres is pan-south-temperate. In New Zealand, it is found on the main North, South, and Stewart Islands, as well as the offshore Campbell, Chatham, and Kermadec Islands.[2] It grows in all states and territories of Australia, other than the Northern Territory and Queensland.[4] The type locality of the species is Teufelsberg, in southern Africa.[5] L. semiteres also occurs in southern South America and southern temperate oceanic islands.[2] It has been introduced to Europe and the British Isles and is there considered an invasive species.[1][6]
Habitat & Ecology
As Lophocolea semiteres is a xeric-tolerant species of liverwort, it is one of the most widespread and common members of the Lophocoleaceae, if not the Jungermaniineae, particularly in Australia.[2][7] It may be found growing on soil, mortar, in lawns and gardens, but also in moist indigenous forests.[2][4] In its introduced range it grows generally on earthy or sandy banks.[1]
Etymology
The specific epithet refers to a shape - 'semiterete', meaning half-cylindrical.[8] This may refer to the shape of plant shoots, but was not recorded in the species protologue.[5]
Taxonomy
Lophocolea semiteres was first described from South Africa (now Namibia) in 1829 as Jungermannia semiteres.[5] While included in Chiloscyphus as C. semiteres by some authors,[9][10][11] others prefer to segregate the genera.[12][13] L. semiteres contains the following varieties:[2]
- Lophocholea semiteres var. semiteres
- Lophocolea semiteres var. retusa
References
- ^ a b c d Atherton, Ian; Bosanquet, Sam; Lawley, Mark (2010). Mosses and liverworts of Britain and Ireland: a field guide (First ed.). London: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-1-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Engel, John J.; Glenny, David (2019). A Flora of the Liverworts and Hornworts of New Zealand. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-1-935641-16-2.
- ^ Mitten, William (1877). "List of Hepaticae collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton at the Cape of Good Hope (August and September 1874)". Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 16 (89): 188.
- ^ a b Meagher, David; Fuhrer, Bruce Alexander (2003). A field guide to the mosses & allied plants of Southern Australia. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. ISBN 978-0-642-56828-1.
- ^ a b c Lehmann, J G C (1829). "Hepaticarum capensium A. C. F. Ecklon collectarum brevem recensionem". Linnaea. 4: 357–371.
- ^ Stieperaere, H.; Heylen, O.; Podoor, N. (1997-01-01). "Differences in species composition of the bryophyte layer of some Belgian and Dutch pinewoods with and without the invading hepatic Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt". Journal of Bryology. 19 (3): 425–434. Bibcode:1997JBryo..19..425S. doi:10.1179/jbr.1997.19.3.425. ISSN 0373-6687.
- ^ Scott, George A. M. (1986). Southern Australian Liverworts. Australian Flora and Fauna Series. Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service. ISBN 978-0-644-03632-0.
- ^ "semiterete". Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 10 December 2024.
- ^ Gottsche, Karl Moritz, Lindenberg, Johann Bernhard Wilhelm, Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1844). Synopsis hepaticarum : coniunctis studiis scripserunt et edi curaverunt. Meissnerianis.
- ^ Engel, John J; Schuster, RM (1984). "An overview and evaluation of the genera of Geocalycaceae subfamily Lophocoleoideae (Hepaticae)". Nova Hedwigia. 39 (3–4): 385–463. ISSN 0029-5035.
- ^ He-Nygrén, Xiaolan; Piippo, Sinikka (2003). "Phylogenetic relationships of the generic complex Chiloscyphus—Lophocolea—Heteroscyphus (Geocalycaceae, Hepaticae): Insights from three chloroplast genes and morphology". Annales Botanici Fennici. 40 (5): 317–329. eISSN 1797-2442. JSTOR 23726689.
- ^ Söderström, Lars; Crandall-Stotler, Barbara; Stotler, Raymond E.; Váňa, Jiří; Hagborg, Anders; Von Konrat, Matt (2013-05-01). "Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 36. Generic treatment of Lophocoleaceae (Marchantiophyta)". Phytotaxa. 97 (2): 36. Bibcode:2013Phytx..97...36S. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.97.2.3. ISSN 1179-3163. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
- ^ Lee, Gaik Ee; Gradstein, S. R. (2021). Guide to the genera of liverworts and hornworts of Malaysia. Miyazaki, Japan: Hattori Botanical Laboratory. ISBN 978-4-910603-00-1.