Liu Zhong
| Liu Xi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 劉喜 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘喜 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Liu Zhong (courtesy name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 劉仲 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘仲 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Qingwang (posthumous name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 頃王 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 顷王 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Brief King | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Liu Xi (died 193 BC),[1] better known by his courtesy name Liu Zhong,[2][3] posthumously known as Prince Qing of Dai (代顷王),[4] was an elder brother of Emperor Gaozu, founder of China's Han dynasty. He served as marquess of Hexin, king or prince of Dai, and marquess of Heyang.
Life
Liu Xi was the son of the man known to history as Liu Taigong. His elder brother, Liu Bo, (t 劉伯, s 刘伯, Liú Bó) died young, leaving Liu Xi the eldest male in the family of Liu Bang,[3] who became the first Han emperor of China and was posthumously known as Emperor Gao(zu) ("High (Ancestor)").
After Liu Bang's establishment of the Han, Liu Xi was created Marquess of Hexin.
In 201 BC, King Xin of Han—who had been removed by the emperor from his native land to rule over the northern border from Mayi—defected to the Xiongnu.[3] Liu Xi was named King or Prince of Dai in his place.[3] This territory spread over the three northern commanderies of Dai, Yanmen, and Yunzhong and formed the front line between the Han state and the nomads of the Eurasian steppe. Liu Xi fled to Luoyang[3] by himself[5] before a Xiongnu attack in the 12th month of the 7th year of Liu Bang's reign[5] (c.January 200 BC).[6][7]
Following this display of cowardice, Liu Xi was replaced in Dai and demoted to Marquess of Heyang (t 合陽, s 合阳, Héyáng),[5][8] a county southeast of present-day Heyang County.[5]
On 30 November 196 BC,[9] Liu Xi's son Liu Pi was made Prince or King of Wu. Liu Xi had another son, Liu Guang (刘广), who was made Marquis of De (德侯) on 8 Jan 195 BC.[10] Liu Guang died in c.August 188 BC; he had been marquis for seven years and eight months. He was given the posthumous name "Ai" (哀).[11]
Liu Xi died in the summer of 193 BC and was subsequently honored with the posthumous name of "Qing" ("Momentary"). As his son was a prince, he was posthumously restored to his former rank of Prince (or King). [12][13][14]
References
Citations
- ^ Emperor Hui's biography in Han Shu and vol.12 of Zizhi Tongjian both recorded that Liu Xi died in the summer (4th to 6th months) of the 2nd year of Emperor Hui's reign; the months correspond to 16 May to 11 August 193 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
- ^ Johnston (2017), p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 72.
- ^ Shiji, s:zh:史記/高祖功臣侯者年表 Vol.18.
- ^ a b c d Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 75.
- ^ Olberding (2013), p. 87.
- ^ The month corresponds to 5 Jan to 3 Feb 200 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
- ^ Sima Guang. "漢紀" [Han Annals]. Zizhi Tongjian (in Chinese). Vol. 11. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ xinchou day of the 10th month of the 12th year of Liu Bang's reign (including his tenure as King of Han), per vol.12 of Zizhi Tongjian. In the modified Zhuanxu calendar used during the era, the 12th year of Liu Bang's reign starts from 12 Nov 196 BCE and ends on 01 Nov 195 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.
- ^ gengchen day of the 11th month of the 12th year of Liu Bang's reign (including his tenure as King of Han), per vol.18 of Shiji and vol. 15 of Han Shu.
- ^ Han Shu, vol.15
- ^ Book of Han, s:zh:漢書/卷014 Vol. 14: "Table of Nobles Related to the Imperial Clan".
- ^ Book of Han, s:zh:漢書/卷015 Vol.15.
- ^ Nienhauser et al. (2002), p. 151.
Sources
- Ban, Gu; et al., Book of Han. (in Chinese)
- Gu Yanwu (2017), Johnston, Ian (ed.), Record of Daily Knowledge and Collected Poems and Essays, Translations from the Asian Classics, New York, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231542678.
- Olberding, Garret (2013), "The Debate between Wang Hui and Han Anguo: A Case Study of Early Han Military Addresses", in Lorge, Peter Allen (ed.), Debating War in Chinese History, History of Warfare, vol. 83, Leiden: Brill, pp. 79–107, ISBN 978-9004244795.
- Sima Qian; et al. (2002), Nienhauser, William H. Jr.; et al. (eds.), The Grand Scribe's Records, Vol. II: The Basic Annals of Han China, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253340217.