List of wars involving Hungary

• Battle of Pliska

• The Hungarians were in alliance with Krum of Bulgaria against Emperor Nikephoros.^[1]

• Foundation of Grand Principality of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin.

Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896

Bulgarian victory

• Bulgaria's status as most favoured nation restored
• Eastern Roman Empire pays annual tax tribute to Bulgaria
• Bulgaria's status as most dominant Eastern European nation retained
• Bulgarian territorial gains in Thrace
  Magyars forced to migrate westwards and settle in Pannonia

• Battle of Brenta (899)
  Battle of Pressburg / Pozsony (907)
• Battle of Eisenach (908)
  Battle of Lechfeld / Augsburg (910)
• Battle of Rednitz (910)
• Battle of Püchen (919)
• Battle of Drava River (925?)
• Battle of Merseburg / Riade (933)
• Battle of W.l.n.d.r (934)
  Battle of Fraxinet (942)
• Battle of Lechfeld / Augsburg (955)
• Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)

• Between 899 and 970, according to contemporary sources, the researchers count 47 (38 to West and 9 to East)^[2] raids in different parts of Europe. From these campaigns only 8 were unsuccessful and the others ended with success.^[3]
• Many tributes were paid to the Hungarians.
• Many times the rulers of Europe hired the Hungarian warriors against each other.
• The most significant result of the Battle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured their lands in 907, prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungarian land until 1030.
• The Hungarians also used a preemptive war against the Germans and the German unification.
• A Hungarian army was defeated in German land at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. Seven years later Otto I was rewarded for stopping the Hungarians and he was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII in 962 and the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) was established.^[2]
• The Hungarian military presence stabilized the Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin.

• Battle of Achelous

• Hungarian troops are helping Simeon I of Bulgaria to defeat the Byzantines in the great Battle of Acheloos.^[4][5]

• Hungarian leader named Kisa was defeated by Časlav, the Prince of Serbia.

• A Hungarian army defeated Čаслав, the Prince of Serbia by avenge of the widow of Kisa.

• The Hungarians supported Henry II, Duke of Bavaria against Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, thus the Hungarians raided several times the territories of Piligrim, Bishop of Passau from the fortress of Melk.^[6]
• Leopold I, Margrave of Austria launched a counter-attack and besieged and occupied Melk, which forced Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories west of the Vienna Woods and Khalenberg.^[6]
• Later, Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary renounced the lands west of the river Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 with Henry IV of Bavaria. The river Leitha became the historic border between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire.

• "Gyula" meant the second highest title in Hungarian tribal confederation. Gyula's ancestor was among the seven chieftains of the conquering Hungarians, who finally settled in Transylvania. Gyula's family ruled Transylvania in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia). Gyula II was baptised in Constantinople around 952.
• After the coronation King Stephen I asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords.
• King Stephen I personally led his army against his maternal uncle, and Gyula III surrendered without a fight, Gyula III and his family was captured.
• Transylvania was incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary.
• The establishment of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Transylvania in 1009.

1029 (?)

• Battle of the River Bug

• Military campaign of Emperor Conrad II's against Hungary
• The Holy Roman Empire fails to subjugate Hungary
• The Hungarians occupied Vienna.^[7]
• Hungary is granted the lands between the rivers Leitha and Fischa

• Battle of Ménfő

• During this rebellion, Vata gained power over a group of rebels who wished to abolish Christian rule and revert to paganism.
• Bishop Gerard of Csanád invited Vazul's exiled sons to the country.
• Prince Andrew and Levente returned to Hungary from their exile and quickly gained popular support for the throne, especially among the pagan populace, despite the fact that Andrew was Christian (Levente had remained pagan). On their return, a rebellion began, which Andrew and Levente initially supported. The princes accepted the claims of the rebels in exchange for fighting against King Peter.
• King Peter decided to flee from Hungary and take refuge in Austria. Andrew's envoys tricked the king before he reached the frontier. King Peter fled to a fortified manor at Zámoly, but his opponents captured him. King Peter was blinded, which caused his death.
• The pagans slaughtered priests and Bishop Gerard of Csanád.
• Prince Andrew pronounced himself king.
• King Andrew soon broke with his pagan supporters, restored Christianity and declared pagan rites illegal.

• 1051

• Battle of Vértes

• German Emperor Henry III undertook a fifth campaign against the Kingdom of Hungary, and besieged Pozsony without success, as the Hungarians sank his supply ships on the Danube river.

• Battle of Moson

• King Solomon of Hungary and Prince Géza of Hungary helped his brother-in-law Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia to recapture Dalmatia from the Carinthians.

• Battle of Kerlés / Cserhalom

• Siege of Belgrade

• Pecheneg troops pillaged Syrmia in 1071. The king and the duke suspected that the soldiers of the Byzantine garrison at Belgrade incited the marauders against Hungary, so they decided to attack the fortress.
• The Hungarian army crossed the river Sava, although the Byzantines used Greek fire against their boats. The Hungarians defeated the Pechenegs who helped the Byzantines to relieve the siege. Finally the Hungarians took Belgrade after a siege of three months.
• King Solomon and Prince Géza marched along the valley of the river Great Morava as far as Niš. The Hungarians seized the Byzantine city without any resistance.^[10]

• Battle of Kemej
• Battle of Mogyoród

• King Saint Ladislaus planned to make peace and an agreement with Solomon, the former king of Hungary, but Solomon soon began conspiring against Ladislaus, and Ladislaus imprisoned him.
• The first five Hungarian saints, including the first king of Hungary, Stephen I, and Stephen's son, Emeric, were canonized during Ladislaus's reign. Ladislaus released Solomon at the time of the ceremony. After his release, Solomon made a final effort to regain his crown. He persuaded a Cuman chieftain, Kutesk, to invade Hungary. Solomon promised Kutesk that he would give him the right of possession over the province of Transylvania and would take his daughter as wife. King Ladislaus defeated the invaders.
• At the head of a large contingent, Solomon joined a huge army of Cumans and Pechenegs who invaded the Byzantine Empire in 1087. The Byzantines routed the invaders, Solomon seems to have died fighting on the battlefield.

• King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia was a member of the House of Trpimirović, he married Helen of Hungary from the Árpád dynasty in 1063. Helen was a Hungarian princess, daughter of King Béla I of Hungary, and sister to King Ladislaus I of Hungary. There was no living male member of the House of Trpimirović in 1091, civil war broke out in Croatia.
• The widow of King Zvonimir, Helen tried to keep her power in Croatia during the succession crisis. Several Dalmatian cities and Croatian nobles around Helen asked King Ladislaus I to help Helen and offered him the Croatian throne, which was seen as rightfully his by inheritance rights.
• In 1091 Ladislaus I crossed the Drava river and conquered the entire province of Slavonia without encountering opposition, Ladislaus I had success in his campaign, yet he wasn't able to establish his control over entire Croatia.
• Ladislaus I appointed his nephew Prince Álmos to administer the controlled area of Croatia, established the Diocese of Zagreb as a symbol of his new authority and went back to Hungary.
• Petar Snačić rose up against the Hungarian rule between 1093 and 1097.

• The Cumans invaded and plundered Hungary led by chieftain Kapolcs, first breaking through Transylvania, then the territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers. They tried to leave Hungary with their booty and prisoners, but King Ladislaus I defeated them near the Temes river.^[12]
• King Ladislaus I offered Christianity to the Cuman survivors; most accepted and were settled in Jászság, in the Kingdom of Hungary.^[12]

• King Ladislaus I blamed the Ruthenians for the Cuman invasion and invaded neighboring Rus' principalities, forcing them to pledge loyalty and obedience.^[13]

• Władysław I Herman, Duke of Poland, was a cousin of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. King Ladislaus I intervened in a conflict between Herman and his illegitimate son, Zbigniew, capturing Herman's younger son Boleslaus and Kraków. At Ladislaus' demand, Zbigniew was recognized as legitimate.

• King Coloman seized Croatia; Doge Vitale I Michiel of Venice requested Hungarian support against the Normans. The Hungarian army, transported by Venetian ships, defeated the Normans, captured Brindisi and Monopoli, plundered the land, then withdrew after three months leaving cities to Venice.

• King Coloman's defensive operations against crusaders

• The first group of crusaders was led by Walter Sans Avoir with 150,000 troops. King Coloman received them in a friendly way and allowed them into the kingdom. They proceeded through Hungary without any major conflicts, the only incident occurred near the Hungarian–Byzantine border at Zimony.^[14]
• The next group was headed by Peter the Hermit with 40,000 troops. King Coloman permitted them to enter Hungary only after Peter pledged that he would prevent them from pillaging the countryside, but Peter could not keep his promise, the crusaders plundered and raped locals. They reached Zimony, where they learned of the story of the previous conflict. The crusaders besieged and took the town, where they massacred many thousand Hungarians. They only withdrew when Coloman's troops approached them.^[14]
• The third band of crusaders was led by Folkmar with 12,000 men reached Nyitra and when they saw the richness of the countryside they began plundering the region. These were soon routed by the local Hungarians.^[14]
• A fourth army that came to Moson was led by Gottschalk with 15,000 men. They camped near Pannonhalma, to seize food and wine, the crusaders made frequent pillaging raids against the nearby settlements. King Coloman attacked and massacred the majority of them. The crusader mob of Gottschalk fled with 3,000 men from Hungary.^[14]
• Following these incidents, King Coloman forbade the crusaders who arrived under the leadership of Count Emicho with 200,000 men to enter Hungary. The crusaders besieged Moson, their catapults destroyed the walls in two places, enabling them to storm into the fortress. King Coloman defended the fortress. After six weeks the morale of the crusader mob began to fail, which inspired the Hungarians, a panic broke out among the attackers that enabled the garrison to carry out a sortie and rout them, and most of the mob was slaughtered or drowned in the river.^[14]
• The first crusader army organized by the Holy See was led by Godfrey of Bouillon with 80,000 troops. King Coloman agreed to meet with Godfrey in Sopron. The king allowed the crusaders to march through his kingdom but stipulated that Godfrey's younger brother Baldwin and his family should stay with him as hostages. The crusaders passed through Hungary peacefully along the right bank of the Danube, King Coloman and his army followed them on the left bank. He only released his hostages after all the crusaders had crossed the river Sava. The uneventful march of the main crusader army across Hungary established Coloman's good reputation throughout Europe.^[14]

• During the Apulia campaign, an agreement with Doge of Venice left part of Dalmatia up to Zadar under Venice; King Coloman occupied the south.

• Battle of Gvozd Mountain

• Petar Snačić opposed Hungarian rule; Coloman defeated him at Gvozd Mountain (1097).
• Coloman crowned in Biograd na Moru (1102) as "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia", creating a personal union (1102–1918).

• Siege of Przemyśl; Cumans attacked, Hungarian army defeated.

• Hungarians aided Byzantines against Bohemond I; captured Brindisi and Monopoli, later ceded to Venice.

• Military balance maintained
• Hungarian auxiliaries commanded by Palatine Ampud & Leustach Rátót under Béla III

• Battle of Iconium

• Main Seljuk army routed.
• Sultanate of Rum's capital city sacked.
• Géza, Prince of Hungary, the younger brother of King Béla III joined by a contingent of 2,000 men to Frederick Barbarossa to participate in the Third Crusade.
• About 5,000 Imperials and Hungarians under Duke Frederick joined the Siege of Acre in October.

Byzantine Empire

• Hungarian invasion of the Grand Principality of Serbia prompted the intervention of Isaac II Angelos against the invaders
• Retreat of the Hungarian army
• Stefan Nemanja preserves his throne and state

• Duke Andrew II of Hungary invades Hum, then part of the Grand Principality of Serbia, occupies a part of it temporarily, but then loses it^[16]
• Hum remains a part of the Grand Principality of Serbia

• 1197 (Andrew's victory)
• 1199 (Emeric's victory)
• 1203 (Emeric's victory)

Bosnia

• Siege of Zara

• Venetians and Crusaders sacked the city

1233–1234

• Battle of Bethsaida

• Battle of Mohi
• Siege of Esztergom
• Battle of Grobnik Field

• Battle of the Leitha River
• Battle of Kressenbrunn
• Battle on the Marchfeld

Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Poland
Principality of Halych Duchy of Austria

• Hungary looses control of Styria
• Habsburgs gain possession of Austria

• Battle of Isaszeg

• Battle of Lake Hód

• Árpáds were winning militarily, but Andrew III's death in 1301 extinguished the Árpád dynasty and triggered the Árpád war of succession in Hungary (1301–1308)
• Paul I Šubić of Bribir became de facto independent ruler of Croatia

• Charles Robert of Anjou became Hungarian king

• Battle of Rozgony

• Centralization of the Hungarian Kingdom

• Restoration of the western borders, defeat of Austria, Kőszegi and Babonić families

• Battle of Posada

• The Wallachian army led by Basarab, formed of cavalry, peasants and foot archers, ambushed and defeated the 30,000-strong Hungarian army, in a mountainous region

• Siege of Zadar (1345–1346)

Kingdom of Croatia Dalmatian city-states

End of the Croatian–Venetian wars

• The Golden Horde was pushed back behind the Dniester River, the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea weakened
• The establishment of Moldavia in 1346 as a Hungarian vassal state.

Kingdom of Hungary

 Padua
Republic of Genoa
Duchy of Austria

Kingdom of Poland

• Battle of Nicopolis

• King Sigismund of Hungary had experience fighting with the Ottomans, but the French knights refused his battle plan. The French knights rushed to the Ottoman lines, while the other allies stayed with the Hungarian forces under King Sigismund, this caused confusion and divided the strength of the Crusader army.
• Ottomans defeat Crusades and no new Anti-Ottoman alliance is formed till the 1440s.
• Ottomans maintain pressure on Constantinople, tightened control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to central Europe.
• Collapse of Second Bulgarian Empire.

• Moldavia became a Hungarian vassal.
• King Sigismund of Hungary occupied Suceava the capital of Stephen I of Moldavia.

• Battle of Dobor

• King Sigismund achieved a decisive victory over Tvrtko II of Bosnia, 126 members of Bosnian nobility were massacred.
• King Sigismund founded the Order of the Dragon as a celebration of the reoccupation of Bosnia and Dalmatia when he married Barbara of Cilli.

• Battle of Motta (1412)

• Battle of Vítkov Hill
  Battle of Vyšehrad
• Battle of Kutná Hora
• Battle of Nebovidy
• Battle of Německý Brod
• Battle of Trnava
• Battle of Ilava

Moderate Hussites (since 1423)

• Compromise between moderate Hussites and the Catholic Church; both join forces to fight the radical Hussites
• The moderate Hussites are recognized by the Catholic Church and allowed to practice their own rite
• The radical Hussites are defeated, and their rites forbidden
• Sigismund of Luxembourg becomes King of Bohemia
• The Basel Compacts, signed by Emperor Sigismund and Catholic and Hussite representatives, effectively end the Hussite Wars

• Siege of Golubac

• Establishment of Unio Trium Nationum.

• Raid on Kruševac (1437)
• Transylvanian campaign (1438)
• Siege of Belgrade (1440)
• Battle of Smederevo (1441)
• Battle of Szentimre (1442)
• Battle of the Iron Gate (1442)
• Battle of the Ialomița (1442)

• Supporters of King Vladislaus I
• John Hunyadi
• Nicholas Újlaki

• Supporters of Elizabeth of Luxembourg and King Ladislaus V
• Ulrich Cillei

• John Hunyadi and Nicholas Újlaki annihilated the troops of Vladislaus opponents at Bátaszék at the beginning of 1441. Their victory effectively put an end to the civil war.
• The grateful king appointed Hunyadi and Újlaki joint Voivodes of Transylvania and Counts of the Székelys. Hunyadi was appointed as head of several southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, he assumed responsibility for the defense of the frontiers.

• Battle of Nish
• Battle of Aleksinac
• Battle of Zlatitsa
• Battle of Melstica
• Battle of Kunovica

• Peace of Szeged

• Vladislaus I of Hungary, the young king, ignoring Hunyadi's advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and take Murad II prisoner, and almost succeeded, but in front of Murad's tent Vladislaus's horse either fell, and the king was slain.
• Murad's casualties at Varna were so heavy, it was not until three days later that he realized he was victorious.
• The Ottoman victory in Varna, followed by the Ottoman victory in the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, deterred the European states from sending any substantial military assistance to the Byzantines during the Ottoman Siege of Constantinople in 1453.

• John Hunyadi deprived Vlad II Dracul from the Wallachian throne, because Vlad II Dracul captured Hunyadi after the Battle of Varna.
• Hunyadi placed Vladislav II on the throne of Wallachia.
• Hunyadi also drove a small Ottoman army out of Wallachia.

• Second Battle of Kosovo / Rigómező

1456

• Battle of Kruševac
• Siege of Belgrade / Nándorfehérvár

• Siege of Jajce

• Battle of Baia / Moldvabánya

• King Matthias I forced King Casimir IV to withdraw from Hungary

• Battle of Vaslui

• Siege of Vienna / Bécs

• At the end of the campaign, Hungary controlled all of Upper Austria as well, which remained under the control of King Matthias until his death, in 1490.

• Hungary defeats the highly outnumbered Ottoman army in Transylvania. Ottoman casualties were extremely high. The battle was the most significant victory for the Hungarians against the raiding Ottomans, and as a result, the Ottoman Turks did not attack southern Hungary and Transylvania for many years thereafter.

• Royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants' freedom. Gyorgy led a revolt but was eventually caught, tortured, and executed and became known as a martyr or a dangerous criminal.^[29]

• Battle of Mohács

• Decisive downward turning point in Hungarian history.
• Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent and powerful European nation.
• The territory of Hungary was split into two parts in 1529 and into three parts in 1541.
• Around two hundred years of constant warfare with and between two empires, Habsburg and Ottoman, turned Hungary into a perpetual battlefield. The countryside was regularly ravaged by armies moving back and forth devastating the population.

• Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528

• Treaty of Nagyvárad
• Hungary officially split into two parts
• Ottomans gain influence in Eastern Hungary

• Campaign of 1529

Kingdom of Hungary

• Truce of Constantinople (1533)

• Siege of Esztergom

• Buda, Pest, Esztergom and most of central Hungary under Ottoman control
• Szapolyai reduced to Eastern Hungary
• Vienna forced to pay tribute

• Siege of Eger

Habsburg monarchy

• Ottomans capture Temesvár, Szolnok, Veszprém, and Nógrád
• Ottoman attack on Eger repelled by Hungarian defenders

• John Sigismund Zápolya renounced his title of king of Hungary in favour of Maximilian II of Habsburg^[31]
• He was recognised as prince of Transylvania under the Habsburg kings of Hungary^[31]
• He agreed to marry Maximilian's sister Joanna.^[31]

• Siege of Szigetvár

• Ottomans capture Szigetvár
• Death of Suleiman the Magnificent
• Treaty of Adrianople

Székelys

• The rebellion of the city of Danzig was a revolt from December 1575 to December 1577 of the city against the outcome of the 1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election. The Polish throne was contested by Stephen Báthory and the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian II.

• Battle of Călugăreni
• Battle of Giurgiu / Gyurgyevó
• Siege of Eger

Principality of Transylvania

Wallachia

Moldavia

• Peace of Zsitvatorok

• Bloody Carnival

Principality of Transylvania

• Treaty of Vienna in 1606.
• All constitutional and religious rights and privileges were granted to the Hungarians in both the Principality of Transylvania and Royal Hungary.
• Stephen Bocskai was recognized as the Prince of Transylvania, and guaranteed the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future.
• Preservation of an independent Transylvania, a potential base for the unification of Hungary.

Ottoman Empire

Moldavia

Transylvanian Saxons

Kingdom of Hungary

Habsburg monarchy

• Kingdom of Hungary

Wallachia

Moldavia

• Gábor Báthory is replaced by Gábor Bethlen

• Transylvanian intervention of 1619–1621
• Transylvanian intervention of 1623–1624
• Transylvanian intervention of 1626
• Transylvanian intervention of 1644–1645

 Spain

 Bavaria

Catholic League

Principality of Transylvania

Bohemia

Swedish Empire

 France

Habsburg monarchy

• Kingdom of Hungary

• House of Rákóczi

• House of Bethlen

• Transylvanian military campaign against Poland

• Siege of Nagyvárad (1660)

• Ottomans capture Nagyvárad

• Battle of Vízvár (1663)
• Winter Campaign (1664)
• Siege of Léva (1664)
• Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Peace of Vasvár

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Siege of Buda

• Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire

• Margraviate of Brandenburg
• Electorate of Bavaria
• Duchy of Lorraine
• Electorate of Saxony

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Rebellion crushed

• Kuruc

• Austria
• Prussia
• Margraviate of Baden
• Serbs from the Military Frontier
• Transylvanian Saxons
• Kingdom of Croatia
• Royalists
• Danish Auxiliary Corps
  Mercenaries

• Crushing of rebellion

• Royal Hungarian regiments

• Kuruc renegades

Serb troops of Pera Segedinac

• Pera captured before he could join the uprising
• Peasant rebels crushed

• Treaty of Niš
• Treaty of Belgrade

• Kingdom of Hungary

 Great Britain

• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
• Maria Theresa retains the Austrian, Bohemian and Hungarian thrones
• Francis of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's husband, confirmed as Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Empire:

• Austria
  • Kingdom of Hungary
•  Saxony

 Russia (until 1762)
Spain (from 1762)
Sweden (1757–62)
Mughal Empire (from 1757)
Abenaki Confederacy

 Prussia
Portugal (from 1762)
Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy

• Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)
• Treaty of Hamburg (1762)
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Habsburg monarchy
• Prussia (until 1795)

 Great Britain
Army of Condé
Spain (until 1795)^[33]
Dutch Republic (until 1795)
Portugal
 Sardinia (until 1796)

• Peace of Basel
• Peace of Campo Formio

• Habsburg Monarchy
• Hungary

 Great Britain (until 1801)
 United Kingdom (from 1801)
 Russia (until 1799)
 Portugal
 Naples
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Order of Saint John (1798)
Ottoman Empire
French Royalists

• Treaty of Lunéville

•  Austria
• Hungary

Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sicily
Sweden

• Spain
• Electorate of Bavaria
• Napoleonic Italy
• Batavian Republic
• Württemberg
• Etruria

• Treaty of Pressburg
• Consolidation of the French Empire
• Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
• Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
• Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months later

•  Bavaria
• Saxony
• Württemberg
• Westphalia

• Treaty of Schönbrunn

• Baden
• Bavaria
• Berg
• Saxony
• Westphalia

• Beginning of the War of the Sixth Coalition

 United Kingdom
Sweden
Russia
Spain
Portugal
Sicily
 Sardinia

• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Fontainebleau
• Bourbon Restoration, exile of Napoleon Bonaparte
• Congress of Vienna

Nassau
Brunswick
Sweden
United Netherlands
Spain
Portugal
 Sardinia
Sicily
Tuscany
Switzerland
French Royalists

• Treaty of Paris

War of Independence of 1848–1849

• Serb uprising
• Slovak revolt
• Autumn Campaign
• Winter Campaign
• Spring Campaign
• Summer Campaign

• Revolution suppressed by Austrian, Russian, and allied forces
• Reincorporation of Hungary into the Austrian Empire

• Sardinia annexed Lombardy from Austria
• Sardinia occupied and later annexed Habsburg-ruled Tuscany and Emilia
• France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia

• Prussia annexes parts of Bavaria, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, parts of Hesse-Darmstadt, Holstein, Schleswig, Nassau, and Frankfurt
• Italy annexes Venetia and part of Friuli
• Dissolution of the German Confederation
• Formation of the North German Confederation
• Exclusion of Austria from Germany
• Formation of Austria-Hungary

• Most rebel demands met

• Bosnia placed under Austro-Hungarian occupation as a condominium
• Pacification of local resistance

• Boxer Protocol signed

• Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and creation of the First Hungarian Republic
• Beginning of Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
• Treaty of Trianon
• Loss of two-thirds of pre-war Hungarian territory

• Hungarian advance into Czechoslovakia, then withdraw after negotiations
• Creation and dissolution of the Slovak Soviet Republic

• Collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
• Romanian occupation of Hungary proceeds

• Soviet rule restored in Prekmurje

• Referendum called
• Sopron and its area remained in Hungary

• Coup fails
• Habsburgs dethroned

• Occupation and annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine

• Annexation of a border strip between eastern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia

Government of National Salvation

 Romania (1944–1945)
Finland (1944–1945)
Bulgaria (1944–1945)

• Soviet occupation of Hungary
• Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
• First Vienna Award annulled (Czechoslovakia re-gained some of the territories lost to Hungary in 1938)
• Second Vienna Award annulled (Romania re-gained of Northern Transylvania, lost to Hungary in 1940)
• Hungarian withdrawal and loss of annexed territories to Yugoslavia
• Soviet annexation of Carpathian Ruthenia (fully became part of again Hungary in 1939)
• Sovietization of Hungary; installation of a communist puppet regime

• Revolution crushed by Soviet troops
• Re-imposition of Soviet-backed puppet regime until 1989
• Soviet military presence in Hungary until 1991

• Prague Spring crushed
• Moscow Protocol
• Soviet military presence in Czechoslovakia until 1991

Iraqi National Congress
New Iraqi government

• Iraqi Armed Forces
• Awakening Council

Iraqi Kurdistan

• Peshmerga

Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order

Sunni insurgents

• Islamic State of Iraq
• Islamic Army of Iraq
• Ansar al-Sunnah

Shia insurgents

• Mahdi Army
• Special Groups
• Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
• Others

For fighting between insurgent groups, see Civil war in Iraq (2006–07).

• Invasion and occupation of Iraq
• Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein
• Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and civil war
• Subsequent depletion of al-Qaeda in Iraq, improvements in public security, Iraqi insurgency persists
• Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia led government
• U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
• Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal and spillover with the Syrian Civil War
• Resurgence of Islamic State of Iraq, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq,

• ISAF
• RS

• Taliban
• Al-Qaeda

• United States invasion of Afghanistan (2001)
  • Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps (2001)
  • Fall of the Taliban government (2001) and Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
• Start of Taliban insurgency
  • Osama bin Laden killed by DEVGRU operators in Abbottabad, Pakistan in May 2011
  • "Afghanization" of Afghan conflict. Withdrawal of most US troops by 2014
  • End of Operation Enduring Freedom; start of 2015 phase of war, and Operation Freedom's Sentinel. End of US and ISAF led combat mission; beginning of NATO-led training and assistance mission.
  • Doha Agreement and progressive withdrawal of remaining US troops after 2020^[34]
• Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021
  • Taliban forces capture Kabul on 15 August 2021 and overthrow the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
  • Re-establishment of the Taliban-run Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Panjshir Province held out against the Taliban for 3 weeks after Kabul was conquered but ended up also being conquered by the Taliban