List of shorthand systems

This is a list of shorthands, both modern and ancient. Currently, only one shorthand (Duployan) has been given an ISO code, in preparation for inclusion in the Unicode Standard, although the Tironian et has already been included in Unicode.

Script name ISO 15924 Year created Creator Primary languages Notes
Abbreviated Longhand[1] 1908 Angus Weaver English Short forms based around longhand writing.
Abbreviatrix 1945 William Paul Mishkin
Abernethy shorthand[2] 1907 Larkin Samuel Abernethy English
Aimé Paris Shorthand[3] 1820 Aimé Paris French
Alpha Hand[4]
AgiliWriting[5]
Bezenšek Shorthand[6] 1923 Anton Bezenšek Bulgarian
Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand[7] 1903 Robert Boyd English
Brachygraphie (Folkingham)[8] 1622 William Folkingham English
Brachygraphy (Bales)[9] 1590 Peter Bales English
Brachygraphy (Dix)[10] 1641 Henry Dix English
Brachygraphy (Shelton)[11] 1672 Samuel Shelton English Based on Thomas Shelton's Tachygraphy from whom he first learned shorthand.
Burmese Shorthand 1952 Zwe Ohn Chein Burmese
Burnz' Fonic Shorthand 1896 Eliza Boardman Burnz English
Carissimi Shorthand[12] 1940 Juan Antonio Carissimi Spanish
Caton Scientific Shorthand[13][14] Thomas Jasper Caton
Century 21 Shorthand[15]
Characterie[16] 1588 Timothy Bright English
Conen de Prépean Shorthand[17] 1813 Louis Félix Conen de Prépean French
Coulon de Thévenot Shorthand[18] 1776 Jean Coulon de Thévenot French
Current Shorthand[19] 1892 Henry Sweet English
Cursive Shorthand[20] 1889 Hugh Longbourne Callendar English
Dacomb Shorthand[21] 1934 Beatrice Eliza Dacomb English
Dement's Aristography[22] 1896 Isaac Strange Dement
Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift[23] 1924 German Used in Germany.
Duployé Shorthand[24] Dupl 755 1868 Émile Duployé French, Romanian, English, Chinook Jargon
Dutton Speedwords[25] 1922 Reginald J. G. Dutton English, French, German, Latin Intended as an International auxiliary language
EasyScript Speed Writing[26]
Eclectic Shorthand[27] 1878 J.G. Cross English
Edmond Willis's Shorthand[28] 1627 Edmond Willis English
Faulmann Shorthand[29] 1875 Carl Faulmann German
Forkner shorthand[30] 1952 Hamden L. Forkner English
Gabelsberger shorthand[31] 1817 (approx.) Franz Xaver Gabelsberger German
Graham shorthand[32] Andrew J. Graham
Gregg Shorthand[33] 1888 John Robert Gregg English, Esperanto, French, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish
Gregg Computer Shorthand /
Productivity Plus[34]
Groote[35] 1899 Arnold Willem Groote Dutch Used in the Netherlands
Herout-Mikulík[36] Alois Herout and Svojmír Mikulík Czech Used in the Czech parliament.
Homographie[37] 1831 Sophie Scott German
Hy-Speed Longhand[38] 1932 Andrew Graham Sexton and R. B. Sexton English
Karundeng Shorthand[39] 1925 Eliezer Karundeng Indonesian
Larralde Shorthand[40] Gabriel Hilario Larralde Spanish Used in the Argentine congress.
Legible Shorthand[41] 1882 Edward Pocknell English
Leite Alves Shorthand[42] 1929 Oscar Leite Alves Portuguese
Lightning Legible Shorthand[43] 1906 David Rose Glass English
Malone Shorthand[44]
Maron Shorthand[42] 1932 Afonso Maron Portuguese
Melin Shorthand[45] 1880 Olof Werling Melin Swedish Dominant Shorthand system in Sweden.
Merrill Shorthand[46][47] 1942 Albert Merrill English Also called ABC shorthand.
Michela Shorthand[48] 1862 Antonio Michela Zucco Italian Used in the Italian Senate and the Regional Council of Piedmont.
Moat's Short-hand Standard[49] 1833 Thomas Moat English
Munson Shorthand[50] 1867 James Eugene Munson English
National Simplex Shorthand[51] 1919 Rev. Percival Hubert Chase English
Natural Shorthand[52] 1917 August Mengelkamp English
New Art of Real Shorthand[53] 1919 John Malham-Dembleby English
New Rapid[54] 1890 C.E. McKee
Notescript[55] 1964 Laurence F. Hawkins English
Paragon Shorthand[56] 1895 A. Lichtentag
Personal Shorthand[57] Carl W. Salser, C. Theo Yerian and Mark R. Salser English Originally called "Briefhand."
Pitman Shorthand[58] 1837 Isaac Pitman English
Polygraphy[59] 1747 Aulay Macaulay English
Prévost-Delaunay Shorthand[60] 1878 Hippolyte Prévost and Albert Delaunay French
Reformed Phonetic Short-Hand[61] 1868 Andrew J. Marsh English
Scheithauer Shorthand 1896 Karl Friedrich Scheithauer German Used in Germany.
Scheithauer/Steinmetz Shorthand[62] 2020 Markus Steinmetz German Used in Germany.
Short-Writing [63] 1690 Theophilus Metcalfe English
Simson Shorthand[64] 1881 James Simson English
Speedwriting[65] 1924 Emma Dearborn English
State Unified Stenography System (GESS)[66] 1937 Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov Russian Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet Union.
Stenographie[67] 1618 John Willis English
Stenography Compleated[68] 1727 James Weston English
Stenoscript 1950 Manuel C. Avancena English
Stiefografie[69] 1966 Helmut Stief German Used in Germany.
SuperWrite[70]
Swiftograph[71] 1893 Fant Abbott

English

Tachygraphy[72] 1626 Thomas Shelton English, French, German Originally called "Short-Writing."
Taylor shorthand[73] 1786 Samuel Taylor English Also known as Universal Stenography
Teeline Shorthand[74] 1968 James Hill English
Thomas Natural Shorthand[75] 1935 Charles A. Thomas English
Tironian notes[76] 63 BC Marcus Tullius Tiro Latin
Typed Shorthand[77] 1917 William Baines English Also known as Baines' Typed Shorthand.
Universal English Shorthand[78] about 1740 John Byrom English
Wang-Krogdahl's system[79] 1936 Leif Wang and Olav Krogdahl Norwegian Used in the Norwegian parliament.
Weston's Short-hand[80] 1727 James Weston English
Zeiglographia 1650 Thomas Shelton English
Phillips Code[81] 1879 Walter P. Phillips English Intended for English transmitted over Telegraph in Morse code.
Evans Basic English Code[82] 1947 John Evans English Based on the earlier Phillips Code but for more general use.

References

  1. ^ Weaver, Angus (1908). Abbreviated Shorthand. Internet Archive: Angus Weaver, Buffalo, New York.
  2. ^ Abernethy, Larkin Samuel (1907). The Abernethy shorthand. Shawnee, Okl.: J.E. Driggers.
  3. ^ Burckhardt, A. (1948), La Sténographie en une Heure par la Méthode Aimé-Paris modernisée (in French), Paris: Flammarion
  4. ^ Rosen, Steve; Palmer, Rose (1980), Alpha hand, Dictation Disc Co, OCLC 6862153
  5. ^ Gresham, Anne (2001), AgiliWriting : 21st century shorthand, AgiliTyping, ISBN 978-1-872968-02-5, OCLC 48487021
  6. ^ Bezenšek, Anton; Gabelsberger, Franz Xaver; International Association of Stenographers (1907), Stammbuch des Gabelsbergerschen Systems. Bezenšek, Übertragung auf die südslavischen Sprachen (in German), Wolfenbüttel, Heckner, OCLC 36477209
  7. ^ Boyd, Robert (1903), Boyd's syllabic shorthand : an instructor and dictionary : a system of shorthand in which characters represent syllables, W.T. Moon, OCLC 36932375
  8. ^ Folkingham, William (1622), Brachygraphie, Post-Writt. : Or, the Art of Short-writing Where most letters consist of single strokes or motions of the Pen, in best formes of Penship, London: Thomas Snodham
  9. ^ Bales, Peter (1590), The Writing Schoolemaster, London: Thomas Orwin
  10. ^ Dix, Henry (1641), The Art of Brachygraphy or Short-writing: by characters faire, short, swift, easie, and legible., London: Henry Dix
  11. ^ Henderson, Frances (2008). "'Swifte and Secrete Writing' in Seventeenth-Century England, and Samuel Shelton's Brachygraphy" (PDF). The British Library. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  12. ^ Carissimi, Juan Antonio (1940), Taquigrafía Carissimi, Biblioteca Nacional (Uruguay)
  13. ^ Caton, Thomas Jasper (1918), Caton scientific shorthand, Minneapolis, Minn., The Scientific Pub. Co., OCLC 11954097
  14. ^ "Thomas Jasper Caton Scientific Shorthand 1915 edition". babel.hathitrust.org. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
  15. ^ Christensen, Edward L (1974), Century 21 shorthand, Cincinnati, South-western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-18100-6, OCLC 858136
  16. ^ Bright, Timothy (1588), Characterie : an arte of shorte, swifte, and secrete writing by character, London: I. Windet
  17. ^ Havette, René (1906). Bibliographie de la sténographie française (in French). Paris: Dorbon Ainé. pp. 31–32.
  18. ^ Metilli, Danielle. "French Tachygraphic Notes in a 1504 copy of Homer's Odyssey" (PDF). metilli.com. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
  19. ^ Sweet, Henry (1892), A manual of current shorthand orthographic and phonetic by Henry Sweet, Clarendon, OCLC 250138117
  20. ^ Callendar, Hugh (1889), A manual of cursive shorthand, C. J. Clay and Sons, OCLC 647172293
  21. ^ Joy, J.; Dacomb, B. E.; Dacomb, C. T. (1962), Dacomb, the Australian shorthand, Dacomb College, OCLC 220975936
  22. ^ Dement, Isaac Strange (1906). Aristography (2nd ed.). Dement Publishing Company. A system of shorthand writing combining the principles of straight joinable and insertable vowel strokes and curved consanant strokes, both being subject to similar rules of hooks and length
  23. ^ Czerny, Karl (1925), Umlernbuch auf die deutsche Einheitskurzschrift : Für Gabelsbergersche Stenographen (in German), Eigenverl, OCLC 72106122
  24. ^ Perrault, Denis R; Duploye, Emile; Gueguen, Jean Pierre; Pilling, James Constantine, La sténographie Duployé adaptée aux langues des sauvages de la Baie d'Hudson, des Postes Moose Factory, de New Post, d'Albany, de Waswanipi & de Mékiskan, Amérique du Nord / [between 1889 and 1895] (in French), OCLC 35787900
  25. ^ Dutton Speedwords dictionary: English-Speedwords and Speedwords-English, Dutton Publications, 1943, OCLC 36561079
  26. ^ Levin, Linda (1985), Easy Script simplified, Write Protect Pub, OCLC 17474827
  27. ^ Cross, J G (1879), Cross's eclectic short-hand: a new system, adapted both to general use and to verbatim reporting, Chicago, S.C. Griggs and Co. [1878], OCLC 2510784
  28. ^ Willis, Edmond (1627), An Abbreviation of Writing by Character, London: George Puslowe
  29. ^ Johnen, Christian (1904), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 48, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 500–504
  30. ^ Forkner, Hamden Landon (1955), Forkner alphabet shorthand; the only system of shorthand that combinesthe best features of symbols systems with easily written longhand letters, New York, Forkner Pub. Co, OCLC 58756777
  31. ^ Geiger, Alfred (1860), Stenography, or, Universal European shorthand on Gabelsberger's principles : as already introduced in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia, Greece, Italy &c, Dresden, OCLC 41010411
  32. ^ Jackson, James O. (1974-01-21). "Presidential papers snarl began in 1797". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. Even so, scholars were troubled by some of the [President Woodrow] Wilson documents because of his habit of writing in Graham shorthand, an extinct system so little known as to be hieroglyphic today. Scholars examing Wilson papers in 1959 employed an 84-year-old man to decipher some of Wilson's notes. The old man was one of the few living persons who were familiar with the obsolete Graham system.
  33. ^ Gregg, John Robert; Power, Pearl A (1901), Gregg shorthand dictionary, Gregg Pub. Co, OCLC 23108068
  34. ^ Gregg computer shorthand for nonshorthand writers, New York: Gregg Division/McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1987, ISBN 978-0-07-022525-1, OCLC 17358410
  35. ^ Groote, A W (1899), Stenografie voor iedereen; een alfabetisch kortschrift (in Dutch), Amsterdam, S.L. van Looy, OCLC 38743867
  36. ^ Mistrík, Jozef (1961), Stenografia : systém Herout-Mikulík : učebnica pre ekonomické školy a pre kurzy. 2 (in Czech), Bratislava, OCLC 320136077
  37. ^ "'Homographie: von Lady Sophie Scott' - Digitalisat | MDZ". www.digitale-sammlungen.de. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  38. ^ Sexton, Andrew Graham (1932). Hy-Speed Longhand. Trenton, New Jersey: Hy-Speed Longhand Publishing Company.
  39. ^ Mahmud, Melizubaida (August 2017). Stenografi di Perguruan Tinggi (in Indonesian). Gorontalo: Ideas Publishing. ISBN 978-602-6635-30-3.
  40. ^ "16 de Diciembre de 1824: Primer versión taquigráfica en Argentina". chacoenlineainforma.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  41. ^ Pocknell, Edward (1882). "Pocknell's Legible Shorthand". Google Books. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
  42. ^ a b "Veja técnicas de taquigrafia para melhorar suas anotações". grupopreve.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-05-11.
  43. ^ Glass, David Rose] [from old catalog (1909). The lightning legible shorthand. The Library of Congress. San Bernardino, Cal., The Glass publishing company.
  44. ^ Script phonography, 4th edition, Script Phonography Co., Limited, 1888, OCLC 493051954
  45. ^ Kökeritz, Helge (1929), Stenografi; Melins system (in Swedish), Hermods korrespondensinstitut, OCLC 19770187
  46. ^ Principles of ABC shorthand, Landmark edition; series II, Bobbs-Merrill, 1975, ISBN 978-0-672-26132-9, OCLC 16458026
  47. ^ Merrill, Albert H (1929), Merrill's business shorthand copyrighted, Los Angeles, A.H. Merrill, OCLC 28009717
  48. ^ "Il Sistema Michela in Senato e a Torino". cr.piemonte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  49. ^ Moat, Thomas (1833), The Short-Hand Standard : attempted by an analysis of the Circle as an introductory foundation of a New System of Stenography, which demonstratively proves that a Speaker can be followed with one third less inflections of the Pen, and consequently in one third less time than by any other system extant., London: T. Tegg and Sons
  50. ^ Munson, James Eugene (1880), Munson's system of phonography. The phrase-book of practical phonography, containing a list of useful phrases, printed in phonographic outlines; a complete and thorough treatise on the art of phraseography ... etc, New York, J.E. Munson, OCLC 51625624
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  53. ^ Malham-Dembleby, John (1919), New art of real shorthand, Eccleshill, Bradford, Eng, OCLC 7807489
  54. ^ McKee, C E (1890), New rapid phonography : a complete connective-vowel system of short-hand, McKee Pub. House, OCLC 31366224
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  64. ^ Simson, James (1881), Compend of syllabic shorthand: being a synopsis of the system, Ayr, Shorthand Institute, OCLC 45009130
  65. ^ Dearborn, Emma B (1927), Speedwriting, the natural shorthand, Brief English systems, inc., OCLC 4791648
  66. ^ "СТЕНОГРАФИЯ И ЕЕ РЫЦАРЬ". Nauka i Zhizn (in Russian). Moscow. 2009. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  67. ^ Willis, John (1618), The Art of Stenographie : or, short writing, London: Robert Willis
  68. ^ Weston, James, Stenograpy Compleated, Or the Art of Short-hand Brought to Perfection, London 1727, 1st edition
  69. ^ Gunkel, Horst (1977), Stiefografie. Anleitung zum Selbststudium (in German), Verlag der Vereinigung Rationelle Stenografie Hanau, ISBN 3-921697-60-3
  70. ^ Lemaster, A James; Hankin, Ellen G (1990), SuperWrite : alphabetic writing system. Brief course, South-Western Pub. Co, ISBN 978-0-538-60527-4, OCLC 22975956
  71. ^ Abbott, Frederick Fant (n.d.). Swiftograph: A Simple Shorthand System for the Million!. Doncaster.
  72. ^ Shelton, Thomas (1710). "Tachygraphy". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  73. ^ Taylor, Samuel (1786), An essay intended to establish a standard for an universal system of stenography, London, Printed for the author, hdl:2027/mdp.39015077876194, OCLC 13966685
  74. ^ Hill, James (1968), Teeline: a method of fast writing, London, Heinemann Educational, OCLC 112342
  75. ^ Thomas, Charles A (1937), Thomas natural shorthand; a modern, progressive system of shorthand based on natural, already familiar writing lines, New York, Prentice-Hall, inc, OCLC 18220117
  76. ^ Mitzschke, Paul Gottfried; Lipsius, Justus; Heffley, Norman P (1882), Biography of the father of stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro. Together with the Latin letter, "De notis," concerning the origin of shorthand, Brooklyn, N.Y, OCLC 11943552
  77. ^ Baines, William (1917). Typed Shorthand. Cooperstown, New York: Arthur H. Christ Co.
  78. ^ "Ward's book of days: February 29th". wardsbookofdays.com. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
  79. ^ Wang, Leif; Flagstad, Michael; Krogdahl, Olav (1947), Stenografi, Norsk korrespondenceskole
  80. ^ Weston, James (1727), Stenography Compleated : or the art of Short-hand brought to perfection..., London: Printed by the author
  81. ^ Phillips, Walter (1879). The Phillips Telegraphic Code for the Rapid Transmission by Telegraph. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Brothers, Printers.
  82. ^ Evans, John (1947). The Evans Basic English Code (PDF). Chicago, IL: John & Clarence Evans.
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