List of fascist movements by country

See also: List of fascist movements, Definitions of fascism, and Fascism and ideology

This is a list of political parties, organizations, and movements that are widely regarded as fascist. Although many figureheads of such movements reject the label of fascism, scholars and observers often identify fascist characteristics based on ideology, behavior, and historical context.[1] Because fascism is an ideological framework rather than a formally declared affiliation, its classification can be contested—particularly when leaders do not explicitly identify their movements as fascist.[2]

To accommodate length and improve readability, the complete list of fascist parties, organizations, and movements—including those that have not held power or served as governing bodies—has been divided into four sections:

Fascist governing bodies

The following parties, organizations, movements, and figureheads are widely regarded as fascist and have held, or currently hold, power:

Country Administration Party, movement, and/or figurehead From To Ref.
 Italy * Free State of Fiume Italian Nationalist Association 1922 1923
Fascist Italy National Fascist Party 1922 1943 [3]
Italian Social Republic Republican Fascist Party 1943 1945
 Germany German Reich Nazi Party 1933 1945
 China * Empire of Manchuria Concordia Association 1932 1945
Reorganized National Government Kuomintang-Nanjing 1940 1945
 Romania * Kingdom of Romania National Christian Party 1937 1938
National Legionary State of Romania Iron Guard 1940 1941
Kingdom of Romania Ion Antonescu 1941 1944
 Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Radical Union 1935 1939
Government of National Salvation Yugoslav National Movement 1941 1944
Independent State of Croatia Ustaša 1941 1945
Governorate of Montenegro Montenegrin Federalist Party 1941 1943
German occupied Montenegro 1943 1944
Independent State of Macedonia Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 1944 1944
 Spain * Spanish State FET y de las JONS 1936 1975
 Portugal Second Republic of Portugal National Union 1933 1974
 Greece Kingdom of Greece 4th of August Regime 1936 1941
 San Marino Most Serene Republic of San Marino Sammarinese Fascist Party 1923 1943
 Austria Federal State of Austria Fatherland Front 1934 1938
 Slovakia Slovak Republic Slovak People's Party 1939 1945
 Albania Kingdom of Albania Albanian Fascist Party 1939 1943
German occupied Albania Balli Kombëtar 1943 1944
 France * Vichy France Philippe Pétain 1940 1944
 Norway National Government of Norway Nasjonal Samling 1942 1945
 Poland * General Government of Poland Nazi Party 1939 1945
Free City of Danzig Arthur Greiser and Albert Maria Forster 1934 1939
 Greece Hellenic State Georgios Tsolakoglou, Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, and Ioannis Rallis 1941 1944
 Monaco Monaco 1942 1943
 Czech Republic Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia National Partnership 1939 1945
 Hungary Government of National Unity of Hungary Arrow Cross Party 1944 1945
Myanmar State Administration Council Union Solidarity and Development Party 2021 2025 [4][5][6][7][8]
National Defence and Security Council 2025 present
 United States * United States of America Trumpist faction of the US Republican Party 2025 present [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

[16][17][18][19]


Alliances

See also

References

  1. ^ Bernstein, Sanders Isaac (Spring 2023). "On the Uses and Abuses of Fascism". American Literary History. 35 (1): 445–451. doi:10.1093/alh/ajac242. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  2. ^ Traverso, Enzo (2022). "The Return of Fascism?". Modern Intellectual History. 20 (1). Cambridge University Press: 1–24. doi:10.1017/S1479244322000129. Retrieved 23 September 2025.Steinback, Glenn-Iain (2013). "A Historiography of Fascism". History in the Making. 6. California State University, San Bernardino. Retrieved 23 September 2025.Dean-Ploof, Travis (April 2025). "Understanding the Conceptions of "Fascism" in Our Contemporary Political Climate". Inquiry Journal. University of New Hampshire. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  3. ^ Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Hagtvet, Bernt; Myklebust, Jan Petter, eds. (1980). Who were the Fascists : social roots of European Fascism. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget. pp. 119, 362. ISBN 8200053318.
  4. ^ Saha, Jonathan (March 1, 2021). "Like karaoke fascism all over again: The Military Coup in Myanmar and the Global Rise of the Far Right".
  5. ^ Win, Thet Swe. "The coup united the people of Myanmar against oppression". Al Jazeera.
  6. ^ "Written evidence submitted anonymously (MYA0018)". committees.parliament.uk.
  7. ^ Maung, Thet Htar (September 11, 2025). "Guest Column | In Myanmar, China Is Embracing a Fascist Regime".
  8. ^ "Myanmar junta chief vows to annihilate opposition forces". CNN. March 28, 2022.
  9. ^ Cox, Lloyd; O'Connor, Brendon (2025). "It is time to use the F word about Trump: Fascism, populism and the rebirth of history". Leadership. 20 (1). doi:10.1177/17427150231210732.
  10. ^ Gökarıksel, Banu; Smith, Sara (2016). "'Making America Great Again'?: The fascist body politics of Donald Trump". Political Geography. 54: 79–81. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.07.004.
  11. ^ Renton, D. K. (1 April 2025). "Trump, Fascism, and the Authoritarian Turn". Spectre Journal. doi:10.63478/XIWSTTUP. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  12. ^ Cox, Lloyd; O'Connor, Brendon (2025). "Trumpism, Fascism and Neoliberalism". Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory. (advance online publication). doi:10.1080/1600910X.2025.2481159.
  13. ^ Short Takes by UCLA Historians: Are we in a Fascist Age?. UCLA Luskin Center for History and Policy (Report). 20 January 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  14. ^ Beauchamp, Zack (16 October 2020). "What is fascism, and is Trump a fascist? 8 experts weigh in". Vox. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  15. ^ Milman, Oliver (4 November 2024). "Is Trump actually a fascist – and why does the answer matter?". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  16. ^ Stanley, Jason; Goodman, Amy (September 18, 2024). "Fascism Expert Jason Stanley on Project 2025, Great Replacement Theory, Attacks on Immigrants & Gaza". Democracy Now!. Retrieved September 19, 2025.
  17. ^ Stanley, Jason (September 4, 2020). "How Fascism Works: Trump's "Law & Order" Is Lawlessness, Fueling Racist Violence & Chaos". Democracy Now!. Retrieved September 19, 2025.
  18. ^ Stan, Adele M. (Spring 2025). "The "New" American Fascists". Democracy Journal (76). Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  19. ^ McNeill, J. R. (21 August 2020). "How fascist is President Trump? There's still a formula for that". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.