List of buildings of pre-Mongol Rus'

The architecture of Kievan Rus' is the earliest period of Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian architecture. It developed on the foundations of Byzantine culture with use of local innovations and architectural features, with Kiev and Novgorod as its principal centers. Although wooden architecture was widespread in the Kievan Rus', none of it has survived; all surviving buildings are constructed of stone or brick. Most of these buildings are churches, with only four secular buildings surviving from the period.

The vast majority of buildings was destroyed over the centuries, with most extensive losses occurring during the Mongol invasion of the 1230s. Those that survived were significantly modified over time and lost some essential features of the Kievan Rus' architecture. Several monuments were destroyed in the 20th century and later reconstructed incorporating remains of the original structure; such buildings are included in the list. Buildings that were destroyed but retain significant visible remains are presented in a separate section. In contrast, buildings that were destroyed and subsequently rebuilt without attempts at scientific reconstruction (e.g., the Dormition Church of Virgin Pirogoshcha and the Saint Michael Cathedral of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv) are excluded.

List

Surviving buildings of pre-Mongol Rus'
Name Photo Location[a] Land[b] Construction date Comments
Transfiguration Cathedral Chernihiv, Ukraine Chernigov Before 1036[1] One of the two oldest surviving buildings of the Kievan Rus'.[1] The exterior was considerably modified in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Cathedral of Saint Boris and Saint Gleb 1097–1123
Dormition Cathedral of Yeletskyi Monastery Early 12th century Exterior was considerably altered.
St. Elijah Church Early 12th century Exterior was considerably altered.
Piatnytska Church Early 13th century Considerably damaged during World War II, subsequently restored.
Saint Pantaleon Church Shevchenkove, Ukraine Galicia c. 1200 Rebuilt in 1611 with considerable modifications, restored in 1998. The only surviving building of the Galician school of architecture.
Saint Boris and Saint Gleb Kalozha Church Grodno, Belarus Grodno Before 1183 Partially survived, some walls were lost.
Saint George's Cathedral Kaniv, Ukraine Kiev 1144 Only the walls.
Saint Sophia Cathedral Kyiv, Ukraine 1017–1022 or before 1037[1] One of the two oldest surviving buildings of the Kievan Rus'.[1] The exterior was considerably modified in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Golden Gate 1037 By 1982, the gate was a ruin, and, with the exception of the lowest parts of the walls, it was reconstructed in 1982.
Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra 1073–1089 Destroyed in 1941, reconstructed in 2000. The exterior was considerably altered in the 18th century.
Trinity Church of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra c. 1106 The exterior was considerably altered in the 18th century.
Saint Michael Church of the Vydubychi Monastery 1070–1088 Only the western side.
Church of the Saviour at Berestove Early 11th century Only the western side.
St. Cyrils' Church of the St. Cyril's Monastery 1140–1146 Exterior was strongly altered.
Saint Basil Church Ovruch, Ukraine c. 1190 Collapsed in 1846, restored in 1907–09.
Katholikon of the Ivanovsky Monastery Pskov, Russia Novgorod 1140s or earlier
Katholikon of the Mirozhsky Monastery Before 1156 The exterior was altered, the frescoes are intact
Katholikon of the Dormition Monastery Staraya Ladoga, Russia 1160s
St. George's Church c. 1165
Katholikon of the Transfiguration Monastery Staraya Russa, Russia 1198 Completely rebuilt in the 1442, only the lowest parts of the walls survived. Rebuilt again in the 17th century.
Cathedral of Saint Sophia Veliky Novgorod, Russia 1045–1052 The oldest surviving building in Northern Russia.
Saint Nicholas Cathedral at Yaroslav's Court 1113–1136
Katholikon of the Antoniev Monastery 1117–1122 The upper parts were altered.
Katholikon of the Yuriev Monastery 1119–1130
Arkazhi Church 1179 Substantially rebuilt in the 17th century.
Sts. Peter and Paul Church 1192
Nereditsa Church 1198 Destroyed during the World War II, subsequently restored, but the original frescoes have been lost.
Church of St. Paraskevi of Iconium 1207 The vaults rebuilt at a later date.
Peryn Chapel 1220s
Saint Michael Church Oster, Ukraine Pereyaslavl c. 1098 Destroyed, only the apse survived.
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk Polotsk, Belarus Polotsk 1044–1066 Only fragments of the original cathedral survived.
Transfiguration Church of the Saint Euphrosyne Monastery 1128-1156
Annunciation Church Vitebsk, Belarus 12th century Destroyed in 1961, rebuilt in 1993–1998 incorporating the remains of the walls.
Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul on Gorodyanka Smolensk, Russia Smolensk 1146 Restored in 1963
Church of Saint John the Evangelist 1146 Only walls survived, everything else was rebuilt in the 18th century.
Saint Michael Church 1180–1197 The roof was altered.
Andrey Bogolyubsky Palace Bogolyubovo, Russia Vladimir-Suzdal 1158 Only fragments, including a tower, survived.
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl 1165-1166
Church of Boris and Gleb Kideksha, Russia 1152 The top part was rebuilt in the 17th century.
Transfiguration Cathedral Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia 1152–1157
Nativity Cathedral Suzdal, Russia 1222–1225 The exterior and the roof have been rebuilt.
Dormition Cathedral Vladimir, Russia 1158–1160 Expanded in 1185–1189
Golden Gate 1158–1164 Considerably altered by later construction.
Cathedral of Saint Demetrius 1191 or 1194–1197
Dormition Cathedral of the Knyaginin Monastery 1200–1202 Completely rebuilt around 1500, only lower parts of the walls survive.
Saint George Cathedral Yuryev-Polsky, Russia 1230–1234[2] The cathedral collapsed in the 1460s and was repaired in a different form.[2]
Dormition Church Dorohobuzh, Ukraine Volhynia c. 12th century Rebuilt in 16th century, incorporating parts of the original walls.
Stołpie Tower Stołpie, Poland 12th–13th centuries Partially ruined
Dormition Cathedral Volodymyr, Ukraine 1160 Collapsed in 1829, rebuilt in 1896–1900.

Remains

This section presents pre-Mongol Rus' buildings that were partially destroyed and have significant surviving visible remains but were not rebuilt.

Surviving buildings of pre-Mongol Rus'
Name Photo Location[a] Land[b] Construction date Comments
Dormition Cathedral Krylos, Ukraine Galicia Before 1187 Parts of the wall and foundations were used to construct a chapel (15th century) and a church (16th century) above the remains.
Stone wall Grodno, Belarus Grodno 12th century
Lower church Late 12th century
Palace Late 12th century
Tomb church Pereiaslav, Ukraine Pereyaslavl 11th century
St. Michael's Church 1089
Church Turov, Belarus Turov 12th century
St. John the Evangelist Church Lutsk, Ukraine Volhynia 12th century

Notes

  1. ^ a b Modern settlement and country where the building is located.
  2. ^ a b Rus' principality or land where the building was located. This is a rough division as the exact boundaries were not fixed and only the major principalities are included.

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Rappoport, p.22
  2. ^ a b Воронин, Н. Н. (1974). Владимир, Боголюбово, Суздаль, Юрьев-Польской. Книга-спутник по древним городам Владимирской земли. (in Russian) (4th ed.). Moscow: Искусство. pp. 262–290. Retrieved September 16, 2011.

Sources

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