List of biographical films pre-1950s

The following is a list of biographical films released before 1950.

1900s

1900

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Joan of Arc[1][2] Joan of Arc Jeanne Claviere

1906

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Story of the Kelly Gang[1][2] Ned Kelly Frank Mills

1909

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Origin of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata Ludwig van Beethoven Harry Baur
The Life of Moses.[3] Moses Pat Hartigan
Edgar Allen Poe[4] Edgar Allan Poe Herbert Yost
Saul and David King David Maurice Costello
King Saul William V. Ranous

1910s

1910

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Pyotr Velikiy Peter the Great Pyotr Voinov

1911

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Sweet Nell of Old Drury[5] Nell Gwyn Nellie Stewart
Charles II of England Augustus Neville

1912

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Custer's Last Fight.[6] George Armstrong Custer Francis Ford
Cleopatra[7] Cleopatra Helen Gardner
From the Manger to the Cross[8] Jesus Robert Henderson-Bland

1913

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Adrienne Lecouvreur Adrienne Lecouvreur Sarah Bernhardt
Giuseppe Verdi nella vita e nella gloria Giuseppe Verdi Egisto Cecchi
The Life and Works of Richard Wagner Richard Wagner Giuseppe Becce
Sixty Years a Queen[9] Queen Victoria Blanche Forsythe (younger)

Louie Henri (older)

1914

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Beating Back Al Jennings Al Jennings
Richelieu[10] Cardinal Richelieu Murdock MacQuarrie
The Adventures of François Villon: The Oubliette[11] François Villon
The Adventures of François Villon: The Higher Law
The Adventures of François Villon: Monsieur Bluebeard
The Adventures of François Villon: The Ninety Black Boxes
Home, Sweet Home[12] John Howard Payne Henry B. Walthall
Judith of Bethulia[13] Judith Blanche Sweet
The Life of General Villa[14] Pancho Villa Raoul Walsh (younger)

Pancho Villa (older, as himself)

1915

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Florence Nightingale[15]: 271  Florence Nightingale Elisabeth Risdon
Mistress Nell[16] Nell Gwyn Mary Pickford
The Raven[17] Edgar Allan Poe Henry B. Walthall

1916

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
David Garrick.[18][19] David Garrick Dustin Farnum
Davy Crockett[20] Davy Crockett
Disraeli[21] Benjamin Disraeli Dennis Eadie
Joan the Woman[22] Joan of Arc Geraldine Farrar

1917

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Betsy Ross[23] Betsy Ross Alice Brady
Cleopatra[24] Cleopatra Theda Bara
The Conqueror[25] Sam Houston William Farnum
The Fall of the Romanovs[26] Nicholas II of Russia Alfred Hickman
Alexandra Feodorovna Nance O'Neil
The Lincoln Cycle[27] Abraham Lincoln Benjamin Chapin
My Father Abraham Lincoln Benjamin Chapin
My Mother Abraham Lincoln Benjamin Chapin
Myself Abraham Lincoln Benjamin Chapin
Rasputin, the Black Monk[28] Grigori Rasputin Montagu Love

1918

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Casanova[29] Giacomo Casanova Alfréd Deésy
My Four Years in Germany[30] James W. Gerard Halbert Brown
The Life Story of David Lloyd George[31] David Lloyd George Norman Page
Why America Will Win John J. Pershing Harris Gordon
The Woman the Germans Shot[32] Edith Cavell Julia Arthur

1919

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Deliverance[33] Helen Keller Ann Mason
The Fighting Roosevelts[34] Theodore Roosevelt Herbert Bradshaw
Private Peat[35] Harold R. Peat Harold R. Peat

1920s

1920

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Headin' Home[36] Babe Ruth Babe Ruth
If I Were King[37] François Villon William Farnum

1921

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Disraeli[38] Benjamin Disraeli George Arliss

1922

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Dick Turpin's Ride to York[39] Dick Turpin Matheson Lang
Nero[40] Nero Jacques Grétillat
Peter the Great Peter the Great Emil Jannings
A Prince of Lovers Lord Byron Howard Gaye

1923

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Bonnie Prince Charlie[41] Charles Edward Stuart Ivor Novello
Friedrich Schiller - Eine Dichterjugend Friedrich Schiller Theodor Loos
Guy Fawkes[42] Guy Fawkes Matheson Lang
Landru, the Bluebeard of Paris Henri Désiré Landru Wilhelm Sichra
The Little Napoleon[43] Napoleon Egon von Hagen
Paganini[44] Niccolò Paganini Conrad Veidt
Richard the Lion-Hearted[45] Richard I Wallace Beery
The Ten Commandments[46] Moses Theodore Roberts
Rameses II Charles De Roche

1924

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Beau Brummel[47] Beau Brummel John Barrymore
The Dramatic Life of Abraham Lincoln[48] Abraham Lincoln George A. Billings

1926

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo[49] Davy Crockett Cullen Landis
Josef Kajetán Tyl Josef Kajetán Tyl Zdeněk Štěpánek
The Life Story of Charles Chaplin Charlie Chaplin Chick Wango
Nell Gwyn[50] Nell Gwyn Dorothy Gish
Nelson[51] Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson Cedric Hardwicke

1927

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The King of Kings[52] Jesus H. B. Warner
The Loves of Casanova[53] Giacomo Casanova Ivan Mozzhukhin
The Life of Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven Fritz Kortner
Napoléon[54] Napoleon Bonaparte Albert Dieudonné

1928

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Dream of Love[55] Adrienne Lecouvreur Joan Crawford
Luther Martin Luther Eugen Klöpfer
The Passion of Joan of Arc[56] Joan of Arc Renée Jeanne Falconetti
The Patriot[57] Tsar Paul I of Russia Emil Jannings
Tracy the Outlaw Harry Tracy Jack Hoy
Una nueva y gloriosa nación[58] Manuel Belgrano Francis X. Bushman

1929

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Divine Lady[59] Emma Hamilton Corinne Griffith
Lord Horatio Nelson Victor Varconi
Disraeli[60] Benjamin Disraeli George Arliss

1930s

1930

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Abraham Lincoln[61] Abraham Lincoln Walter Huston
Billy the Kid[62] Billy the Kid Johnny Mack Brown
A Lady's Morals[63] Jenny Lind Grace Moore
The Loves of Robert Burns[64] Robert Burns Joseph Hislop
Ludwig der Zweite, König von Bayern[65] Ludwig II of Bavaria William Dieterle

1931

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Alexander Hamilton[66] Alexander Hamilton George Arliss
Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus Cedric Hardwicke
Mata Hari[67] Mata Hari Greta Garbo
Yorck Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg Werner Krauss

1932

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Jenny Lind Jenny Lind Grace Moore
Rasputin and the Empress[68] Grigori Rasputin Lionel Barrymore
Alexandra Feodorovna Ethel Barrymore
Nicholas II of Russia Ralph Morgan
Silver Dollar[69] Yates Martin Edward G. Robinson

1933

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Bowery[70] Chuck Connors Wallace Beery
Steve Brodie George Raft
In the Wake of the Bounty[71] William Bligh Mayne Lynton
Fletcher Christian Errol Flynn
The Private Life of Henry VIII[72] Henry VIII Charles Laughton
Queen Christina[73] Queen Christina of Sweden Greta Garbo
Voltaire[74] Voltaire George Arliss

1934

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Barretts of Wimpole Street[75] Elizabeth Barrett Browning Norma Shearer
Robert Browning Fredric March
Cleopatra[76] Cleopatra Claudette Colbert
Julius Caesar Warren William
Mark Antony Henry Wilcoxon
The House of Rothschild[77] Mayer Rothschild George Arliss
The Iron Duke[78] Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington George Arliss
Love Time[79] Franz Schubert Nils Asther
Madame Du Barry[80] Madame Du Barry Dolores del Río
Louis XV of France Reginald Owen
The Mighty Barnum[81] P. T. Barnum Wallace Beery
Nell Gwynn[82] Nell Gwynn Anna Neagle
The Rise of Catherine the Great[83] Catherine II of Russia Elisabeth Bergner
The Scarlet Empress[84] Catherine II "The Great" of Russia Marlene Dietrich
Waltzes from Vienna[85] Johann Strauss Edmund Gwenn
Johann Strauss II Esmond Knight
Viva Villa! Pancho Villa Wallace Beery

1935

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Annie Oakley[86] Annie Oakley Barbara Stanwyck
Clive of India[87] Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive Ronald Colman
Diamond Jim[88] Jim Brady Edward Arnold
Drake of England[89] Francis Drake Matheson Lang
Golgotha Jesus Robert Le Vigan
Harmony Lane[90] Stephen Foster Douglass Montgomery
Mutiny on the Bounty[91] William Bligh Charles Laughton
Fletcher Christian Clark Gable

1936

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Daniel Boone[92] Daniel Boone George O'Brien
Der Kaiser von Kalifornien[93] John Sutter Luis Trenker
The Great Ziegfeld[94] Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. William Powell
Hearts Divided[95] Elizabeth 'Betsy' Patterson Marion Davies
Jérôme Bonaparte Dick Powell
Napoleon Bonaparte Claude Rains
Mary of Scotland[96] Mary, Queen of Scots Katharine Hepburn
The Plainsman[97] Wild Bill Hickok Gary Cooper
The Prisoner of Shark Island[98] Samuel Mudd Warner Baxter
Rembrandt[99] Rembrandt Charles Laughton
Rhodes of Africa[100] Cecil Rhodes Walter Huston
Robin Hood of El Dorado[101] Joaquin Murrieta Warner Baxter
The Story of Louis Pasteur[102] Louis Pasteur Paul Muni
Sutter's Gold[103] John Sutter Edward Arnold
Whom the Gods Love[104] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Stephen Haggard
The White Angel[105] Florence Nightingale Kay Francis

1937

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Auld Lang Syne Robert Burns Andrew Cruickshank
Fire Over England[106] Elizabeth I of England Flora Robson
The Great Garrick[107] David Garrick Brian Aherne
The Life of Émile Zola[108] Émile Zola Paul Muni
Parnell[109] Charles Stewart Parnell Clark Gable
Peter the First[110] Peter the Great Nikolai Simonov
The Toast of New York[111] James Fisk Edward Arnold
Victoria the Great[112] Queen Victoria Anna Neagle
William Tindale William Tyndale Alan Wheatley
Young Pushkin[113] Alexander Pushkin Valentin Litovsky

1938

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Adrienne Lecouvreur Adrienne Lecouvreur Yvonne Printemps
The Adventures of Marco Polo[114] Marco Polo Gary Cooper
Alexander Nevsky[115] Alexander Nevsky Nikolay Cherkasov
Boys Town[116] Edward J. Flanagan Spencer Tracy
The Buccaneer[117] Jean Lafitte Fredric March
Andrew Jackson Hugh Sothern
The Childhood of Maxim Gorky[118] Maxim Gorky Aleksei Lyarsky
The Great Waltz[119] Johann Strauss II Fernand Gravey
If I Were King[120] François Villon Ronald Colman
Marie Antoinette[121] Marie Antoinette Norma Shearer
That Mothers Might Live[122] Ignaz Semmelweis Shepperd Strudwick
Saint Theresa of Lisieux[123] Thérèse of Lisieux Irène Corday
Sixty Glorious Years[124] Queen Victoria Anna Neagle
Suez[88] Ferdinand de Lesseps Tyrone Power

1939

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Conquest of Peter the Great Peter the Great Nikolai Simonov
Drums Along the Mohawk[125] Nicholas Herkimer Roger Imhof
The Flying Irishman[126] Douglas Corrigan Douglas Corrigan
Frontier Marshal[127] Wyatt Earp Randolph Scott
The Great Victor Herbert[128] Victor Herbert Allan Jones
Immortal Waltz Johann Strauss I Paul Hörbiger
Jesse James[129] Jesse James Tyrone Power
Frank James Henry Fonda
Juarez[129] Benito Juárez Paul Muni
Kaiss wa leila Qays Badr Lama
Layla Al-Aamiriya Amina Rizk
Lenin in 1918[130] Vladimir Lenin Boris Shchukin
The Mad Empress[131] Charlotte of Belgium Medea de Novara
Man of Conquest[132] Sam Houston Richard Dix
Nurse Edith Cavell Edith Cavell Anna Neagle
On His Own Maxim Gorky Aleksei Lyarsky
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex[133] Elizabeth I of England Bette Davis
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex Errol Flynn
The Story of Alexander Graham Bell[133] Alexander Graham Bell Don Ameche
Thomas A. Watson Henry Fonda
The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle[134] Vernon Castle Fred Astaire
Irene Castle Ginger Rogers
Swanee River[135] Stephen Foster Don Ameche
Tower of London[136] Richard III of England Basil Rathbone
Young Mr. Lincoln[137] Abraham Lincoln Henry Fonda

1940s

1940

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Spirit of the People[138] Abraham Lincoln Raymond Massey
Bismarck[139] Otto von Bismarck Paul Hartmann
Brigham Young[140] Brigham Young Dean Jagger
Joseph Smith Vincent Price
A Dispatch from Reuter's Paul Reuter Edward G. Robinson
Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet [141] Paul Ehrlich Edward G. Robinson
Edison, the Man[142] Thomas Edison Spencer Tracy
Eternal Melodies[143] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Gino Cervi
Kit Carson[144] Kit Carson Jon Hall
Knute Rockne, All American[145] Knute Rockne Pat O'Brien
George Gipp Ronald Reagan
Lillian Russell[146] Lillian Russell Alice Faye
Alexander Pollock Moore Henry Fonda
Lady with Red Hair[147] Mrs. Leslie Carter Miriam Hopkins
Northwest Passage[148] Robert Rogers Spencer Tracy
Rambrandt Rembrandt Jules Verstraete
The Return of Frank James[149] Frank James Henry Fonda
The Rothschilds[150] Nathan Mayer Rothschild Carl Kuhlmann
Santa Fe Trail[150] J.E.B. Stuart Errol Flynn
George Armstrong Custer Ronald Reagan
John Brown Raymond Massey
Semmelweis Ignaz Semmelweis Tivadar Uray
The Westerner[151] Judge Roy Bean Walter Brennan
Young Tom Edison[152] Thomas Edison Mickey Rooney

1941

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Belle Starr[153] Belle Starr Gene Tierney
Billy the Kid[154] Billy the Kid Robert Taylor
Blossoms in the Dust[155] Edna Gladney Greer Garson
Hudson's Bay[154] Pierre-Esprit Radisson Paul Muni
Médard des Groseilliers Laird Cregar
Men of Boys Town[126] Edward J. Flanagan Spencer Tracy
Ohm Kruger[156] Paul Kruger Emil Jannings
One Foot in Heaven[157] William Spence Fredric March
The Prime Minister[158] Benjamin Disraeli John Gielgud
Sergeant York[159] Alvin York Gary Cooper
That Hamilton Woman[160] Emma Hamilton Vivien Leigh
Lord Horatio Nelson Laurence Olivier
They Died with Their Boots On[161] George Armstrong Custer Errol Flynn
You Will Remember[162] Leslie Stuart Robert Morley

1942

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Apache Trail[163] Tom O'Folliard William Lundigan
Die Entlassung Otto von Bismarck Emil Jannings
The First of the Few[164] R. J. Mitchell Leslie Howard
For Me and My Gal[165] Harry Palmer Gene Kelly
Gentleman Jim[166] James J. Corbett Errol Flynn
The Great Mr. Handel[167] George Frideric Handel Wilfrid Lawson
Here Will I Nest Thomas Talbot John Sullivan
The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe[168] Edgar Allan Poe Shepperd Strudwick
My Gal Sal Paul Dresser Victor Mature
The Pride of the Yankees[169] Lou Gehrig Gary Cooper
The Remarkable Andrew[170] Andrew Jackson Brian Donlevy
Rembrandt[171] Rembrandt Ewald Balser
Rossini[172] Gioachino Rossini Nino Besozzi
Simón Bolívar[173] Simón Bolívar Julián Soler
Tennessee Johnson[174] Andrew Johnson Van Heflin
Tombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die[175] Wyatt Earp Richard Dix
The Vanishing Virginian[176] Robert Yancey Frank Morgan
Yankee Doodle Dandy[177] George M. Cohan James Cagney
Sam Harris Richard Whorf
The Young Mr. Pitt[178] William Pitt the Younger Robert Donat

1943

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Der Unendliche Weg Friedrich List Eugen Klöpfer
Dixie[179] Daniel Decatur Emmett Bing Crosby
Hitler's Madman[180] Reinhard Heydrich John Carradine
The Iron Major[181] Frank Cavanaugh Pat O'Brien
Is Everybody Happy?[182] Ted Lewis Michael Duane
Jack London[183] Jack London Michael O'Shea
Madame Curie[184] Marie Curie Greer Garson
Pierre Curie Walter Pidgeon
Mission to Moscow[185] Joseph E. Davies Walter Huston
The Outlaw[186] Billy the Kid Jack Buetel
The Song of Bernadette[187] Bernadette Soubirous Jennifer Jones
The Woman of the Town[188] Bat Masterson Albert Dekker

1944

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Adventures of Mark Twain[189] Mark Twain Fredric March
Buffalo Bill[190] Buffalo Bill Joel McCrea
Champagne Charlie[191] George Leybourne Tommy Trinder
Alfred Vance Stanley Holloway
Enemy of Women[192] Joseph Goebbels Paul Andor
The Great Moment[88] William T. G. Morton Joel McCrea
Henry V[193] Henry V of England Laurence Olivier
The Hitler Gang[194] Adolf Hitler Robert Watson
Shine On, Harvest Moon[195] Nora Bayes Ann Sheridan
Jack Norworth Dennis Morgan
Wilson[196] Woodrow Wilson Alexander Knox

1945

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Caesar and Cleopatra[197] Julius Caesar Claude Rains
Cleopatra Vivien Leigh
Captain Eddie[198] Eddie Rickenbacker Fred MacMurray
Captain Kidd[199] William Kidd Charles Laughton
Dillinger[200] John Dillinger Lawrence Tierney
François Villon François Villon Serge Reggiani
The Dolly Sisters[201] Janszieka "Jenny" Dolly Betty Grable
Rozsika "Rosie" Dolly June Haver
The Great John L.[202] John L. Sullivan Greg McClure
God Is My Co-Pilot[203] Robert Lee Scott Jr. Dennis Morgan
Incendiary Blonde[204] Texas Guinan Betty Hutton
Ivan the Terrible[205] Ivan IV of Russia Nikolay Cherkasov
Pride of the Marines[206] Al Schmid John Garfield
Rhapsody in Blue[189] George Gershwin Robert Alda
A Royal Scandal[190] Catherine II of Russia Tallulah Bankhead
A Song to Remember[198] Frédéric Chopin Cornel Wilde

1946

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Anna and the King of Siam[207] Anna Leonowens Irene Dunne
Camões[208] Luís de Camões António Vilar
Devotion[209] Charlotte Brontë Olivia de Havilland
Emily Brontë Ida Lupino
Anne Brontë Nancy Coleman
Gallant Journey[210] John Joseph Montgomery Glenn Ford
The Great Glinka[211] Mikhail Glinka Boris Chirkov
The Jolson Story[212] Al Jolson

[213] ||Larry Parks

The Magic Bow Niccolò Paganini Stewart Granger
Magnificent Doll[214] Dolley Madison Ginger Rogers
James Madison Burgess Meredith
Aaron Burr David Niven
My Darling Clementine[215] Wyatt Earp Henry Fonda
Night and Day[216] Cole Porter Cary Grant
The Razor's Edge[217] W. Somerset Maugham Herbert Marshall
Sister Kenny[218] Elizabeth Kenny Rosalind Russell
So Goes My Love[219] Hiram Percy Maxim Don Ameche
Till the Clouds Roll By[220] Jerome Kern Robert Walker

1947

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Albéniz[221] Isaac Albéniz Pedro López Lagar
Captain Boycott[222] Charles Boycott Cecil Parker
Charles Stewart Parnell Robert Donat
The Fabulous Dorseys Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey
Monsieur Vincent[223] Vincent de Paul Pierre Fresnay
My Wild Irish Rose Chauncey Olcott Dennis Morgan
The Perils of Pauline[224] Pearl White Betty Hutton
Seine einzige Liebe Franz Schubert Franz Böheim
Song of Love Clara Schumann Katharine Hepburn
Robert Schumann Paul Henreid
Song of Scheherazade[225] Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Jean-Pierre Aumont
Trail Street[226] Bat Masterson Randolph Scott

1948

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
The Babe Ruth Story[227] Babe Ruth William Bendix
Bonnie Prince Charlie[228] Charles Edward Stuart David Niven
Brindis a Manolete[229] Manolete Pedro Ortega
The Iron Curtain[230] Igor Gouzenko Dana Andrews
Joan of Arc[231] Joan of Arc Ingrid Bergman
The Lame Devil (Le Diable boiteux)[232] Talleyrand Sacha Guitry
Macbeth[233] Macbeth of Scotland Orson Welles
Man to Men[234] Henry Dunant Jean-Louis Barrault
Saraband[235] Philip Christoph von Königsmarck Stewart Granger
The Mozart Story[236] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Hans Holt
Up in Central Park[237] William Tweed Vincent Price
Words and Music[238] Richard Rodgers Tom Drake
Lorenz Hart Mickey Rooney

1949

Film Subject(s) Lead actor or actress
Alexander Popov[239] Alexander Stepanovich Popov Nikolay Cherkasov
Almafuerte Pedro Bonifacio Palacios Narciso Ibáñez Menta
The Bad Lord Byron[240] Lord Byron Dennis Price
Christopher Columbus[241] Christopher Columbus Fredric March
Docteur Laennec René Laennec Pierre Blanchar
Eroica[242] Ludwig van Beethoven Ewald Balser
Heaven over the Marshes Maria Goretti Inés Orsini
Hen. Gregorio del Pilar Gregorio del Pilar Jose Padilla Jr.
I Shot Jesse James[243] Jesse James Reed Hadley
Frank James Tom Tyler
Ivan Pavlov[244] Ivan Pavlov Aleksandr Borisov
Jolson Sings Again Al Jolson Larry Parks
Life of St. Paul Series Paul the Apostle Nelson Leigh
Orpopojan valssi J. Alfred Tanner Sakari Halonen
Padre Burgos Jose Burgos Jaime de la Rosa
Samson and Delilah[245] Samson Victor Mature
Delilah Hedy Lamarr
The Stratton Story[246] Monty Stratton James Stewart
Viennese Girls[247] Karl Michael Ziehrer Willi Forst

See also

References

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