List of Vostok and Voskhod missions

Vostok and Voskhod were two spacecraft flown by the Soviet Union. Between 1960 and 1966, Vostok and Voskhod performed 11 successful, 2 partially successful and 3 unsuccessful missions. There are allegations that the Soviets had sent more Vostok missions than what Russian officials said, which are excluded from this list.[1]

Vostok missions

Mission Spacecraft Launch Landing Crew Outcome Notes
Korabl-Sputnik 1 1P 15 May 1960 5 September 1962 N/a Partial failure Uncontrolled reentry with debris landing in Manitowoc, Wisconsin[2]
Unnamed 1K-1 28 July 1960 N/a N/a Failure Booster exploded on launch killing two dogs flying on the mission - Bars (“Panther” or “Lynx”) and Lisichka (“Little Fox”).[3]
Korabl-Sputnik 2 1K-2 19 August 1960 20 August 1960 N/a Success First spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth, including two Soviet space dogs, Belka and Strelka[4]: 20–21, 27 
Korabl-Sputnik 3 1K-3 1 December 1960 2 December 1960 N/a Partial failure capsule burned up on re-entry killing dogs Pchelka and Muska.[5]
Unnamed 1K-4 22 December 1960 N/a N/a Failure Launch aborted when upper stage failed preventing injection into orbit. Dogs Damka (“Little Lady”) and Krasavka (“Beauty”) were safely recovered downrange after their suborbital flight.[3]
Korabl-Sputnik 4 3KA-1 9 March 1961 9 March 1961 N/a Success successful flight, included dog Chernushka, some mice, and a guinea pig[5]
Korabl-Sputnik 5 3KA-2 25 March 1961 25 March 1961 N/a Success final test flight prior to Vostok 1, included the dog Zvezdochka ("Starlet") on a single-orbit mission[6]: 267 
Vostok 1 3KA-3 12 April 1961 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin Success First man in space.[7]
Vostok 2 3KA-4 6 August 1961 7 August 1961 Gherman Titov Success First crewed mission lasting a full day.[8]
Vostok 3 3KA-5 11 August 1962 15 August 1962 Andriyan Nikolayev Success First simultaneous flight of two crewed spacecraft.[9]
Vostok 4 3KA-6 12 August 1962 15 August 1962 Pavel Popovich Success First simultaneous flight of two crewed spacecraft.[9]
Vostok 5 3KA-7 14 June 1963 19 June 1963 Valery Bykovsky Success Longest solo orbital flight.[10]
Vostok 6 3KA-8 16 June 1963 19 June 1963 Valentina Tereshkova Success First woman in space.[11]

Voskhod missions

Mission Spacecraft Launch Landing Crew Outcome Notes
Kosmos 47 3KV-2 6 October 1964 7 October 1964 N/a Success Uncrewed test flight of prototype Soviet Voskhod spacecraft[12]
Voskhod 1 3KV-3 12 October 1964 13 October 1964 Vladimir Komarov
Konstantin Feoktistov
Boris Yegorov		 Success First multi-crewed spacecraft.[4]: 236 
Kosmos 57 3KD-1 22 February 1965 6 April 1965 N/a Failure Spacecraft destroyed during third orbit; over 100 pieces of spacecraft debris were tracked, falling into the ocean between 31 March and 6 April 1965.[13]: 243 
Voskhod 2 3KD-4 18 March 1965 19 March 1965 Pavel Belyayev
Alexey Leonov		 Success First spacewalk.[13]: 244–248 
Kosmos 110 3KV-5 22 February 1966 16 March 1966 N/a Success Carried two dogs, Veterok ("Breeze") and Ugolyok ("Little piece of coal") to study prolonged effects of space travel.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Oberth Believes Astronauts Lost". Gadsden Times. Associated Press. December 10, 1959. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  2. ^ Hernet, Dennis (January 26, 1978). "Russia's first satellite disintegrated over city". Herald Times-Reporter. Retrieved December 25, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  3. ^ a b Gray, Tara (January 18, 1998). "A Brief History of Animals in Space". NASA. Retrieved December 25, 2025.
  4. ^ a b Chertok, Boris (2009). "Volume 3: Hot Days of the Cold War" (PDF). Rockets and People. NASA. Retrieved December 25, 2025.
  5. ^ a b Shinabery, Michael (July 27, 2014). "Dogs test spacecrafts' ability to function in space". Alamogordo Daily News. Retrieved December 25, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  6. ^ Siddiqi, Asif A. (2000). Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945 - 1974 (Part 1) (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 25, 2025.
  7. ^ "The flight of Vostok 1". ESA. Retrieved 25 December 2025.
  8. ^ "The First Day In Orbit". Flight. 80 (2736). London: Iliffe Transport Publications: 208. 17 August 1961. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  9. ^ a b "Hero's Welcome Soon for Spacemen". The Age (Melbourne Australia). August 16, 1962. Retrieved December 25, 2025 – via newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "50 years later, Bykovsky's record for longest solo flight on a spacecraft still intact". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. June 3, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2025.
  11. ^ "1963: Soviets launch first woman into space". BBC. 1963-06-16. Retrieved 2025-12-25.
  12. ^ Zak, Anatoly (February 13, 2024). "Kosmos-47: The Final test of Voskhod". russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved December 25, 2025.
  13. ^ a b Hall, Rex; Shayler, David (2001). The Rocket Men, Vostok and Voskhod, the First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing. p. 243. ISBN 1-85233-391-X.
  14. ^ LMurray (2007-11-05). "Laika and Her "Children"---Animals in the Space Race". Saving Earth | Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
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