List of Toraijin people
This page compiles notable figures under the Toraijin classification of lesser importance and lack of information. Many of them have conflicting background stories with Korea being the place of origin in their respective original texts, but being given royal heritage from Chinese emperors later in the Shinsen Shōjiroku. According to historian Hiroshi Kurita (栗田 寛), it was common for Korean descendants to rely on prominent families for their lineage in order to raise their social status.[Quotes 1][1]
Generally, like with most notable Toraijin figures, they are considered fictional regardless of their supposed place of origin or self-proclaimed lineage.[2][3]
Hachita no Kusushi
Hachita no Kusushi | |
|---|---|
蜂田薬師 | |
| Pronunciation | はちたのくすし |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Occupation | Clan leader |
Hachita no Kusushi (蜂田薬師, hachita no kusushi) was an individual from Paekche, who is later said to be a descendant of Sun Quan according to the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815).[4][5] But due to conflicting information from different sources, and the natures of said books, Hachita no Kusushi may be a fictional individual that was created by his descendants. Such sentiment is posited by historians such as Hirose Yoichi (廣瀬 陽一) who states that descendants that claimed heritage from Hachita no Kusushi is not genealogically accountable.[2]
Irigumo of Kaya
Irigumo | |
|---|---|
尓利久牟 | |
| Pronunciation | いりぐも |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Occupation | King |
| Family | Tatara clan |
Irigumo (尓利久牟, irigumo) was a king from the Kaya confederacy and the founder of the Tatara clan according to the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815).[5]
天國排開広庭天皇[謚欽明。]御世。投化。献金多々利金乎居等。天皇誉之。賜多々良公姓也。
— Shinsen Shōjiroku, 出自御間名国主尓利久牟王也
According to the book, it is said that the king hailed from Kaya, however, due to Kaya being a confederacy, it is difficult to identify which kingdom Irigumo is from.[Notes 1]
In addition, because the book is also criticized by modern historians for being unreliable to be viewed as a primary source, it is entirely possible that a king named "Irigumo" is fictional.[3]
Mantoku no Omi
Mantoku no Omi | |
|---|---|
万徳使主 | |
| Pronunciation | まんとくのおみ |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Occupation | Clan leader |
| Family | Ōtomo clan |
Mantoku no Omi (万徳使主, mantoku no omi) was an individual from Goguryeo (spelled "Koma/高麗") according to the Shoku Nihongi (797)[6] and the founder of the Ōtomo clan. It was later added in the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815) that he was a descendant of Emperor Gaozu of Han,[5] however, much like the other claims found in the books, these claims are scrutinized.[7][3]
Shamonei
Shamonei | |
|---|---|
沙門詠 | |
| Pronunciation | しゃもんえい |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Occupation | Clan leader |
Shamonei (沙門詠, shamonei) was an individual from Paekche according to the Shoku Nihongi (797) and the grandfather to Takaoka no Hiramaro (高丘宿禰比良麻呂/高丘比良麻呂).[6] His origin is changed in the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815) to have come from China,[5] however, this may be an aggrandization by his descendants.[3]
There is a theory positing that Shamonei was a member of the Sa clan or the Sataek clan (沙宅氏/사택씨), famous for Sataku Jyōmyō (沙宅紹明), of Paekche.[8]
Tarisusu
Tarisusu | |
|---|---|
多利須須 | |
| Pronunciation | たりすす |
| Born | |
| Died | |
| Other names | 太利須須 |
| Occupation | Clan leader |
Tarisusu (多利須須/太利須須, tarisusu) was an individual from Paekche according to the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815).[5]
His name is written twice under different characters each classified under different categories. His first and original name, "多利須須" contains a footnote that he was from Paekche. However, an alternate spelling under "太利須須" with only a single character difference is classified under "Kan (漢)" which meant mainland China. It is said that he has roots in the Wu state.[5]
There is a possibility that the two names are from different individuals, but the likelihood is low and is most likely the result of his descendants claiming different origins of their founder by putting a minor distinction in his name.[9]
References
- ^ 栗田, 寛 (1900). 新撰姓氏録考證 (下) (in Japanese). 吉川弘文館. p. 204.
- ^ a b Hirose, Yoichi (2015). 金達寿と〈社会主義〉:『行基の時代』をめぐって (in Japanese). 大阪府立大学大学院人間社会学研究科.
- ^ a b c d 横山, 七郎 (1957). 上代帰化人考 (承前) [A Study of Naturalized People in Ancient Times (continued)] (in Japanese). 帯広畜産大学学術研究報告. p. 18.
- ^ Shoku Nihon Kōki (続日本後紀)
- ^ a b c d e f Shinsen Shōjiroku (新撰姓氏録): 諸蕃
- ^ a b Shoku Nihongi (続日本紀)
- ^ "上代語で読む日本書紀〔仲哀天皇－神功皇后〕". 古事記をそのまま読む (in Japanese).
[At present, we know nothing more about the name of Mantoku no Omi other than what is found in the Shinsen Shojiroku. The "Kuwabara Village" mentioned in this section is likely Kuwabara-go in Katsuragi County. It is believed that the family that migrated there claimed to be Mantoku no Omi of Goguryeo as their ancestor, and eventually spread to various places.]
万徳使主の名は、今のところ『新撰姓氏録』以上のことは分からない。この段で言う「桑原邑」は葛上郡の桑原郷であろう。渡来した一族が、その祖は高句麗の万徳使主であったと自称し、やがて各地に広がったと思われる。 - ^ Yeon, Min-soo (2021). The Phase of the Sataek Family in the Sabi Period and Their Descendent Families after the Fall of the Country. Vol. 44 (1st ed.). The Academy of Korean Studies. pp. 215–252.
- ^ "万葉集作者一覧".
[In the various domains of Ukyo there is Kamikatsu (Masa), who is said to be "a descendant of Tarisusu, a native of Baekje," and in the various domains of Kawachi Province there is Kamiusa (Wosa), who is said to be "a descendant of Kuninokoshi no Omi, a native of Baekje." It is unclear which of these names they are, but they are thought to be descendants of naturalized people.]
右京諸藩に上勝(マサ)あり、｢百済国人多利須須之後也｣とあり、又河内国諸藩に上曰佐(ヲサ)があり、｢百済国人久尓能古使主之後也｣とある。これらのいづれか不明であるが、帰化人の子孫と思はれる。
- ^ His name only appears in the Shinsen Shōjiroku and in no other sources. The name is not found in Korea or Japan, outside the book.
- ^
『社会的地位を引き上げるために、往々にして朝鮮系が名族に世系を仮託することはよくみられる現象である。』
"It is a common phenomenon for people of Korean descent to rely on noble families for their lineage in order to raise their social status."
— 栗田 寛