List of Palestinians

Further information on Palestinians: History of Palestinian nationality and Definitions of Palestinian

The following Lists of Palestinians are lists of notable people with either a self-designation (endonym) or a foreign appellation (exonym) as "Palestinian", or who were born in the region of Palestine.

Approximately 12 million people today identify as Palestinians,[1] as defined in the Palestinian National Charter of 1968.[2]

Mandate period and after

The first list "Mandate period and after" consists of people who identify as "Palestinians" since the creation of Mandatory Palestine in 1920. The list does not include those Palestinian Jews or other Israeli citizens[3] who are native to the geographic region of Palestine, unless they self-identify as "Palestinians".[4][5]

Name Field Speciality Place of birth Year of birth
Farah Baker Social media Reporter Gaza Strip 1998
Mo Amer Comedy Stand up comedian Kuwait 1981
Said Durrah[6] Comedy Stand up comedian USA 1982
Maysoon Zayid Comedy Stand up comedian USA 1974
Abeer Abu Ghaith Business technology entrepreneur, and social activist Jordan c. 1985
Khaled Al-Hassan Politics (Fatah) political theorist, author, Fatah & PLO leader Haifa 1928
Lila Abu Lughod Academia professor, anthropology, women and gender studies USA 1952
Salman Abu Sitta Academia Palestinian studies Beersheba 1938
Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad Academia academic USA 1948
Mai al-Kaila Politics health minister, ambassador Jerusalem 1955
Plestia Alaqad Journalism journalist Gaza Strip 2001
Awad Saud Awad Journalism, Academia Author on Palestinian folklore, journalist Jubb Yusuf 1943
Motaz Azaiza Journalism photojournalist Deir al-Balah 1999
Fatma Hassona Journalism photojournalist Gaza City 1999
Bisan Owda Journalism Journalist, activist, filmmaker Beit Hanoun
Rashad al-Shawwa Politics Mayor of Gaza City (1971 – 1982) Gaza City 1909
Izzat Darwaza Academia historian, politician, educator Nablus 1888
Samih Farsoun Academia sociologist Haifa 1937
Ismail al-Faruqi Academia philosopher and comparative religions professor Jaffa 1921
Leila Farsakh Academia Middle East, politics Jordan 1967
Sami Hadawi Academia land specialist and researcher Jerusalem 1904
Nemah Hasan Music Singer-songwriter Toronto 1994
Ameer Idreis Literature Writer, playwright, urbanist Dubai 1999
Wasif Jawhariyyeh Music Oud composer Jerusalem 1897
Rashid Khalidi Academia historian USA 1948
Walid Khalidi Academia historian Jerusalem 1925
Salem Hanna Khamis Academia economic statistician Nazareth 1919
Laila Al-Marayati Medicine gynecologist USA 1962
Khaled Mardam-Bey Academia programmer Jordan 1968
Nur Masalha Academia academic, historian, editor Galilee 1957
Joseph Massad Academia academic Jordan 1963
Basheer Nafi Academia academic Rafah 1952
Ali H. Nayfeh Academia mathematician, mechanical engineer, physicist Tulkarm 1933
Sari Nusseibeh Academia philosopher, diplomat Syria 1949
Edward Said Academia professor of comparative literature, intellectual, and Palestinian Nationalist Jerusalem 1935
Nadia Abu El Haj Academia professor, anthropologist USA 1962
Rosemarie Said Zahlan Academia historian Egypt 1937
Anis Sayigh Academia historian Tiberias 1931
Yezid Sayigh Academia historian USA 1955
Zuhair Al-Karmi Academia, Natural science author, scientific programs presenter on TV Damascus 1922
Omar M. Yaghi Chemistry Nobel prize Amman 1965
Hashem El-Serag Medicine doctor and medical researcher Libya 1966
Reem Kassis Literature cookbook author Jerusalem 1987
Hisham Sharabi Academia historian Jaffa 1927
Qustandi Shomali Academia professor, historian, critic, researcher Beit Sahour 1946
Khalil Suleiman Medicine medical doctor Jenin 1943
Helga Tawil Souri Academia professor, media scholar and researcher, filmmaker Kuwait 1969
Ahmad Teebi Academia geneticist and dysmorphologist Beirut 1949
Aseel Anabtawi Science Electrical engineer with NASA Tulkarem 1969
Ali Abunimah Literature author, journalist USA 1971
Said K. Aburish Literature author, journalist Jerusalem 1935
Susan Abulhawa Literature author, journalist Kuwait 1970
Mourid Barghouti Literature poet Ramallah 1944
Khalil Beidas Literature author Nazareth 1874
Huzama Habayeb Literature author Kuwait 1965
Jamal Dajani Literature author, journalist, producer Jerusalem 1957
Mahmoud Darwish Literature poet Al-Birwa 1941
Khaled Ennasra poet journalist Jenin 1927
Najwa Kawar Farah Literature author Nazareth 1923
Rashida Tlaib Politician congresswoman USA 1976[7]
Emile Habibi Literature author Haifa 1922
Bella Hadid Fashion model USA 1996[8]
Gigi Hadid Fashion model USA 1995[8]
Mohamed Hadid Business businessman Nazareth 1948
Suheir Hammad Literature poet Jordan 1973
Nadia Hijab Literature author, journalist Syria 1950s
Jabra Ibrahim Jabra Literature poet, novelist, translator and literary critic Bethlehem 1919
Emily Jacir Artist professor, filmmaker Bethlehem 1975
Randa Jarrar Literature author, translator USA 1978
Sabri Jiryis Literature author Fassuta 1938
Ghassan Kanafani Literature author Acre 1938
Hasan Karmi Literature linguist and author Tulkarm 1905
Ghada Karmi Literature author Jerusalem 1939
Sayed Kashua Literature author and journalist Tira 1975
Widad Kawar Literature author and collector Tulkarm 1932
Sahar Khalifa Literature novelist Nablus 1942
Daoud Kuttab Literature journalist, author Jerusalem 1955
Taha Muhammad Ali Literature poet Saffuriyya 1931
Salman Masalha Literature poet, writer, essayist and translator Maghar 1953
Kamal Nasser Literature poet, activist Gaza 1925
Mohammed Omer Literature journalist Rafah 1984
Samih al-Qasim Literature poet Jordan 1939
Nahid al-Rayyis Literature poet Gaza 1937
Abu Salma Literature poet Tulkarm 1906
Khalil al-Sakakini Literature author Jerusalem 1878
Naomi Shihab Nye Literature poet USA 1952
Serene Husseini Shahid Literature author, philanthropist, researcher and collector of Palestinian costumes Jerusalem 1920
Khaled Abu Toameh Literature journalist Tulkarm 1963
Fadwa Toukan Literature poet Nablus 1917
Ibrahim Touqan Literature poet, writer of the poem Mawtini, the current national anthem of Iraq Nablus 1905
Samir El Youssef Literature writer and critic Lebanon 1965
May Ziadeh Literature author Nazareth 1886
Mustafa Abu Ali Film film director, founder of Palestinian Revolutionary Cinema, eight films Malha 1940
Hany Abu-Assad Film film director Nazareth 1961
Rashad Abu Sakhila Film actor, poet Jabalia 2001
Kamel El Basha Film actor, film director Malha 1962
Mohammad Bakri Film film director, actor Bi'ina 1953
Cherien Dabis Film film director, writer USA 1976
Qaher Harhash Film actor, model East Jerusalem 1998
Annemarie Jacir Film film director, writer Bethlehem 1974
Michel Khleifi Film film director (Wedding in Galilee) Nazareth 1950
Lexi Alexander Film film director Mannheim 1974
Clara Khoury Film actress Haifa 1976
Makram Khoury Film actor, first Arab to win (Israel Prize – 1987) Jerusalem 1945
Saja Kilani Film actress Jordan 1998
Rashid Masharawi Film film director Gaza 1962
Mai Masri Film film director Beirut 1959
Elia Suleiman Film film director (Divine Intervention) Nazareth 1960
Hiam Abbass Film actress Nazareth 1960
Anwar Jibawi Film comedian USA 1991
Waleed Zuaiter Film actor, producer USA
Nasri Tony Atweh Music lead singer of the band MAGIC! & singer/songwriter/record producer Toronto 1981
Ramzi Aburedwan Music composer, viola player Bethlehem 1979
Charlie Bisharat Music Grammy-winning violinist USA 1963[9]
Yacoub Shaheen Music Winner of the fourth season of Arab Idol Bethlehem 1994[10]
Mohammed Assaf Music Winner of the second season of Arab Idol Gaza 1989[11]
Belly Music rapper Jenin 1984
Rim Banna Music singer/songwriter Nazareth 1966
Ammar Hasan Music singer Salfit 1976
Wissam Joubran Music composer and Oud player Nazareth 1983
Reem Kelani Music singer/composer/musicologist UK 1963
Shadia Mansour Music rapper/singer UK 1980s
Amal Murkus Music singer Galilee 1970s
Nemahsis Music singer Canada
Mohsen Subhi Music composer, arranger, oud and buzuq player Ramallah 1963
DJ Khaled Music hip-hop producer, radio personality, and DJ USA 1975
Simon Shaheen Music oud and violin virtuoso, composer Galilee 1955
Massiv Music rapper Germany 1982
Tära Music singer-songwriter Italy 2003
Habib Hassan Touma Music composer Nazareth 1934
Fred Wreck Music hip-hop producer USA 1972
Tamer Nafar Music rapper of DAM fame Lod 1979
Bashar Murad Music singer, songwriter, visual artist Jerusalen 1993
Sameh Zakout Music rapper Ramle 1980s
Laila Bagge Wahlgren Music manager and songwriter Sweden 1972
Tarééc Music German singer Germany 1978
Dalal Abu Amneh Music singer and producer Nazareth 1983
DAM (band) Music Palestinian rap group Lod 1970s
Fouad Awad Art theater director Nazareth 1956
Alaa Minawi Art multidisciplinary artist, lecturer Beirut 1982
Naji al-Ali Art cartoonist al-Shajara 1938
Iman Al Sayed Art artist Sharjah 1984
Nasr Abdel Aziz Eleyan Art artist Jericho 1941
Mustafa Al-Hallaj Art artist Jaffa 1938
Mona Hatoum Art sculptor Beirut 1952
Nabil Anani Art artist Halhoul 1943
Hasan Hourani Art painter Hebron 1974
Emily Jacir Art painter and photographer, artist Bethlehem 1970
Hanna Jubran Art sculptor Galilee 1952
Sliman Mansour Art painter Birzeit 1947
Sama Raena Alshaibi Art photographer, artist Iraq 1973
Ahlam Shibli Art photographer Galilee 1970
Jafar Tukan Art architect Jerusalem 1938
Hisham Zreiq Art artist and film director (The Sons of Eialboun) Nazareth 1968
Rami Kashou Fashion fashion designer Ramallah 1977
Jaffa Phonix (band) Music band Kuwait 1980s
Yousef Beidas Business Intra Bank Jerusalem 1912
Munib al-Masri Business PADICO[12] Nablus 1934
Hasib Sabbagh Business Consolidated Contractors International Company Tiberias 1920
Naim Attallah Business Asprey, Quartet Publishing Haifa 1931
Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Business Jaffa 1938
Sam Bahour Business West bank businessman USA 1964
Yasser Elshantaf Business CEO of PhoenixBird Diversity Management GmbH Gaza 1983
Tarab Abdul Hadi Politics activist Jenin 1910
Fu'ad Nassar Politics (PCP) co-founded National Liberation League in Palestine Nazareth 1914
Nabil Amr Politics (Fatah) presidential aide and negotiator 1947
Yasser Arafat Politics (Fatah) first President of the PNA Cairo 1929
Hakam Balawi Politics (Fatah) former ambassador of PLO to Tunisia and Algeria Tulkarm 1939
Marwan Barghouti Politics (Fatah) founder of Tanzim and senior Fatah opposition figure Kobar 1959
Mohammed Dahlan Politics (Fatah) Head of Preventive Security Service in Gaza Gaza 1961
Saeb Erekat Politics (Fatah) presidential aide and senior negotiator Jerusalem 1955
Qadura Fares Politics (Fatah) PNA minister and aide of Barghouti
Rawhi Fattuh Politics (Fatah) former interim President of the PNA Barqa 1949
Faisal Husseini Politics (Fatah) former head of Jerusalem affairs Baghdad 1940
Farouk Kaddoumi Politics (Fatah) former head of Fatah Jinsafut 1931
Salah Khalaf Politics (Fatah) former top aide of Arafat Jaffa 1933
Ahmed Qurei Politics (Fatah) former Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority Jerusalem 1937
Ali Hassan Salameh Politics (PLO) Qula 1940
Nabil Shaath Politics (Fatah) former Foreign Affairs Minister Safed 1938
Khalil al-Wazir Politics (PLO) former PLO military leader and top aide Ramleh 1934
Mohammad Shtayyeh Politics/Fatah economist/academic/minister Nablus 1958
Muhammad Abu Tir Politics (Hamas) Political leader and militant Umm Tuba 1951
Mohammad Barghouti Politics (Hamas)
Mohammed Deif Politics (Hamas) Former leader of Qassam Brigades, Hamas' military wing Khan Younis 1965
Ismail Haniyeh Politics (Hamas) Gaza 1963
Mousa Abu Marzook Politics (Hamas) Fundraiser for terrorist activities Rafah 1951
Ahmed al-Ja'abari Politics (Hamas) Gaza 1960
Wasfi Kabha Politics (Hamas) Prisoners' Affairs Minister
Khaled Meshaal Politics (Hamas) Secretary-General of Hamas Silwad 1956
Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi Politics (Hamas) founder and former Secretary-General of Hamas Yibna 1947
Ahmed Yassin Politics (Hamas) founder and spiritual leader Al-Jura 1937
Mahmoud al-Zahar Politics (Hamas) former Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, Hamas foreign minister Jerusalem 1945
Salah Shehade Politics (Hamas) leader of military wing of the Hamas organization Gaza 1953
Yahya Ayyash Politics (Hamas) chief bomb maker planner of the Hadera bus station suicide bombing Jerusalem 1966
Bassam Abu Sharif Politics (PFLP) former spokesperson of PFLP and PLO 1946
George Habash Politics (PFLP) founder and former Secretary-General of PFLP Lod 1926
Abu Ali Mustafa Politics (PFLP) former Secretary-General of PFLP Jenin 1938
Leila Khaled Politics (PFLP) former PFLP militant and activist Haifa 1944
Ahmed Saadat Politics (PFLP) current Secretary-General of PFLP al-Bireh 1953
Nader Sadaqa Politics (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP exiled militant and activist Mount Gerizim 1977
Riyad al-Malki Politics (PFLP) current Foreign Affairs Minister of PNA 1955
Wadie Haddad Politics (PFLP) former PFLP militant and founder Safed 1927
Abu Qatada Politics al-Qaeda Muslim religious preacher and militant Bethlehem 1959
Abu Muthana Politics spokesman for the Palestinian Army of Islam
Awni Abd al-Hadi Politics Palestinian political figure Nablus 1889
Haidar Abdel-Shafi Politics independent, head of Palestinian delegation to Madrid Peace Conference of 1991 Gaza 1919
Salah Abdel-Shafi Politics independent, economist, Palestinian Ambassador to Sweden, Germany, Austria, and UNOV Gaza 1962
Muhammad Zaidan Politics PLF Syria 1948
Musa Alami Politics Jerusalem 1897
Hanan Ashrawi Politics Third Way Nablus 1946
Mustafa Barghouti Politics doctor and leader of the Palestinian National Initiative Jerusalem 1954
Nayef Hawatmeh Politics DFLP Jordan 1935
Ahmed Jibril Politics PFLP-GC Jaffa 1938
Karimeh Abbud Art photographer Shefa 'Amr 1896
Nimr al-Khatib Politics political leader, Haifa Haifa 1918
Jabra Nicola Politics Trotskyist leader Haifa 1912
Abu Nidal Politics Abu Nidal Organization Jaffa 1937
Nahid al-Rayyis Politics Justice Minister of the Palestinian National Authority Gaza 1937
Afif Safieh Politics Palestine's Ambassador to the Russian Federation jerusalem 1950
Hasan Tahboub Politics former Head of the Supreme Islamic Council Hebron 1923
Ruhi al-Khatib Politics (local) mayor of East Jerusalem from 1957 to 1994; titular Jerusalem 1914
Fahmi al-Abboushi Politics (local) appointed mayor of Jenin in 1935 Jenin 1895
Hussein Al-Araj Politics (local) former mayor of Nablus
Ramiz Jaraisy Politics (local) mayor of Nazareth 1951
Omar Hammayil Politics (local) mayor of al-Bireh 1976
Mohammed Milhim Politics (local) former mayor of Halhul 1929
Hadem Rida Politics (local) mayor of Jenin
Bassam Shaka Politics (local) former mayor of Nablus 1930
Ghassan Shakaa Politics (local) former mayor of Nablus 1943
Adly Yaish Politics (local) mayor of Nablus
Adel Zawati Politics (local) former mayor of Jenin, Nablus, Hebron, Ruler of Yafa, Ramleh Nablus 1920
Ahmad Tibi Politics (Israel) member of Israeli Knesset from the Ta'al party, former political advisor to Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat Tayibe 1958
Azmi Bishara Politics (Israel) former member of Israeli Knesset, from the Balad party Nazareth 1956
Jamal Zahalka Politics (Israel) member of Israeli Knesset, from the Balad party Kafr Qara 1955
Hana Sweid Politics (Israel) member of Israeli Knesset with Hadash and mayor of Eilabun Eilabun 1955
Tawfiq Ziad Politics (PCP) a poet, a former mayor of Nazareth and a former Hadash member of Israeli Knesset Nazareth 1929
Ibrahim Sarsur Politics (Israel) Knesset member Israel from the United Arab List party Kafr Qara 1959
Taleb el-Sana Politics (Israel) Knesset member Israel from the United Arab List party Tel Arad 1960
Mohammad Barakeh Politics (Israel) member of Israeli Knesset, from Hadash party Shefa-'Amr 1955
Haneen Zoabi Politics (Israel) first Arab woman elected to the Knesset on an Arab party Nazareth 1969
Rania of Jordan Politics (Foreign) Queen of Jordan, wife of King Abdullah II Kuwait 1970
Alia al Hussein Politics (Foreign) late Queen of Jordan, 3rd wife of King Hussein Cairo 1948
Antonio Saca Politics (Foreign) former president of El Salvador El Salvador 1965
Shafik Handal Politics (Foreign) El Salvador politician El Salvador 1930
Nayib Bukele Politics (Foreign) president of El Salvador El Salvador 1981
Carlos Flores Facussé Politics (Foreign) former president of Honduras Honduras 1950
Said Musa Politics (Foreign) former Prime Minister of Belize Belize 1944
Pierre de Bané Politics (Foreign) Canadian Haifa 1938
Naser Khader Politics (Foreign) member of the Parliament of Denmark Syria 1963
Joe Hockey Politics (Foreign) Australian cabinet minister Australia 1965
John H. Sununu Politics (Foreign) former Chief of Staff Pres. George H. Bush Administration Cuba 1939
John E. Sununu Politics (Foreign) Senator from New Hampshire USA 1964
Huwaida Arraf Politics co-founder of ISM USA 1976
Mubarak Awad Politics advocate of nonviolent resistance Jerusalem 1943
Abdullah Yusuf Azzam Religion (Islam) Islamist scholar and activist Jenin 1941
Bulus Farah Politics trade unionist Haifa 1910
Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni Politics nationalist leader Jerusalem 1907
Archbishop Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia Religion (Christianity) current archbishop of Sebastia for the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem Galilee 1965
Riah Abu Assal Religion (Christianity) current Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem Nazareth 1937
Naim Ateek Religion (Christianity) founder of Sabeel Beit She'an 1937
Elias Chacour Religion (Christianity) Archbishop of Galilee, of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church Galilee 1939
Michel Sabah Religion (Christianity) current Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem Nazareth 1933
Munib Younan Religion (Christianity) Lutheran bishop Jerusalem 1950
Rifat Odeh Kassis Politics human rights and community activist Beit Sahour
Mitri Raheb Religion (Christianity) Lutheran minister and author Bethlehem 1962
Benny Hinn Religion (Christianity) evangelical preacher Jaffa 1952
Anis Shorrosh Religion (Christianity) evangelical preacher and debater Nazareth 1930s
Amin al-Husayni Politics former Mufti of Jerusalem Jerusalem 1895
Ekrima Sa'id Sabri Religion (Islam) former Mufti of Jerusalem
Ahmad Abu Laban Religion (Islam) Imam in Denmark Jaffa 1946
Raed Salah Religion (Islam) leader of the Northern branch of the Islamic Movement 1958
Sheikh Taissir Tamimi Religion (Islam) Head of Islamic court in Palestinian territories Hebron
Omar Sheika Sport Professional Boxer USA 1977
Salim Tuama Sport soccer player Lod 1979
Ramsey Nijem Sport MMA fighter, The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos runner up USA 1988
Walid Badir Sport soccer player, Israeli team, Captain of Hapoel Tel Aviv Kafr Qasim 1974
Muhammad al-Durrah Other 12-year-old boy shot under disputed circumstances Gaza 1988
Faris Odeh Other teenage boy shot while throwing stones Gaza 1985
Rana Raslan Other 1999 Miss Israel contest winner Haifa 1977
Mahmoud Abbas Politics (Fatah) President of the PNA Safed 1935
Tawfiq Canaan Academia doctor and academic Beit Jala 1881
Ahmad Shukeiri Politics (PLO) first chairman of the PLO Lebanon 1908
Omar Barghouti Politics political activist and analyst PACBI Qatar 1964
Asma Agbarieh Politics, journalism journalist, leader of Organization for Democratic Action Jaffa 1974
Muin Bseiso Literature Poet Gaza 1926
Eyad al-Sarraj Medicine psychiatrist and human rights activist Beersheba 1944
Fadi Elsalameen Politics political commentator and analyst USA 1983
Layla Moran Politics British Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Oxford West and Abingdon UK 1982
Michael Malarkey Film actor and musician Beirut 1983
May Calamawy Film actress Bahrain 1986[13][14]
Mayssoun Azzam Media TV anchor, news presenter, media instructor, and activist[15] 1972

Pre-Mandate

The second list, titled "Pre-Mandate", consists of people with roots in the region of Palestine prior to the modern identity politics resulting from the creation of Mandatory Palestine and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. As well as native Palestinian Muslims and Christians, the list includes those Jews, Samaritans, Druze, and Dom who were native to the geographic region of Palestine. The list also include some famous names and titles as exonyms, prior to nationalism and national identity becoming commonplace in the modern era.

Chronologically or by floruit and regnal succession:

Name Field Speciality Place of birth Year of Birth
Antiochus of Ascalon[16] Academia Philosophy Ascalon c.125 BCE
Meleager of Gadara[16] Literature Poet Gadara c.120 BCE
Jesus[17] Religion (Judaism) Founder of Christianity Bethlehem c.4 BCE
Mary, mother of Jesus[18] Religion (Judaism) Mother of Jesus of Nazareth Sepphoris c.18 BCE
James, brother of Jesus[19] Religion (Judaism) Brother of Jesus, first bishop of Jerusalem early 1st century
Saint Peter[19] Religion (Judaism) Apostle of Jesus, primus inter pares among the Twelve Apostles 1st century BCE
Titus Flavius Boethus[20] Politics Roman Senator and Governor Ptolemais (Akka) d. 168
Rabbi Jochanan Religion (Judaism) Talmudic rabbi Sepphoris c.220[21]
Eusebius[22] Academia and Religion (Christianity) "Father of Church History" Caesarea Palestinae c.263
Alphaeus and Zacchaeus[23] Religion (Christianity) Martyrs Caesarea Maritima d. 303/304
Rabbi Assi Religion (Judaism) Talmudic rabbi Babylonia c.270
Saint Agapius of Palestine[24] Religion (Christianity) Martyr Gaza c.270
Procopius of Scythopolis[25] Religion (Christianity) Martyr Jerusalem c.270
Romanus of Caesarea[23] Religion (Christianity) Martyr Caesarea Palestinae c.270
Hilarion[26] Religion (Christianity) Monk Gaza c.291
Saint George[27] Religion (Christianity) Christian martyr Lydda c.300
Epiphanius of Salamis[28] Religion (Christianity) Church Father Eleutheropolis c.310
Sozomen[29] Academia Historian Gaza c.400
Marinus of Neapolis[16] Academia Mathematician, astronomer, poet Flavia Neapolis (Nablus) c. 440
Aeneas of Gaza[28] Academia Philosophy Gaza c.460
Procopius of Gaza[16] Academia Philosophy Gaza c.465
Eutocius of Ascalon[16] Academia Mathematics Ascalon c.480
Procopius of Caesarea[16] Academia Historian Caesarea Palaestina c.500
John of Gaza (Iohannes)[28] Academia Grammarian and poet Gaza early 6th century
Cyril of Scythopolis[30] Religion (Christianity) Monk, hagiographer Scythopolis (Beisan)
Sulayman al-Ghazzi[31] Religion (Christianity) Bishop and poet Gaza c.940
al-Muqaddasi[32] Academia medieval geographer Jerusalem c.946
Ibn Qudamah[33] Religion (Islam) Hanbali jurist, theologian, ascetic Jamma'in, Nablus district c.1147
Ibn Muflih[34] Religion (Islam) Jurisconsult Qaqun 1310-1362
Ibn Raslan[35] Religion (Islam) Shafa'i jurist and poet Ramla 1371-1440
Mujir al-Din al-'Ulaymi[36] History of Palestine historian Jerusalem c.1456
Mar'i al-Karmi[37] Religion (Islam) Hanbali scholar Tulkarem 1580-1624
Khayr al-Din al-Ramli[36] Religion (Islam) Hanbali jurist c.1585
Daher al-Umar[38] Politics 18th century ruler of the Galilee Arraba c.1690
Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas[39] Religion (Christian) Nun and saint Jerusalem 1843
Mariam Baouardy[40] Religion (Christianity) Modern saint / miracle I'billin 1846

References

  1. ^ According to Rashid Khalidi, the modern Palestinian identity encompasses the heritage of all ages from biblical times up to the Ottoman period. (Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian identity: the construction of modern national consciousness, Columbia University Press, 2009 p.18.) According to Palestinian author Walid Khalidi: "the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial." ("(With reference to Palestinians in Ottoman times) Although proud of their Arab heritage and ancestry, the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial, including the ancient Hebrews and the Canaanites before them. Acutely aware of the distinctiveness of Palestinian history, the Palestinians saw themselves as the heirs of its rich associations.") and according to Palestinian anthropologist Ali Qleibo: "in their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture." ("Throughout history a great diversity of peoples has moved into the region and made Palestine their homeland: Canaanites, Jebusites, Philistines from Crete, Anatolian and Lydian Greeks, Hebrews, Amorites, Edomites, Nabateans, Arameans, Romans, Arabs, and European crusaders, to name a few. Each of them appropriated different regions that overlapped in time and competed for sovereignty and land. Others, such as Ancient Egyptians, Hittites, Persians, Babylonians, and Mongols, were historical 'events' whose successive occupations were as ravaging as the effects of major earthquakes ... Like shooting stars, the various cultures shine for a brief moment before they fade out of official historical and cultural records of Palestine. The people, however, survive. In their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture."
    Genetic analysis suggests that a majority of the Muslims of Palestine, inclusive of Arab citizens of Israel, are descendants of Christians, Jews and other earlier inhabitants of the southern Levant whose core may reach back to prehistoric times.(Gibbons, Ann (October 30, 2000). "Jews and Arabs Share Recent Ancestry". ScienceNOW. American Academy for the Advancement of Science.. Studies cited are: M. F. Hammer, et al. (2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975. and Almut Nebel, et al. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–641. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID 11153918. S2CID 8136092. Another study says; "Our recent study of high-resolution microsatellite haplotypes demonstrated that a substantial portion of Y chromosomes of Jews (70%) and of Palestinian Muslim Arabs (82%) belonged to the same chromosome pool." Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Brinkmann, Bernd; Majumder, Partha P.; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella (2001). "The y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (5): 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163..)
  2. ^ "those Arab nationals who, until 1947, normally resided in Palestine regardless of whether they were evicted from it or stayed there. Anyone born, after that date, of a Palestinian father—whether in Palestine or outside it—is also a Palestinian (..) the Jews who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the creation of Israel in 1948 are considered Palestinians." "The Palestinian National Charter". Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  3. ^ "Image of a passport of a Palestinian Jew (1939)".
  4. ^ After crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt, Roman Emperor Hadrian applied the name Syria Palæstina to the region, including the area known as Kingdom of Israel, thus reviving and expanding the ancient name of the Pentapolis Philistia, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land. (H.H. Ben-Sasson: A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 334: "In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Iudaea to Syria-Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature." - Ariel Lewin: The archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine. Getty Publications, 2005, ISBN 0-89236-800-4, p. 33. "It seems clear that by choosing a seemingly neutral name - one juxtaposing that of a neighboring province with the revived name of an ancient geographical entity (Palestine), already known from the writings of Herodotus - Hadrian was intending to suppress any connection between the Jewish people and that land." - 'The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered', by Peter Schäfer, ISBN 3-16-148076-7)
  5. ^ Some scholars describe the Roman persecution of the Jews in Syria Palæstina after the Bar Kokhba revolt (135 CE) as a genocide (Totten, S.: Teaching about genocide: issues, approaches and resources. . p24) for it resulted in an extensive depopulation of Jewish communities, more so than the First Jewish–Roman War of 70 CE (Taylor, J. E. (2012-11-15). The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199554485. Up until this date the Bar Kokhba documents indicate that towns, villages and ports where Jews lived were busy with industry and activity. Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the Byzantine era, in En Gedi. This picture coheres with what we have already determined in Part I of this study, that the crucial date for what can only be described as genocide, and the devastation of Jews and Judaism within central Judea, was 135 CE and not, as usually assumed, 70 CE, despite the siege of Jerusalem and the Temple's destruction)
  6. ^ "Finding Palestine Through Humor". Institute for Palestine Studies. Palestine-Studies.org. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2026.
  7. ^ "Thanks to Rashida Tlaib, Palestinians finally have a voice". www.thenation.com. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Palestinian and Proud: 6 times the Hadid's embraced their roots". www.stepfeed.com. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  9. ^ "IMEU: Links: Charlie Bisharat: Violinist and recording artist". Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  10. ^ "Palestinian Christian from Bethlehem wins wildly popular 'Arab Idol' song contest". Washington Post.
  11. ^ Palestinian public hails local hero of Arab Idol Archived 2014-11-03 at the Wayback Machine. Ma'an News Agency. 2 June 2013.
  12. ^ "BBC World Service | Programmes | Outlook | Visiting a Palace in the West Bank".
  13. ^ "May El Calamawy". Time Out Dubai. September 14, 2011. Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  14. ^ Calamawy, May (June 11, 2020). "Sharing My Alopecia Helped Me Set New Expectations for Myself". Glamour. Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
  15. ^ "Up Close and Personal with Mayssoun Azzam". Al Bawaba. 9 August 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Geiger, Joseph. Hellenism in the East: Studies on Greek Intellectuals in Palestine. p. 9. ISBN 9783515106177. All this said it is of course clear, that the Palestinian provenance of some important Greek poets, writers and philosophers did not go unnoticed by classical scholars. From the Cynic Menippus, the poet Meleager and the poet and philosopher Philodemus, all of Gadara in the Hellenistic Age, to Marinus of Neapolis, the last Head but two of the Neoplatonic School in Athens and Procopius of Caesarea, the historian of the Age of Justinian and the last to uphold the tradition of classical historiography, the place of their birth, and in some of the cases the place of their activity, were duly noticed. Among intellectuals from Ascalon only the philosopher Antiochus, and to a lesser degree the mathematician Eutocius (and to an even lesser degree, the poet Euenus and the architect Julian) have received special attention. Nevertheless, with the sole exception of the so-called School of Gaza in the fifth and sixth centuries it has never been attempted to position a group of Greek intellectuals in their Palestinian surroundings, or of analysing the contribution to Greek cultural life of the inhabitants of one city in that country; Part II of this book will attempt to rise to this challenge.
  17. ^ *(1) 'today most active Jesus scholars are convinced that Jesus was a real historical being, who existed as a Palestinian-Jewish person in the beginning of the first century CE.' Per Bilde, The Originality of Jesus: A Critical Discussion and a Comparative Attempt, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013 p.60
    • (2) 'The recovery of Jesus' identity as a first-century Palestinian Jew, begun with Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth and reiterated forcefully by such recent authors as Vermes and Sanders, does important conceptual work.' John S.Kloppenberg, ‘Sources, Method and Discursive Locations in the Quest for the Historical Jesus,’ in Tom Holmén, Stanley E. Porter (eds.) Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus, (4 Vols) BRILL Vol.1, 2011 pp.241-289 p.247
    • (3) Those events and that teaching would have meant much to the dozens of Palestinian Jews we call the early apostles. . . .Could any of those who were not familiar with Jesus in his native Palestine have been totally incurious about his public life and teaching, what manner of man he was that some had thought him intimately related to God and others wanted him dead.?’ Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word made flesh, Liturgical Press, 2008 p.40
    • (4) Jesus’ rejection of divorce outright would have offended practically everyone of His day. Further, Jesus’ view that the single state was a legitimate and not abnormal calling for those to whom it was given, went against prevailing views in various parts of the Roman Empire about a man's duty to marry and procreate, but nowhere more so than in His native Palestine.’ Ben Witherington 111, Women in the Ministry of Jesus: A Study of Jesus' Attitudes to Women and Their Roles As Reflected in His Earthly Life, Cambridge University Press 1987 p.125
    • (5) The earliest church was not entirely homogeneous culturally. Acts 6 indicates that almost from the beginning two groups existed.: the Hebrews and the Hellenists. Most scholars conclude that the Hebrews were primarily Aramaic-speaking Jews and native Palestinian in dress. The Hellenists were on the other hand Jews that had .. adopted Greek as their language as well as Greek dress and customs David A. Fiensy, New Testament Introduction, College Press p.167
    • (6) 'Jesus, a Jew of First-Century Palestine.' Frederick James Murphy, The religious world of Jesus: an introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism, Abingdon Press1991 p.311
    • (7) 'As I examined these scenes again, I could find none where Jesus directly challenged the forces occupying his native Palestine.' Virginia Stem Owens, Looking for Jesus, Westminster John Knox Press 1999 p.250
    • (8) 'Jesus, and the message that he preached to the people of his native Palestine, was truly prophetic,' Joseph Stoutzenberger, Celebrating sacraments, St Mary’s Press, 2000 p.286
    • (9) As a man, he (Jesus) traveled throughout his native Palestine teaching the word of God (see Sermon on the Mount), healing the sick, and performing miracles.' Eric Donald Hirsch, Joseph F. Kett, James S. Trefil, The new dictionary of cultural literacy, Houghton Mifflin 2002 p.12
    • (10) 'The Bultmann era of New Testament scholarship did not encourage research into the Palestinian background of either Jesus or his movement' (citing Freyne) Morten H. Jensen, The Literary and Archaeological Sources on the Reign of Herod Antipas and its Socio-Economic Impact on Galilee, Mohr Siebeck 2010 p.5
    • (11) 'The "influence" of Sal terrae and Lux Mundi seems to have originated, as ideas, with the Palestinian Jesus.' Eric Francis Fox Bishop, Jesus of Palestine: the local background to the Gospel documents, Lutterworth Press 1955 p.73
    • (12) But of all the traditions to which Jesus and his Palestinian disciples would have been exposed, the most influential would naturally have been the Jewish.' John Davidson, The gospel of Jesus: in search of his original teachings, 2005 p.177.
    • (13) 'We can say that Jesus was a Palestinian Jew who lived during the reign of Emperor Tiberius.' Christopher Gilbert, A Complete Introduction to the Bible, Paulist Press 2009 p.187
    • (14) 'Jesus was a Palestinian Jew; Paul was a Jew of the diaspora.' William Baird, History of New Testament Research, Fortress Press, 2002 p.260
    • (15a)‘Jesus was a first-century Palestinian Jew. .His faith in God was nurtured within the context of a Jewish home and family, within the context of first-century Palestinian Judaism.’ p.30
    • (15b)'Catholic sacraments have their foundation in the preaching and teaching ministry of Jesus of Nazareth a first-century Palestinian Jew.' Gregory L. Klein, Robert A. Wolfe, Pastoral foundations of the Sacraments: a Catholic perspective, 1998 p.32
    • (16) 'Born in Bethlehem, Jesus was a Palestinian Jew,' George Kaniarakath, Jesus Christ: a Meditative Introduction, Society of St Paul, Bombay 2008
    • (17) 'Jesus, like many Palestinian Jews,..' Chuck Colson, Norm Geisler, Ted Cabal, The Apologetics Study Bible, 2007 p.1481 on Mark 7:35
    • (18) 'The title Kurios applied to Jesus by the Palestinian disciples', David B. Capes, Old Testament Yahweh texts in Paul's christology, Mohr Siebeck, Tuebingen 1992 p.13
    • (19) 'The reader also will notice the new beatitude generated by Palestinian Jesus culture—'Blessed is whoever is not scandalized by me' (Matt. 11.4/Luke 7.22).' Vernon Kay Robbins, The tapestry of early Christian discourse, 1996 p.140
    • (20) 'How did Jesus relate to Palestinian Judaism and how was he different from other Palestinian Jews?' Mark Allan Powell, Jesus as a figure in history, Westerminster John Knox Press, 1998 p.170
    • (21) 'Christianity was at first essentially a sect of Palestinian Jews who believed Jesus was the Messiah.' Kathryn Muller Lopez, Glenn Jonas, Donald N. Penny, (eds.)Christianity: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Guide, Mercer University Press, 2010
    • (22)'It also appears that the Nomos tradition is limited to Patristic authors with strong Palestinian ties. Justin was a native of Shechem, while Clement, who came to Alexandria from Athens, identified his greatest teacher as a Palestinian thinker “of Hebrew origins”.’Azzan Yadin Scripture as logos: Rabbi Ishmael and the origins of midrash, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004 p.175.
    • (22) 'There was another type of allegory that was familiar to the Palestinian thinkers.' Willis Allen Shotwell, The Biblical Exegesis of Justin Martyr, S.P.C.K., 1965 p.41(referring to Palestinians, Jews, pagans or others of the period of the 1st-2nd century CE)
    • (23) 'Jesus, we may assume, was by all means a Jewish patriot, but rousing his Palestinian people to throw off the Roman yoke was no part of his message. Neither had it been that of John the Baptist.'Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word Made Flesh, Liturgical Press 2009 p.23
    • (24) 'Given the fact that Jesus was a Jew, what were the religious concepts he learned, accepted, and perhaps adapted, as a first-century Palestinian Jew?’ David Ray Bourquin First Century Palestinian Judaism: An Annotated Guide to Works in English, Wildside Press LLC (1990) 2007 p.9
    • (25) 'The recovery of Jesus' identity as a first-century Palestinian Jew, begun with Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth and reiterated forcefully by such recent authors as Vermes and Sanders, does important conceptual work.'John S.Kloppenberg, ‘Sources, Method and Discursive Locations in the Quest for the Historical Jesus,’ in Tom Holmén, Stanley E. Porter (eds.) Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus (4 Vols) BRILL Vol.1, 2011 pp.241-189 p.247
    • (26) (of Paul) 'his preaching was addressed largely to diaspora Jews, not the Palestinian Jews among whom Jesus circulated.'Robert Chazan The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000-1500, Cambridge University Press 2006 p.31
    • (27) 'He was a Palestinian Jew, born of a woman named Mary married to a carpenter, Joseph.' Joseph A. Fitzmyer, A Christological Catechism: New Testament Answers, Paulist Press 1991 p.16.p.16
    • (28) 'The historical setting of Jesus' life and teaching — that he was a first-century Palestinian Jew-may awaken Christian theology to its Judaic origins’Katherine Sonderegger, That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew: Karl Barth's Doctrine of Israel, Pennsylvania University Press 2010 p.10.
    • (29) 'Jesus, we may assume, was by all means a Jewish patriot, but rousing his Palestinian people to throw off the Roman yoke was no part of his message. Neither had it been that of John the Baptist.' Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word Made Flesh, Liturgical Press 2009 p.23
    • (30) ‘Given the fact that Jesus was a Jew, what were the religious concepts he learned, accepted, and perhaps adapted, as a first-century Palestinian Jew?’ David Ray Bourquin, First Century Palestinian Judaism: An Annotated Guide to Works in English, Wildside Press, Studies in Judaica and the Holocaust', 6, 2007 p.9.
  18. ^ Bauckham, Richard. "The Relatives of Jesus". Themelios. 21 (2).
  19. ^ a b Lee, Sang-Il (2012). Jesus and Gospel Traditions in Bilingual Context: A Study in the Interdirectionality of Language. pp. 318, 380.
  20. ^ Geiger, Joseph. Hellenism in the East: Studies on Greek Intellectuals in Palestine. p. 18. ISBN 9783515106177. Flavius Boethus From Ptolemais, interested in Peripatetic philosophy and medicine, known only from Galen and the inscription quoted below, according to which he may have been consul in 161 or 162 and governor not before 164 or 165: he is the only person from Palestine in the Early Empire to become governor of the province. It may be conjectured that Galen's visit to Palestine (see GLAJJ II, nos. 382, 384, 385, 390) was connected with their relationship: Galen restored to health Boethus' wife and one of his sons, and was handsomely rewarded and introduced to Mark Aurel; Galen eventually dedicated to him not less than nine of his works.
  21. ^ Jeffrey L. Rubenstein (27 June 2002). Rabbinic stories. Paulist Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8091-4024-4. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  22. ^ Bonar, Chance (May 20, 2025). "The Father of Church History was Palestinian". Everyday Orientalism. Eusebius viewed himself as a Palestinian and sought through some of his writings, especially On the Martyrs of Palestine, to craft, narrate, and disseminate his understanding of Palestinian Christian identity and the importance of Palestine to Christian history to his readers.
  23. ^ a b Taylor, Joan E. (1993). Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins. pp. 56–63.
  24. ^ Eusebius. "Martyrs of Palestine, short recension, III". Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  25. ^ Barnes, Timothy David (2010). Early Christian Hagiography and Roman History. Mohr Siebeck. p. 121. Although he died in Antioch, he was a Palestinian, and Eusebius counted him as one of the martyrs of his province.
  26. ^ Binns, John (2019). The T&T Clark History of Monasticism: The Eastern Tradition. Bloomsbury Publishing. Another early Palestinian monk was Hilarion, whose life was written by Jerome. Hilarion (291-371) was, according to Jerome, the first monk in Gaza, and together with Anthony of Egypt, he established monastic life.
  27. ^ Johanyak, Debra; Lim, W. (2010). The English Renaissance, Orientalism, and the Idea of Asia. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 52. Born in Cappadocia, to a mother who was Christian Palestinian ...
  28. ^ a b c Geiger, Joseph. Hellenism in the East: Studies on Greek Intellectuals in Palestine. p. 13. ISBN 9783515106177. Aeneas 1 was born about 430, studied in Alexandria with Hierocles in about 450, and is attested in 488; the fact that Zacharias 1 referred to him in 514 without a formula confirming his death should not be taken as proof. He visited Constantinople and had connections in Antioch and other cities. Among his Palestinian correspondents were Iohannes 3 (not sure, see s. v.), Zonaeus, Diodorus, Zosimus 2, Epiphanius 2, the iatrosphist Gessius of Petra, and Julianus 1, as well as the sophist Diogenes of Antioch, who corresponded also with Hierius and with Eutocius 1. The absence of any correspondence between him and Procopius 1 must be due to both of them residing in the same city and should not be construed even as an argumentum e silen tio against their acquaintance.
  29. ^ Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria; Kofsky, Aryeh (2006). The Monastic School of Gaza. Brill. p. 14. There is no doubt that Sozomen's Palestinian origins and his particularly close acquaintance with the south of the country and with Palestinian local traditions contributed to his desire to include these matters in his composition, even when not required by the narrative.
  30. ^ McCray, Austin (2024). "THE PRACTICE OF LENTEN SOLITUDE IN THE LIVES OF CYRIL OF SCYTHOPOLIS" (PDF). Journal for Late Antique Religion and Culture. 18. Cardiff University Press: 33–50. In this excerpt, Cyril of Scythopolis, a Palestinian monk writing in the mid-sixth century, described an annual practice in which a small number of monks left their monasteries for a period of solitude during the season of Lent.
  31. ^ Noble, Samuel; Treiger, Alexander (2014). The Orthodox Church in the Arab World, 700–1700: An Anthology of Sources. p. 160. As the author of thr first collection of Christian religious poetry in Arabic, the early eleventh-century Palestinian bishop sulayman al-Ghazzi (or Solomon of Gaza) holds a unique place in the history of Arab Christian literature.
  32. ^ Al-Maqdisi (1906). M. J. Goeje (ed.). The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions (Arabic) (2 ed.). Brill. p. 440. في البناء فقال لي الاستاذ انت مصري ؟. قلت لا بل فلسطيني . قال سمعت ان عندكم تخرم الاحجار كما يخرم الخشب. قلت اجل (And I told them of the architecture in Palestine, and asked them questions in the art of architecture. He {a Stone cutter} asked me 'Are you Egyptian ?' I said 'No, I am Palestinian'. He said : 'I heard you drill stone as you would drill wood ?'. I said 'Yes'.)
  33. ^ Jalajel, David Solomon (2016). Women and Leadership in Islamic Law: A Critical Analysis of Classical Legal Texts. Taylor & Francis. p. 190. Written by the Palestinian-Syrian scholar al-Qudāmah, al-Mughnī is the first major, comprehensive encyclopedic work on Hanbali school of law.
  34. ^ The Encyclopedia of Islam Three (PDF). E.ܿܿJ. Brill. 2017. p. 139. He was born in the Palestinian village of Qāqūn in 710/1310 ...
  35. ^ Al-Hassani, Salim (2025-07-18). "Ibn al-Ha'im, A Scholar and Mathematician from Jerusalem: Some of his Manuscripts in Near Eastern libraries". Muslim Heritage.
  36. ^ a b Gerber, H. (2008). Remembering and Imagining Palestine:Identity and Nationalism from the Crusades to the Present. pp. 49–51. Mujir al-Din is our baseline for all aspects of Palestinian identity in Ottoman times: He was clearly conscious of his Palestinian-ness; he was clearly conscious as well of living in a Holy Land, and he was fully aware of the Crusades, their likely recurrence, ans the probably implications of this for the people of the country. [...] Khayr al-Din al-Ramli calls the country he was living in Palestine, and unquestionably assumes that his readers do likewise. What is even more remarkable is his use of the term "the country" and even "our country" (biladuna) possibly meaning that he had in mind some sort of a loose community focused around that term.
  37. ^ "Farid al-Salim, Landed Property and Elite Conflict in Ottoman Tulkarm, P75" (PDF). Institute for Palestine Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  38. ^ Doumani, Beshara (1995). "Cotton, Textiles and the Politics of Trade". Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. It is significant that we meet Zahir al-Umar (1690–1775) in this context, because he, more than any other Palestinian leader during the Ottoman period, was closely associated with the growing trade in cotton.[5] His imposition of a monopoly on the export of cotton changed the politics of trade in northern Palestine and put him on a collision course with the leaders of Jabal Nablus.
  39. ^ "Christians Celebrate Beatification of Palestinian Nun". Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation. 27 November 2009. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  40. ^ Melvin, Don; Liebermann, Oren; Latza Nadeau, Barbie (17 May 2025). "In religious and political gesture, Pope confers sainthood on two Palestinians". CNN. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
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