Laoma

Laoma
Laoma nerissa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Punctidae
Subfamily: Laominae
Genus: Laoma
J. E. Gray, 1850
Type species
Laoma leimonias
Synonyms[1]
  • Bulimus (Laoma) J. E. Gray, 1850
  • Laoma (Laoma) J. E. Gray, 1850
  • Phrixgnathus (Laoma) (J. E. Gray, 1850)[2]

Laoma is a genus of land snails belonging to the family Punctidae.[1] All known members of the genus are endemic to New Zealand.

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by John Edward Gray in 1850, as a subgenus, Bulimus (Laoma). Grey named Laoma leimonias as the type species.[3] In 1891, Henry Suter moved the subgenus to Phrixgnathus.[4] In the following year, Henry Augustus Pilsbry raised Laoma to genus level.[5] Phrixgnathus, formerly considered a subgenus of Laoma,[6] has been treated as a separate genus since at least 1993.[7][8] Taguahelix, described as a subgenus of Laoma in 1955,[9] was also raised to genus level in 1993.[8]

Phylogenetic analysis places Laoma within the family Punctidae as a basal group, closely related to the genus Phrixgnathus. Both genera likely diverged from Paralaoma and Punctum at least as early as the Oligocene.[10]

Distribution

The genus is endemic to New Zealand.[11]

Species

Species within the genus Laoma include:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Laoma J. E. Gray, 1850. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 4 November 2025.
  2. ^ Suter, H. (1891). "Art. XIX.—Contributions to the Molluscan Fauna of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 24: 270-278 – via Papers Past.
  3. ^ Gray, J. E. (1850). "Description of a new genus and several new species of terrestrial, fluviatile, and marine molluscous animals inhabiting New Zealand". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 17: 164–169.
  4. ^ Suter, H. (1891). "Art. XIX.—Contributions to the Molluscan Fauna of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 24: 270-278 – via Papers Past.
  5. ^ Pilsbry, Henry A. (1892). Manual of conchology, structural and systematic: with illustrations of the species. Second series, Pulmonata. Vol. 8. p. 57. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6534 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  6. ^ Climo, F. M. (December 1973). "The systematics, Biology and Zoogeography of the land snail fauna of Great Island, Three Kings Group, New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 3 (4): 565–627. doi:10.1080/03036758.1973.10421858. ISSN 0303-6758. Wikidata Q104026163.
  7. ^ Goulstone, J. F.; Mayhill, P.C.; Parrish, G.R. (1993). "An illustrated guide to the land mollusca of the Te Paki ecological region, Northland, New Zealand". Tane. 34: 1–32.
  8. ^ a b Climo, F. M.; Goulstone, J. F. (1993). "Descriptions and Redescriptions of Landsnails (Mollusca: Punctidae) in the Genera Phrixgnathus and Taguahelix". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 30: 27–45. ISSN 0067-0464. JSTOR 42906432. Wikidata Q58677441.
  9. ^ Powell, A. W. B. (1955). "Mollusca of the southern islands of New Zealand". Cape Expedition Series. 15. S2CID 126942439. Wikidata Q105814831.
  10. ^ Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Brook, Fred J.; Shepherd, Lara D.; Kennedy, Martyn (23 June 2020). "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Punctoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". Zoosystematics and Evolution (in Spanish). 96 (2): 397–410. doi:10.3897/ZSE.96.53660. ISSN 1860-0743. Wikidata Q104624996.
  11. ^ "Species List for Genus: Laoma". New Zealand Mollusca. Retrieved 4 November 2025.
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