L 98-59
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Volans |
| Right ascension | 08h 18m 07.62144s[1] |
| Declination | −68° 18′ 46.8054″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.69±0.05[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Red dwarf (main sequence) |
| Spectral type | M3V[3] |
| B−V colour index | +1.53[2] |
| R−I colour index | +1.28[2] |
| Variable type | None |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −6.10±0.19[1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 94.794(18) mas/yr[1] Dec.: −340.084(20) mas/yr[1] |
| Parallax (π) | 94.2664±0.0155 mas[1] |
| Distance | 34.599 ± 0.006 ly (10.608 ± 0.002 pc) |
| Details[4] | |
| Mass | 0.2923±0.0067 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.3155±0.0062 R☉ |
| Luminosity (bolometric) | 0.0122±0.0010 L☉ |
| Habitable zone inner limit | 0.090 au |
| Habitable zone outer limit | 0.237 au |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.91±0.02 cgs |
| Temperature | 3415±60[3] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.46±0.26[3] dex |
| Rotation | 76.7±1.5 days |
| Age | 4.94±1.44[5] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| L 98-59, NLTT 19357, TOI-175, TIC 307210830, TYC 9193-2365-1, 2MASS J08180763-6818468[6] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs (34.60 light-years), as measured by the Gaia spacecraft.[7]
Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with three confirmed terrestrial-sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS,[8] as well as two additional non-transiting planets, for a total of five known planets. The outermost planet is in the habitable zone.[9]
Planetary system
The planets b, c, and d of L 98-59 were discovered in 2019 by TESS.[8] The non-transiting potential super-Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with indications of the presence of L 98-59 f, another non-transiting super-Earth located in the system's habitable zone.[3][10] In 2025, the planet f was confirmed, and an additional planet candidate orbiting interior to planet b was detected.[9]
The two innermost confirmed planets, L 98-59 b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 d has a low density, around 2.2 g/cm3 versus 5.5 g/cm3 for Earth, indicating large amounts of volatiles.[11]
In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported.[12] Hubble observations of the three transiting planets in 2022 have found no clear evidence of atmospheres, with high mean molecular weight atmospheres, cloudy or hazy atmospheres, or no atmospheres all being consistent with the observed flat spectra.[13][14][15][16] However, the JWST did find evidence of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide for planets b and d, suggesting that both are sulfur-rich volcanic worlds with strong tidal heating,[17][18] and may contain a global internal magma ocean.[19][5][20]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .06[9] (unconfirmed) | ≥0.58±0.12 M🜨 | 0.0188±0.0004 | 1.7361+0.0007 −0.0008 |
0.027+0.040 −0.020 |
— | — |
| b | 0.46±0.11 M🜨 | 0.0223±0.0007 | 2.2531140(4) | 0.031+0.017 −0.016 |
88.08+0.23 −0.20° |
0.837±0.019 R🜨 |
| c | 2.00±0.13 M🜨 | 0.0309±0.0010 | 3.6906764(4) | 0.002+0.002 −0.001 |
88.88+0.21 −0.17° |
1.329±0.029 R🜨 |
| d | 1.64±0.07 M🜨 | 0.0494±0.0016 | 7.450729(2) | 0.006+0.007 −0.004 |
88.44±0.05° | 1.627±0.041 R🜨 |
| e | ≥2.82±0.19 M🜨 | 0.0712±0.0022 | 12.8278±0.0018 | 0.012+0.009 −0.008 |
80–88.82° | — |
| f | ≥2.8±0.3 M🜨 | 0.1052±0.0033 | 23.064±0.055 | 0.044+0.027 −0.028 |
74–89.20° | — |
Gallery
See also
- List of potentially habitable exoplanets
- List of exoplanets discovered in 2019
- TOI-700 d – Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI-700
References
- ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Zacharias, N.; Finch, C. T.; Girard, T. M.; Henden, A.; Bartlett, J. L.; Monet, D. G.; Zacharias, M. I. (1 February 2013). "The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (2): 44. arXiv:1212.6182. Bibcode:2013AJ....145...44Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/44. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119299381.
- ^ a b c d Demangeon, Oliver D. S.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Alibert, Y.; Barros, S. C. C.; Adibekyan, V.; Tabernero, H. M.; et al. (July 2021). "A warm terrestrial planet with half the mass of Venus transiting a nearby star" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: 38. arXiv:2108.03323. Bibcode:2021A&A...653A..41D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140728. S2CID 236957385.
- ^ a b Cadieux, Charles; L’Heureux, Alexandrine; Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline; et al. (2025-09-01). "Detailed Architecture of the L 98-59 System and Confirmation of a Fifth Planet in the Habitable Zone". The Astronomical Journal. 170 (3): 154. arXiv:2507.09343. Bibcode:2025AJ....170..154C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adef59. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ a b Nicholls, Harrison; Lichtenberg, Tim; Chatterjee, Richard D.; et al. (2026-03-16). "Volatile-rich evolution of molten super-Earth L 98-59 d". Nature Astronomy. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. arXiv:2507.02656. Bibcode:2025arXiv250702656N. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02815-8. ISSN 2397-3366.
- ^ "L 98-59". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 23 March 2025.
- ^ Cloutier, R.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Jenkins, J. S.; Berdiñas, Z.; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, D. W.; Seager, S.; Winn, J.; Jenkins, J. M. (2019-09-01). "Characterization of the L 98-59 multi-planetary system with HARPS - Mass characterization of a hot super-Earth, a sub-Neptune, and a mass upper limit on the third planet". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 629: A111. arXiv:1905.10669. Bibcode:2019A&A...629A.111C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935957. hdl:1721.1/125703. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 166228063.
- ^ a b Kostov, Veselin B.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Colon, Knicole D.; Brande, Jonathan; Collins, Karen A.; Feinstein, Adina D.; Hadden, Samuel; Kane, Stephen R.; Kreidberg, Laura (2019-06-27). "The L 98-59 System: Three Transiting, Terrestrial-Sized Planets Orbiting a Nearby M-dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 32. arXiv:1903.08017. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2459. hdl:1721.1/124742. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 118855908.
- ^ a b c Schwarz, Paul I.; Dreizler, Stefan; Heller, René (2026). "Confirmation of a Non‐Transiting Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M Dwarf L 98‐59". Astronomische Nachrichten. 347 (2). arXiv:2507.06413. Bibcode:2026AN....34770059S. doi:10.1002/asna.70059. ISSN 0004-6337. Retrieved 2026-03-18.
- ^ "New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus". European Southern Observatory. 5 August 2021. eso2112. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ "EarthSky | An inner solar system much like ours, 35 light-years away". Earth & Sky. 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
- ^ Pidhorodetska, Daria; et al. (29 September 2021). "L 98-59: A Benchmark System of Small Planets for Future Atmospheric Characterization". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (4): 169. arXiv:2106.00685. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..169P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1171. S2CID 235293792.
- ^ Damiano, Mario; Hu, Renyu; et al. (November 2022). "A Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Earth Planet L98-59 b in 1.1-1.7 μm". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (5): 225. arXiv:2210.10008. Bibcode:2022AJ....164..225D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac9472.
- ^ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (November 2022). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Rocky Planet L 98-59 b: No Evidence for a Cloud-free Primordial Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (5): 203. arXiv:2210.10699. Bibcode:2022AJ....164..203Z. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac8fe9.
- ^ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (February 2023). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L 98-59 c and d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 23 (2): 025011. arXiv:2212.09526. Bibcode:2023RAA....23b5011Z. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acaceb. S2CID 254854167.
- ^ Barclay, Thomas; et al. (2023), "The transmission spectrum of the potentially rocky planet L 98-59 c", The Astronomical Journal, 169 (5): 241, arXiv:2301.10866, Bibcode:2025AJ....169..241B, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ada5f6
- ^ Gressier, Amélie; Espinoza, Néstor; Allen, Natalie H.; et al. (2024-11-01). "Hints of a Sulfur-rich Atmosphere around the 1.6 R ⊕ Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRspec G395H Transmission Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975 (1): L10. arXiv:2408.15855. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975L..10G. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad73d1. ISSN 2041-8205.
- ^ Banerjee, Agnibha; Barstow, Joanna K.; Gressier, Amélie; et al. (2024-11-01). "Atmospheric Retrievals Suggest the Presence of a Secondary Atmosphere and Possible Sulfur Species on L98-59 d from JWST Nirspec G395H Transmission Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975 (1): L11. arXiv:2408.15707. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975L..11B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad73d0. ISSN 2041-8205.
- ^ Bello-Arufe, Aaron; Damiano, Mario; Bennett, Katherine A.; et al. (2025-02-20). "Evidence for a Volcanic Atmosphere on the Sub-Earth L 98-59 b". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 980 (2): L26. arXiv:2501.18680. Bibcode:2025ApJ...980L..26B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adaf22. ISSN 2041-8205.
- ^ "Researchers reveal a new class of molten planet". University of Oxford. 2026-03-16. Retrieved 2026-03-18.
- ^ "Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System". European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
External links
- New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus (ESO press release)
- TESS – Official Website
- Smallest exoplanet found so far (video; 1:53; NASA; June 2019)