LHX2
LIM/homeobox 2 protein (LHX2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX2 gene and is part of the LIM gene family.[5][6][7] LHX2, like other members of the LIM-homeobox gene family, regulates developmental processes like tissue patterning, cell fate determination and differentiation.[8]
Structure
LHX2 as part of the LIM gene family, it encodes for proteins with two N-terminal zinc-finger-like motifs called LIM domains and a homeobox domain.[9] Due to the presence of the LIM domains which bind to zinc, LHX2 can form complexes like with LDB1 in mammals or binding with DNA through the HOX domain to activate genes.[10][11]
Functions
The encoded protein may function as a transcriptional regulator. The protein can recapitulate or rescue phenotypes in Drosophila caused by a related protein, suggesting conservation of function during evolution.[7]
The LIM domain of LHX2 has been shown to interact with MRG1 which further binds to CITED2 and enhances transcriptional activation of the α-subunit gene of the glycoprotein hormones.[12]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106689 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000247 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Wu HK, Heng HH, Siderovski DP, Dong WF, Okuno Y, Shi XM, Tsui LC, Minden MD (July 1996). "Identification of a human LIM-Hox gene, hLH-2, aberrantly expressed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and located on 9q33-34.1". Oncogene. 12 (6): 1205–1212. PMID 8649822.
- ^ Rincon-Limas DE, Lu CH, Canal I, Calleja M, Rodriguez-Esteban C, Izpisua-Belmonte JC, Botas J (April 1999). "Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96 (5): 2165–2170. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.2165R. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165. PMC 26754. PMID 10051612.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LHX2 LIM homeobox 2".
- ^ Rincón-Limas, Diego E.; Lu, Cheng-Hsin; Canal, Inmaculada; Calleja, Manuel; Rodríguez-Esteban, Concepción; Izpisúa-Belmonte, Juan Carlos; Botas, Juan (2 March 1999). "Conservation of the expression and function of apterous orthologs in Drosophila and mammals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (5): 2165–2170. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.2165R. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2165. PMC 26754. PMID 10051612.
- ^ Jurata, L. W.; Gill, G. N. (1998), Pawson, Anthony J. (ed.), "Structure and Function of LIM Domains", Protein Modules in Signal Transduction, vol. 228, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 75–113, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-80481-6_4, ISBN 978-3-642-80481-6, PMID 9401203, retrieved 27 October 2025
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) - ^ Kinare, Veena; Iyer, Archana; Padmanabhan, Hari; Godbole, Geeta; Khan, Tooba; Khatri, Zeba; Maheshwari, Upasana; Muralidharan, Bhavana; Tole, Shubha (1 January 2020). "An evolutionarily conserved Lhx2-Ldb1 interaction regulates the acquisition of hippocampal cell fate and regional identity". Development. 147 (20) dev.187856. doi:10.1242/dev.187856 (inactive 27 October 2025). ISSN 1477-9129. PMID 32994168.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link) - ^ Rincón-Limas, Diego E.; Lu, Cheng-Hsin; Canal, Inmaculada; Botas, Juan (June 2000). "The level of DLDB/CHIP controls the activity of the LIM homeodomain protein Apterous: evidence for a functional tetramer complex in vivo". The EMBO Journal. 19 (11): 2602–2614. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.11.2602. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 212760. PMID 10835358.
- ^ Glenn, Denis J.; Maurer, Richard A. (17 December 1999). "MRG1 Binds to the LIM Domain of Lhx2 and May Function as a Coactivator to Stimulate Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Gene Expression". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (51): 36159–36167. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10593900.
Further reading
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Glenn DJ, Maurer RA (2000). "MRG1 binds to the LIM domain of Lhx2 and may function as a coactivator to stimulate glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (51): 36159–36167. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159. PMID 10593900.
- Bach I, Rodriguez-Esteban C, Carrière C, et al. (1999). "RLIM inhibits functional activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors via recruitment of the histone deacetylase complex". Nat. Genet. 22 (4): 394–399. doi:10.1038/11970. PMID 10431247. S2CID 22326394.
- Bendall AJ, Rincón-Limas DE, Botas J, Abate-Shen C (1998). "Protein complex formation between Msx1 and Lhx2 homeoproteins is incompatible with DNA binding activity". Differentiation. 63 (3): 151–157. doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6330151.x. PMID 9697309.