L'Alarme (newspaper)

L'Alarme (English: The Alarm) was an anarchist newspaper published in Lyon between April and June 1884. It succeeded L'Hydre anarchiste, which had been banned a week earlier, and preceded Le Droit anarchique.

During a period when Lyon was a major hub for the anarchist movement, they began establishing press outlets that followed one after another in response to frequent bans and significant repression. Following the prohibition of their previous organ, L'Hydre anarchiste, they founded a new journal titled L'Alarme; it managed to remain in print for about a month before being banned in its turn.

It belongs to the first period of the Lyon anarchist press, featuring a series of closely related newspapers that succeeded one another in the face of government bans, including Le Droit social, L'Étendard révolutionnaire, La Lutte, Le Drapeau noir, L'Émeute, Le Défi, L'Hydre anarchiste, L'Alarme, and Le Droit anarchique.

Lyon and the Lyon region in general quickly became an important hub for anarchism^[1]—anarchists there formed a Lyonnese Federation.^[1][2][3] Lyonnese anarchists operated in a climate of repression and surveillance from the French authorities.^[1][2] However, in 1878, they decided to acquire a newspaper and founded a society, Le Droit social, intended to raise funds for the creation of an eponymous newspaper.^[2] Unfortunately for them, the law then required a deposit (cautionnement)—that is, a deposit of funds with the authorities—to be allowed to publish, which made such an initiative difficult for financial and practical reasons, as anarchist newspapers tended to be rapidly banned in France.^[2][3]

In 1882, following the new press freedom law of 1881, the situation changed with the suppression of this deposit requirement, and Le Droit social was founded in Lyon in February 1882.^[2] It was heavily monitored by the French authorities; every issue was sparingly analyzed, the special commissaire of Lyon sought to discover the precise authors of each article, and authorities initiated numerous prosecutions against the successive managers of the newspaper, which changed its name several times.^[4] It ceased publication on 23 July 1882 and was succeeded by L'Étendard révolutionnaire between August and October 1882.^[1][2]

This newspaper was subsequently banned following the Assommoir bombing, and its manager, Antoine Cyvoct, was sentenced to death due to one of the journal's articles.^[1] The anarchist movement in France, and specifically in Lyon, was then severely targeted by repression, which culminated in January 1883 during the Trial of the 66.^[1] In Lyon itself, several anarchists established a new press organ titled La Lutte ('The Struggle').^[5] Like its predecessors, it was quickly prosecuted and banned. Shortly thereafter, the newspaper Le Drapeau noir ('The Black Flag'), which followed La Lutte, was founded in August 1883 and ran until December 1883.^[6] It suffered the same fate as its predecessors and was succeeded by L’Émeute ('The Riot') from December 1883 to January 1884.^[7] Following L’Émeute, it was the turn of Le Défi ('The Defiance') to be published by the Lyonnese anarchists, lasting for only three issues in February 1884.^[8] After Le Défi, they published L'Hydre anarchiste until March 1884.^[9]

The banning of L'Hydre anarchiste prompted the Lyonnese to establish a new newspaper: L'Alarme.^[10] Its articles were unsigned, but Clovis Demure served as the editorial secretary.^[10]

As with some of the previous titles, printing took place at 26 rue Vauban.^[10] The fourth issue was printed on purple paper and contained a poster.^[10]

The publication was banned on the 1st of June 1884, and was replaced by Le Droit anarchique.^[1][10]

• Full collection on the Archives Autonomies website

• Chambost, Anne-Sophie (2017), "" Nous ferons de notre pire… ". Anarchie, illégalisme … et lois scélérates" [«We’ll Do our Worse». Anarchy, Illegalism … and Evil Law], Droit et Cultures, 74 (2): 65–87, doi:10.4000/droitcultures.4264