Timeline of Kurdish uprisings

This is an incomplete list of Kurdish uprisings. You can help by expanding it.

List of conflicts

Date Uprising Location Result
838–841[1] Kurdish Dasni tribe uprising against the Abbasids Abbasid Caliphate Suppressed
955–1071[2][3][4] War against the Musafirid. Rawadid dynasty Victory
990–1085 Kurdish uprising The Marwanids Victory, led to the birth of the Marwanids dynasty
1506–1510 Kurdish-Yazidi uprising against the Safavids[5] Safavid Persia Suppressed when the Yazidi leader, Shír Ṣárim, was defeated in battle.
1609–1610 Battle of Dimdim[6] Safavid Persia Suppressed
1770-1771 Bedagh Beg Rebellion[7][a] Bahdinan Suppressed
1775 Bajalan uprising[8] Zand dynasty Suppressed
1806–1808 Baban uprising[9] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1812 Babanzâde Ahmed Pasha Rebellion Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1830-1833 Yezidi Rebellion Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1830–1838 Mir Muhammed Rebellion Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1838 Han Mahmud Rebellion[10] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1838 Sait Beg Rebellion[11][12] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1839 Garzan Uprising[13] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1845-1847 1847 Bedirkhan revolt Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1854–1855 Yezdanşêr's uprising Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1877 Dersim Rebellion (1877) Ottoman Empire
1877–1878 Second Bedirkhanis Revolt Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1880–1881 Revolt by Sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri against the Qajars.[14][15] Qajar Persia

Ottoman Empire

Defeat
1889 Emin Ali Bedirkhan Revolt[16] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1892 Dersim Rebellion(1892)[17] Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1907 Bitlis Uprising (1907) Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1907–1909 Dersim Rebellion (1907–1909) [18] Ottoman Empire Kurdish military victory

Ottoman diplomatic victory

1908-1911 Hamawand rebellion Ottoman Empire Suppressed
Early March – 4 April 1914 Bitlis uprising (1914) Ottoman Empire Suppressed
1914 – 1918 Kurdish rebellions during World War I Ottoman Empire
  • Establishment of a quasi-independent Kurdish state until 1919
1919–1922 – First Mahmud Barzanji Revolt First Mahmud Barzanji revolt Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed
1918–1922 First Simko Shikak revolt Qajar Persia Suppressed
1918–present Iraqi–Kurdish conflict Iraq Ongoing
1918–present Kurdish–Iranian conflict Qajar Persia Ongoing
1919 Ali Batı Revolt[19] Turkey Suppressed
1919–1924 Kurdish revolts in Iraq (1919–1924) Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed
1919-1920 Surchi revolt Iraq Levies Suppressed
17 August- Early September 1919 Kağızman Uprising[b] First Republic of Armenia Suppressed
1920 Penek Uprising[c] First Republic of Armenia Suppressed
1920 Cemil Çeto Uprising Turkey Suppressed
1920 Milli Tribe Rebellion Turkey Suppressed
6 March – 17 June 1921 Koçgiri rebellion Turkey Suppressed
November 1922 – July 1924 Second Mahmud Barzanji revolt Kingdom of Iraq, Kingdom of Kurdistan Suppressed
August 1924 Beytüşşebab rebellion Turkey Suppressed
8 February – March 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion[14] Turkey Suppressed
1925 Raman and Reşkotan Uprising Turkey Suppressed
1926 Second Simko Shikak revolt Pahlavi Persia Suppressed, Simko Shikak flees to Mandatory Iraq
1926 Koçuşağı Rebellion[20][21] Turkey Suppressed
1927 Mutki Uprising Turkey Suppressed
22 May – 3 August 1929 Asi Resul Rebellion[22] Turkey Suppressed
September 1929 Tendürek Uprisings Turkey Suppressed
October 1927 – September 17, 1930 First, second and third Ararat rebellion[23][24][25][26][27] Republic of Ararat, Republic of Turkey Suppressed, Republic of Ararat disbanded
1930 Tutaklı Ali Can Rebellion Republic of Turkey Suppressed
1931 Jafar Sultan revolt Iran Suppressed
1931–1932 Ahmed Barzani revolt Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed, low-level insurgency continues through 1933, another revolt by Barzanis erupts in 1943
1935 Yazidi revolt of 1935 Mandatory Iraq Suppressed
20 March – November, 1937 and 2 January – December, 1938 Dersim rebellion Republic of Turkey Revolt suppressed, Turkey would, inresponse, begin the Dersim Genocide.
1941–1944 Hama Rashid revolt Pahlavi Iran Suppressed, Hama Rashid driven into Iraq
1943 1943 Barzani revolt Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed
November 1945 – December 15, 1946 Iran crisis of 1946[28] Pahlavi Iran, Republic of Mahabad Creation of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, revolt later suppressed
1948–1952 Penjwen Revolt Kingdom of Iraq Suppressed
11 September 1961 – 1970 First Iraqi–Kurdish War Republic of Iraq Stalemate, led to the Iraqi-Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970
1967 1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran Pahlavi Iran Suppressed
April 1974 – 1975 Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Iraq Suppressed, the Iraqi government re-establishes control over Kurdistan
1976–1978 PUK insurgency Iraq Long-term Iraqi victory, led to the Kurdish rebellion of 1983
1979 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran Iran Suppressed
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellion of 1983 Iraq Indecisive, led to the Anfal campaign.
15 August 1984 – 12 May 2025 Kurdish–Turkish conflict Republic of Turkey Ceasefire[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
1986–1996 KDPI insurgency Government of Iran Suppressed; KDPI announces unilateral cease-fire in 1996
1 March – 5 April 1991 1991 Iraqi uprisings Ba'athist Iraq, Kurdistan Region Iraqi military victory; establishment of the Kurdish Autonomous Republic, also known as Iraqi Kurdistan
March 2004 2004 Qamishli riots Syria Suppressed
1 April 2004–present Iran–PJAK conflict Iran Ongoing
19 July 2012 – present Rojava conflict Syria Ongoing
24 July 2015 – 12 May 2025 Kurdish–Turkish conflict Republic of Turkey Ceasefire
19 April 2016 – present Western Iran clashes Iran Ongoing
24 August 2016 – present Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war Syria Ongoing
15 – 27 October 2017 2017 Iraqi-Kurdish conflict Kurdistan Region Iraqi victory, Kurdistan Region loses territory including Sinjar, Kirkuk and Khanaqin.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Bosworth, C.E. (1998), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. 5: Khe-Mahi, Brill Academic Publishers, p. 451
  2. ^ Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates The Kurdish dynasties which emerged in the second half of tenth century...the Rawwadids
  3. ^ Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂a Rawwadi Kurds..
  4. ^ Ian Richard Netto, Encyclopaedia of Islam "There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan"
  5. ^ "Of the anger and alarm aroused by these proceedings..." persian.packhum.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ^ "DIMDIM". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
  7. ^ Guest, John S. (2012). Survival Among The Kurds. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-136-15736-3.
  8. ^ "Iranica - Search Results". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. , p.533.
  9. ^ Meho, Lokman I. "The kurds and Kurdistan: a general background" (PDF). p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-13.
  10. ^ Balcı, Ramazan (30 January 2014). Osmanlı'nın Doğu Siyaseti. Işık Yayıncılık Ticaret. ISBN 9789944766913. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  11. ^ Birlik, Rezan. Batılı Seyyahların Gözüyle Şırnak ve Çevresi. DTA Yayıncılık Bilişim Ltd. Şti. p. 112. ISBN 978-6259442549. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  12. ^ Mutlu, Servet (2002). Doğu Sorunu'nun Kökenleri: Ekonomik Açıdan. Ötüken. ISBN 978-9754373974. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  13. ^ Ballı, Rafet (1991). Kürt dosyası (3 ed.). Cem Yayınevi. p. 51. ISBN 9754063001. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  14. ^ a b "Are Kurds a pariah minority?". Archived from the original on 2008-06-08.
  15. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kūrdistān § History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 951.
  16. ^ Ekici, Deniz (2021). Kurdish Identity, Islamism, and Ottomanism: The Making of a Nation in the Late Ottoman Empire. Lexington Books. p. 25. ISBN 9781793612601. Retrieved 2025-10-25.
  17. ^ Taş, Erhan (2025). "Dersim Sancağında Yaşayan Koçuşağı (Koçan) Aşireti'nin Osmanlı Devleti'nin Son Dönemindeki Faaliyetleri Ve Koçuşağı Askerî Harekâtı (1926)". Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 35 (3): 1119–1136. doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1598751.
  18. ^ Balcı, Ramazan (2014). Osmanlı'nın Doğu Siyaseti (in Turkish). Işık Yayıncılık.
  19. ^ Akandere, Osman; Semiz, Yaşar (2012). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi. Eğitim Yayınevi. p. 143. ISBN 978-605-4392-50-6. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  20. ^ Saraç, Özgür; Şeren, Gamze Yıldız (2022). İlkesiz Vergilere Tepkiler: Vergi İsyanları. Efe Akademi Yayınları. p. 434. ISBN 978-605-71382-3-1. Retrieved 2025-10-13.
  21. ^ Döger, Yusuf Ziya (13 October 2022). Şeyh Said Hareketi Sonrası Pêçar Tenkil Harekâtı / 1927. Nûbihar Yayınları. p. 80. ISBN 978-605-68371-0-2. Retrieved 2025-10-19. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  22. ^ Mumcu, Uğur (1993). Kürt Dosyası. Tekin Yayınevi. p. 22. ISBN 978-605-4274-51-2. Retrieved 2025-10-19.
  23. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
  24. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
  25. ^ Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Taraf, October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  26. ^ M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105.
  27. ^ "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
  28. ^ "CSP – Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946–2008". Systemicpeace.org. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  29. ^ "The PKK's withdrawal: An historic step". The Economist. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  30. ^ Letsch, Constanze (8 May 2013). "PKK begins to withdraw from Turkey". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  31. ^ "Nearly half of PKK terrorists reportedly withdraw from Turkey". Today's Zaman. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  32. ^ "Turkey: PKK leader calls halt to armed struggle". Ansamed. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  33. ^ "Cautious Turkish PM welcomes Öcalan's call for end to armed struggle". Hürriyet daily news. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  34. ^ "Kurdish separatist group leader Öcalan calls to stop armed struggle". Trend AZ. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  35. ^ "Ocalan's farewell to arms brings Kurds hope for peace". Euronews. 21 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
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