Koshanpye

Koshanpye or Koshanpri (Burmese: ကိုးရှမ်းပြည်, Mandarin Chinese: 憍赏弥, Pali: Kosambhī )also called Kopyidaung (Burmese: ကိုးပြည်ထောင်, Mandarin Chinese: 九卑當),[1]: 42  is a historical name in Burmese literature which means "nine Shan states". The name was first introduced to western readers by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, X, year of 1824.[2]: 189 

Discovery and explanation

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton obtained the Map of Koshanpri from the slave in Ava.[3]: 246  Hamilton didn't research the proper name of "Koshanpri" or the literal meaning "Nine Provinces of Shan", but he pointed out that the Shan territory had been divided into 18 lordships, the slave even alleged that this number had been increased to 22.[3]: 248–249  After that, many scholars have given conflicting lists of "nine Shan states" strove to explain the name.[2]: 189 

Different version of nine Shan states Common used name nowaday
Burney[4]: 124–125 [5]: 292  Hannay[6]: 56 [5]: 292  Harvey[7]: 323  English Chinese Tai Nuea Refer to
Maingmo Manmaw 八莫（蛮莫） ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥨᥝᥱ Bhamo
Tsi-guen Sigwin Hsenwi 兴威（木邦） ᥔᥦᥢᥲ ᥝᥤᥴ Theinni
Ho-tha Hotha Hotha Husa 户撒 Husa Township
La-tha Latha Latha Lasa 腊撒 Part of Husa Township
Mo-na Moongla Mona Ganya 盈江（干崖） ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥲ / ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥢᥣᥲ Yingjiang County
Tsan-da Santa Santa Zhanda 盏达 ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥖᥣ Part of Yingjiang
Mo-wun Moongwoon Mowun Longchuan 陇川 ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥝᥢᥰ Longchuan County
Kaing-mah Kaingma Gengma 耿马 ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥪᥒ Gengma County
Maing-Lyin / Maing-Lyi Mainglyin Mong Lem 孟连 ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥥᥛᥰ Menglian County
Moongmau Maingmaw Mengmao 瑞丽（勐卯） ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ Ruili city
Sanla ? ? ?
Moongsie Kunming 昆明 ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ Kunming city
Moongtie Nandian 梁河（南甸） ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ Lianghe County

Some of the scholars don't agree with the literal meaning of "nine Shan states". James George Scott believe "Koshanpye" was a corrupted form of "Kaushambi" (Pali: Kosambī) because Mong Mao and Hsenwi use the name "Kosambī" as their classical buddhist name. The Burman official did not admit that a Shan kingdom had any right to a classical name.[2]: 189  But the Shan scholar Sao Saimong opposes this opinion; he states that Koshanpyi could never be mistaken for Kosambī, Burman central court respected Shan states using their own classical name, and Koshanpyi is specifically referred to Chinese Shan states.[1]: 42 

References

  1. ^ a b Sao Saimong Mangrai (1965). The Shan States and the British Annexation. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. ISBN 978-0877270577.
  2. ^ a b c James George Scott (1900). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. Rangoon: Government Printing, Burma.
  3. ^ a b Francis Hamilton (1824). "Account of a Map of Koshanpri". Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. X: 246–250.
  4. ^ Henry Burney (1837). "Some account of the Wars between Burmah and China". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VI (1): 121–149.
  5. ^ a b Henry Yule (1858). A Narrative of the Mission, sent by the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava in 1855, with Notices of the Country, Government and People. London: Smith, Elder and Co.
  6. ^ S. F. Hannay (1847). Sketch of the Singphos, Or the Kakhyens of Burmah: The Position of this Tribe as Regards Baumo, and the Inland Trade of the Valley of the Irrawaddy with Yuman and Their Connection with the North-Eastern Frontier of Assam. Calcutta: W. Ridsdale, Military Orphan Press.
  7. ^ G. E. Harvey (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
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