Koryak language
| Koryak | |
|---|---|
| чавʼчывэн; чавʼчываелыел | |
Koryak language in Koryak with transliteration | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Koryak Okrug |
| Ethnicity | 7,485 Koryaks |
Native speakers | 1,665, 21% of ethnic population (2010 census)[1] |
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kpy |
| Glottolog | kory1246 |
| ELP | Koryak |
Pre-contact distribution of Koryak (purple) and other Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages | |
Koryak is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[3] | |
Koryak (/ˈkɔːriæk/ KOR-ee-ak), also known as Nymylan, Chavchuven and Koræiki,[4] is a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language spoken by 1,665 people as of 2010[1] in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Koryak Okrug. It is mostly spoken by Koryaks. Its close relative, the Chukchi language, is spoken by about three times that number. The language together with Chukchi, Alyutor and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family.[5] Its native name in Koryak is нымылан nymylan, but variants of the Russian name "Koryak" are most commonly used in English and other languages. The Chukchis and Koryaks form a cultural unit with an economy based on reindeer herding and both have autonomy within Russia.
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o |
| Open | a |
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | c | k | q | ||
| Fricative | β | v | ɣ | ʕ | |||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Liquid | l | ʎ | |||||
| Approximant | j |
[w] may be an allophone of /β/.[6]
Orthography
| А а | Б б | В в | Вʼ вʼ | Г г | Гʼ гʼ | Д д | Е е |
| Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Ӄ ӄ | Л л |
| М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ |
| Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
References
- ^ a b "Population of the Russian Federation by Languages (in Russian)" (PDF). Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal Bureau of Government Statistics, in Russian). 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ^ "KORYAK LANGUAGE" [Great Russian Encyclopedia]. Большая российская энциклопедия (in Russian).
- ^ "Koryak in Russian Federation". UNESCO WAL. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ "Koryak". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world. Brown, E. K., Ogilvie, Sarah. (1st ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. 2009. pp. 239–241. ISBN 9780080877754. OCLC 318247422.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Zhukova, A. N. (1972). Grammatika Korjakskogo Jazyka: Fonetika, Morfologia Грамматика корякского языка. Фонетика и морфология.. Moscow: Akademia Nauk SSSR.
Further reading
- Bogoras, Waldemar, and Franz Boas. Koryak Texts. Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1917.
- Comrie, Bernard. Inverse Verb Forms in Siberia Evidence from Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal. Amsterdam: Bibliotheek v.h. Inst. voor Algemene Taalwetenschap v.d. Univ. van Amsterdam], 1985.
- Zhukova, A. N., and Tokusu Kurebito. Базовый тематический словарь корякско-чукотских языков [Basic topical dictionary of the Koryak-Chukchi languages]. Tokyo, Japan: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2004.
- Campbell, George L. and Gareth King. "Compendium of the World's Languages". 2013. ISBN 4-87297-896-X
External links