Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud

"Khaybar, Khaybar, ya yahud! Jaish Muhammad soufa yaʿoud!" (Arabic: خيبر خيبر يا يهود جيش محمد سوف يعود, lit. 'Khaybar, Khaybar, oh Jews! The army of Muhammad will return!') is an Arabic-language rallying slogan coined in the late 1980s and used by Hamas. It is chanted primarily at public anti-Israel demonstrations, but has also been invoked during by a convicted Islamist terrorist after being sentenced to death. The slogan is widely regarded as anti-Semitic.

Background

The slogan was coined in the late 1980s during the First Intifada by Ahmed Yassin, founder of the militant Palestinian Islamist organization Hamas.[1][2][3][4]

Its literal meaning in English is "Khaybar, Khaybar, oh Jews! The army of Muhammad will return!" The words reference the Battle of Khaybar of 628 CE, which began after Muhammad marched with a large Muslim army and besieged Khaybar, an oasis in present-day Saudi Arabia that was home to an established Jewish community.

Anti-semitism

The chant has been categorized as antisemitic by the American news broadcaster PBS,[5] the Israeli newspaper The Times of Israel,[6] the British advocacy group Muslims Against Antisemitism,[7] and the American advocacy group Anti-Defamation League.[8]

Usage

Anti-Israel protests

The slogan has since been embraced more widely by Islamists,[9] Islamic extremists and anti-Israel militants.[10][11] It has been chanted at Islamic extremist and pro-Palestinian demonstrations, including in Jerusalem,[12][13] Sweden,[14] England,[15][16][17] Austria,[18] Belgium,[19] the Netherlands,[20][21][22] and Australia.[23] The chant is employed more frequently during periods of violence between Israel and the Palestinians, such as during the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis and the Gaza war.[24][25]

In Europe, those chanting it have faced criminal charges, including incitement to hatred.[26][27]

Shaima Dallali stepped down as president of the National Union of Students in 2022 after controversy surrounding allegations of antisemitism, including her previous use of the phrase "Khaybar Khaybar O Jews … Muhammad’s army will return Gaza."[28]

Use by a terrorist

Indonesian terrorist Amrozi, involved in the 2002 Bali bombings, shouted the slogan before being sentenced to death in August 2003 in a Bali courtroom.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bartal, Shaul (2021), Upal, Muhammad Afzal; Cusack, Carole M. (eds.), "Ḥamās: The Islamic Resistance Movement", Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements, Brill, p. 381, ISBN 978-90-04-42525-5, JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctv1v7zbv8.23, retrieved 17 November 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  2. ^ Lawrence Rose, Paul (2014). "Muhammad, the Jews, and Khaybar: Fantasy and Emotion in Contemporary Islamic Political and Religious Antisemitism" (PDF). In Asher Small, Charles (ed.). Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity Volume IV: Islamism and the Arab World. ISGAP. p. 106.
  3. ^ Litvak, Meir (1998). "The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas". Middle Eastern Studies. 34 (1): 157. doi:10.1080/00263209808701214. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283922.
  4. ^ Shrentzel, Israel (2018). "Verses and Reality: What the Koran Really Says about Jews". Jewish Political Studies Review. 29 (3/4): 27. ISSN 0792-335X. JSTOR 26500684.
  5. ^ Brabant, Malcolm (13 November 2023). "Tensions rise in U.K. amid large-scale protests over Israel-Hamas war". PBS. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  6. ^ Philpot, Robert (18 November 2023). "UK Jews say govt not protecting them from Islamic extremism amid Israel-Hamas war". Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Why We As Muslims Must Challenge Antisemitic Language Like This". Muslims Against Antisemitism. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  8. ^ "Khaybar Khaybar ya yahud". Glossary of Extremism and Hate. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ^ Dziadosz, Alexander (15 November 2012). "Islamist leaders vow unity against Israel". Reuters. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  10. ^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (21 January 2001). "Arafat's Gift". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  11. ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (27 May 1984). "SOME FRIENDS TO FOES IN SOUTH LEBANON". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  12. ^ "Muslims chant about killing Jews outside Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  13. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (8 December 2017). "Palestinian man killed, 300 wounded in West Bank and Gaza rioting over Trump Jerusalem move". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  14. ^ "At protest against far-right lawmaker, Swedish Muslims chant about killing Jews". The Times of Israel. 2 September 2020.
  15. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (9 November 2018). "London rally for Jews killed in Arab countries disrupted by men shouting in Arabic about killing Jews". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  16. ^ "Met Police detain hundreds as pro-Palestinian rally turns volatile". The Jerusalem Post. 11 November 2023. ISSN 0792-822X. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Police appeal for information over possible hate crime at demo". The Jewish Chronicle. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  18. ^ "Anti-Israel protesters in Vienna chant about a massacre of Jews". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Dozens chant about an ancient massacre of Jews at pro-Palestinian rally in Brussels". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 29 June 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  20. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (15 July 2014). "Antwerp demonstration features calls to 'slaughter the Jews'". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  21. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (7 July 2014). "Hague Muslim protest features menacing calls about Jews". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  22. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (31 August 2017). "Protesters chant about killing Jews at Netherlands rally". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  23. ^ "Palestine activist Nasser Mashni accused of 'inciting hatred'". The Australian. 31 October 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  24. ^ "Death threat to Jews sung openly at rallies across the UK". The Jewish Chronicle. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  25. ^ "Antisemitism online directly increases real-world violence, study finds". The Jerusalem Post. 18 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Two men charged with hate crime for 'Khaybar' chant at anti-Israel demo". The Jewish Chronicle. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  27. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (27 January 2017). "Belgians who chanted about Jewish massacre indicted". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  28. ^ Adams, Richard (1 November 2022). "NUS president ousted over antisemitism allegations". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  29. ^ Gilbert, Martin (2011). In Ishmael's House: A History of Jews in Muslim Lands. McClelland & Stewart. pp. xiii–xix. ISBN 9780771035692.
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