Kazimierz Wyka

Kazimierz Wyka
Born(1910-03-19)19 March 1910
Krzeszowice
Died19 January 1975(1975-01-19) (aged 64)
Kraków
OccupationsLiterary historian, literary critic

Kazimierz Wyka (19 March 1910 – 19 January 1975) was a Polish literary historian, literary critic, and professor at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków following World War II. He was a deputy to the Polish parliament (Sejm) from 1952 to 1956 during the era of Stalinism in Poland.

Life

Wyka was the son of Wojciech Wyka, a small sawmill owner, and Maria née Piętakiewicz,[1] born and raised in Krzeszowice. He studied at the Jagiellonian University and during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany remained safely with the family in his small town. He became active politically only after the Soviet takeover, and obtained a position as a professor at his Alma mater in 1948. In 1952 Wyka co-founded and ran the Polish–Soviet Friendship Society (Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Radzieckiej), a cover for the direct Soviet propaganda in Poland,[2] which enabled him to also remain a Member of Parliament in 1952–56 before the collapse of Stalinism during the Polish October. Notably Wyka signed the so-called "Letter of 34" (List 34) against censorship,[3] delivered in March 1964 to the Council of Ministers (Poland) and then passed on to The Times.[4] However, the resulting uproar in the communist party circles prompted Wyka to sign a counter letter against it, claiming that the Radio Free Europe spreads false information about the Soviet repressions in Poland, which in its own right was an obscene lie, wrote Norman Davies.[5] Wyka was one of only two men who strategically withdrew their names from the original list to save their own jobs at the last moment.[6] His daughter Marta Wyka became a literary critic and literary historian.[1]

Books

  • Pogranicze powieści. Kraków. 1948.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1974, 1989.
  • Cyprian Norwid, poeta i sztukmistrz. Kraków. 1948.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Legenda i prawda "Wesela". Warszawa. 1950.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Teka Stańczyka" na tle historii Galicji w latach 1849–1869. Wrocław. 1951.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Matejko i Słowacki. Warszawa. 1953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • O formie prawdziwej "Pana Tadeusza". Warszawa. 1955.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Szkice literackie i artystyczne. Vol. 1–2. Kraków. 1956.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Życie na niby. Szkice z lat 1939–1945. Warszawa. 1957.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1959, 1985, 2010.
  • Rzecz wyobraźni. Warszawa. 1959.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1977.
  • Modernizm polski. Kraków. 1959.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1968.
  • Duch poetów podsłuchane. Pastisze. Kraków. 1959.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1962.
  • Krzysztof Baczyński 1921–1944. Kraków. 1961.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Makowski. Kraków. 1963.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1973.
  • Podróż do krainy nieprawdopodobieństwa. Kraków. 1964.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Łowy na kryteria. Warszawa. 1965.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Stara szuflada. Kraków. 1967.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Second extended edition 2000.
  • Norwid w Krakowie. Kraków. 1967.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Aleksander Fredro. Warszawa. 1968.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1986.
  • O potrzebie historii literatury. Szkice polonistyczne z lat 1944–1967. Warszawa. 1969.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Wędrówki po tematach. Vol. 1–3. Kraków. 1971.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Thanatos i Polska, czyli o Jacku Malczewskim. Kraków. 1971.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Literatura polska. Przewodnik encyklopedyczny. Warszawa. 1985.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Co-author.
  • Pokolenia literackie. Kraków. 1977.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1989.
  • Młoda Polska. Vol. 1–2. Kraków. 1977.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Reissued 1987.
  • Różewicz parokrotnie. Warszawa. 1977.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Nowe i dawne wędrówki po tematach. Warszawa. 1978.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Opowiadania. Kraków. 1978.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Reymont, czyli Ucieczka do życia. Warszawa. 1979.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Odeszli. Warszawa. 1983.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • List do Jana Bugaja. Droga do Baczyńskiego. Warszawa. 1986.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Cyprian Norwid. Kraków. 1989.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Baczyński i Różewicz. Kraków. 1994.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Wyznania uduszonego. Kraków. 1995.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Wśród poetów. Kraków. 2000.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Tylnym pomostem. Felietony zebrane. Kraków. 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Commemoration

In 1980, the president (mayor) of Kraków established the commemorative Kazimierz Wyka Award in the field of literary criticism, essay, and history of literature. The award was given annually.

References

  1. ^ a b Dorosz, Beata; Kotowska-Kachel, Maria. "Wyka Kazimierz". pisarzeibadacze.ibl.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 18 May 2025. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  2. ^ Trybuna Robotnicza, nr 294 (2726), 8 grudnia 1952 roku, s. 2.
  3. ^ Grzegorz Sołtysiak (21 March 2004), List 34 i antylist. Dlaczego niepozorna korespondencja zachwiała polityką kulturalną ekipy Gomułki. Tygodnik Przegląd weekly.
  4. ^ Jerzy Eisler, List 34, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1993, ISBN 83-01-11347-2.
  5. ^ Davies, N. Europe at War Pan Books ISBN 978-0-330-35212-3. Page 195.
  6. ^ J. Czachowska; A. Szałagan (2004). Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury. Słownik biobibliograficzny. Vol. T. 6. Warszawa: WSiP. pp. 315–516. ISBN 83-02-05974-9.
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