Kanggye
Kanggye
강계시 | |
|---|---|
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| • Chosŏn'gŭl | 강계시 |
| • Hancha | 江界市 |
| • McCune-Reischauer | Kanggye-si |
| • Revised Romanization | Ganggye-si |
Map of Chagang showing the location of Kanggye | |
Interactive map of Kanggye | |
Kanggye Location within North Korea | |
| Coordinates: 40°58′N 126°36′E / 40.967°N 126.600°E | |
| Country | North Korea |
| Province | Chagang Province |
| Administrative divisions | 34 dong, 2 ri |
| Area | |
• Total | 263.667 km2 (101.802 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
• Total | 251,971 |
| • Dialect | P'yŏngan |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Pyongyang Time) |
Kanggye (Korean: 강계시; Korean pronunciation: [kɐŋ.ɡje]) is the provincial capital of Chagang, North Korea and has a population of 251,971. Because of its strategic importance, derived from its topography, it has been of military interest from the time of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).
History
In December 1949, Kanggye-myon was promoted to Kanggye-si.[1]
During the Korean War, after being driven from Pyongyang, Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved the capital to Kanggye after first moving temporarily to Sinuiju.[2][3] The city was firebombed in November 1950 on American general Douglas MacArthur's orders after the Chinese People's Volunteer Army turned the course of the war; at least 65% of the city was destroyed.[4] The following month Kim presided over a plenum of the cabinet at Kanggye, where he assigned blame for what he claimed were military failures during the losing phase of the war.[5]
Culture
Attractions
Kanggye is home to an open-air stadium and is also home to the Kanggye Riding Club, which was built in 2024. Kanggye has scenic walkways along the Changja River and a small waterpark.
Other places of interest include Inphung Pavilion and Mount Ryonhwa. Tourist attractions have been developed to show the mountainous nature of the city.
Facilities
Kanggye University of Education, Kanggye University of Technology, and the Kanggye University of Medicine are located in the city.
The city has more than 50 various medical centres including an oral care and a maternity hospital.[6]
Transportation
Kanggye is a transportation hub, connected to other cities by road and rail. It lies at the junction of the Kanggye and Manp'o Lines. Commuter trains run on the Manpo line between Kanggye and Ssangbangdong stations. In addition, highways connect it to Pyongyang and other locations, with the road network of Chagang province being centered on the city.[7]
Kanggye has a trolleybus (무궤도전차) system, opened on April 17, 1992, with one 12 km line running from Changja-dong to Kong'in-dong, following the embankment of the Changja and Puchon rivers. Up until 2009 it had 6 full length and 2 medium trolleybuses; in the 2010s 5 full length and 1 medium trolleybus remained. In 2020, the northern loop was built into a small depot.[8]
Broadcasting
A local radio station called "Kanggye Broadcasting (강계방송)", originally founded in 1947 as a local broadcasting station for North Pyongan Province, which later became a local broadcasting station for Chagang Province in 1949. It is operated by the Chagang Province Broadcasting Committee (자강도 방송위원회). It airs programs that cover topics such as ideological education or local weather information.[9]
Economy
From 1945, the manufacturing industry developed rapidly.
Kanggye has a mining industry producing copper, zinc ore, coal and graphite.
Kanggye hosts one of the main timber processing factories of Chagang province and North Korea. The city has various light industry along with production of construction, electrical and precision machinery. The pencils produced, which are also exported, have 'national significance'. The city also has agricultural, fruit, vegetable and livestock production.[10]
Electricity production
The city has a large number of hydropower plants due to its location near a number of rivers. The first hydropower station in a series of them is called Hungju No.1 Youth Power Station, is located 3.5 km north of Kanggye. It is supported by the Ryongrim dam, which does not have a power station attached to it.[11] This allows a careful management of the water level to ensure efficient operation.[12] This is followed by the Hungju Youth Power Station No. 2 and 3. No.2 was completed in 2007 and No.3 was completed by February 2019, fitted with three generator turbines.[11]
There are also a series of four small scale hydropower plants on the Pukchon river.[13]
Kanggye Timber Processing Factory
Kanggye Timber Processing Factory(강계목재가공공장) is a small state-run factory located in Kanggye City. At the start of operations, it produced only two kinds of furniture (dining tables and sterilized chopsticks) through manual labour. Over time it has developed into a comprehensive modernized furniture producer, producing woodwork with a hundred and dozens of modern facilities in production.
Amongst machinery in use are three- and four-faced automatic planes, all-purpose polishers, joining machines, and grooving saws.
Meanwhile, the factory has directed an effort into the programme of modernizing the drying job, which is an important part of the woodworking process. By making technical innovations (such as replacing a boiler-induced drying process drying ovens and using fuels other than coal) the factory increased production and lowered manpower.[14]
No.26 General Plant
The No.26 factory is the largest underground military facility in Korea. The plant manufactures ammunition which has been exported to Libya, Syria, Iran, Iraq and Egypt. It employs more than 20,000 workers and can produce 126,000 mortar rounds and 1.76 million rounds of rifle ammunition per year. On November 30, 1991, up to a thousand people were allegedly killed after a massive explosion at the plant.[15] South Korean sources put the number of fatalities at six times that amount or more based on the claims of survivors of the incident.[16]
Administrative divisions
Kanggye is divided into 34 tong (neighbourhoods) and two ri (villages):[1]
Neighborhoods (dong)
| MR Name | RR Name | Hangul |
|---|---|---|
| Changja-dong | Jangja-dong | 장자동 |
| Ch'ungsŏng-dong | Chungseong-dong | 충성동 |
| Hyangro-dong | Hyangro-dong | 향로동 |
| Hŭngju-dong | Heungju-dong | 흥주동 |
| Kangsŏ-dong | Gangseo-dong | 강서동 |
| Koyŏng 1-dong | Goyeong 1-dong | 고영1동 |
| Koyŏng 2-dong | Goyeong 2-dong | 고영2동 |
| Konggwi-dong | Gonggwi-dong | 공귀동 |
| Kong'in-dong | Gongin-dong | 공인동 |
| Mansu-dong | Mansu-dong | 만수동 |
| Nammun-dong | Nammun-dong | 남문동 |
| Namsan-dong | Namsan-dong | 남산동 |
| Ryu-dong | Ryu-dong | 류동 |
| Sinmun-dong | Sinmun-dong | 신문동 |
| Sŏsan-dong | Seosan-dong | 서산동 |
| Sŏkcho-dong | Seokjo-dong | 석조동 |
| Sŏkhyŏn-dong | Seokhyeon-dong | 석현동 |
| Such'im-dong | Suchim-dong | 수침동 |
| Taeŭng-dong | Daeung-dong | 대응동 |
| Tŏksan-dong | Doksan-dong | 독산동 |
| Tongbu-dong | Dongbu-dong | 동부동 |
| Tongmun-dong | Dongmun-dong | 동문동 |
| Ŭijin-dong | Uijin-dong | 의진동 |
| Ŭnjŏng-dong | Eunjeong-dong | 은정동 |
| Oeryong-dong | Oeryong-dong | 외룡동 |
| Puch'ang-dong | Buchang-dong | 부창동 |
| Pukmun-dong | Bukmun-dong | 북문동 |
| Rodongja-dong | Rodongja-dong | 로동자동 |
| Yŏnp'ung-dong | Yeonpung-dong | 연풍동 |
| Yŏnsŏk-dong | Yeonseok-dong | 연석동 |
| Yahak-tong | Yahak-dong | 야학동 |
| Yŏnju-dong | Yeonju-dong | 연주동 |
| Namch'ŏn-dong | Namcheon-dong | 남천동 |
| Naeryong-dong | Naeryong-dong | 내룡동 |
Villages (ri)
| MR Name | RR Name | Hangul |
|---|---|---|
| Sinhŭng-ri | Sinheung-ri | 신흥리 |
| Tuhŭng-ri | Duheung-ri | 두흥리 |
Geography
Kanggye gets its name, "river junction," from the Changja River, which flows through the city, and two tributaries. The city is located in a basin, and is hence surrounded by mountains. The main mountain ranges are the Nangnim and Gangnam.[17]
Climate
Kanggye has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwa).
| Climate data for Kanggye (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
38.9 (102.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) |
0.2 (32.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.4 (−1.1) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.8 (−27.0) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−33.9 (−29.0) |
−33.9 (−29.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.1 (0.40) |
11.9 (0.47) |
21.1 (0.83) |
41.8 (1.65) |
74.4 (2.93) |
113.3 (4.46) |
206.9 (8.15) |
168.1 (6.62) |
73.0 (2.87) |
44.5 (1.75) |
31.8 (1.25) |
15.6 (0.61) |
812.5 (31.99) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.8 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 12.2 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 98.9 |
| Average snowy days | 7.8 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 5.9 | 9.7 | 38.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78.3 | 73.6 | 68.6 | 65.3 | 68.4 | 74.7 | 79.2 | 80.3 | 77.3 | 73.8 | 77.0 | 78.6 | 74.6 |
| Source 1: Korea Meteorological Administration[18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (extremes)[19] | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ a b "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ Mossman, Billy (June 29, 2005). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. University Press of the Pacific. p. 51.
- ^ Sandler, Stanley (1999). The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 108.
- ^ Barros, Andrew and Martin Thomas (2018) The Civilianization of War
- ^ Song, Wojun and Joseph Wright (2018) "The North Korean Autocracy in Comparative Perspective" Journal of East Asian Studies 20:2
- ^ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "Kanggye". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
- ^ "강계방송". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ^ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ a b "North Korea's Hydroelectric Power – Part II | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea". 38 North. 2019-08-29. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "《조선의 오늘》". DPRK Today. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "《조선의 오늘》". DPRK Today. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
- ^ "[탐방] 목재가구공장". 통일신문.
- ^ "The Kanggye explosion: a man-made disaster in North Korea - North Korea News". NK News. 12 January 2018.
- ^ "Remembering the Kanggye Tractor Factory incident of 1991". Daily NK / Unification Media Group. 13 February 2020.
- ^ "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "30 years report of Meteorological Observations in North Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. pp. 204, 276, and 343. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
Further reading
- Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5
External links
- City profile of Kanggye Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine