Jumada I
| Jumada I | |
|---|---|
| Native name | جُمَادَى ٱلْأُولَى (Arabic) |
| Calendar | Islamic calendar |
| Month number | 5 |
| Number of days | 29–30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent) |
| Months |
|---|
Jumada I (Arabic: جُمَادَى ٱلْأُولَى, romanized: Jumādā l-ʾŪlā,[a] lit. 'Jumada the First') is the fifth month of the Islamic calendar. Jumada I spans 29 or 30 days. The origin of the month's name is theorized by some as coming from the word jamād (Arabic: جماد), meaning "arid, dry, or cold",[1] denoting the dry and parched land and hence the dry months of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar. Jumādā (Arabic: جُمَادَى) may also be related to a verb meaning "to freeze", and another account relates that water would freeze during this time of year. The secondary name Jumādā l-ʾŪlā may possibly mean "to take charge with, commend, entrust, commit or care during the arid or cold month".[1] However, this explanation is rejected by some as Jumādā al-ʾŪlā is a lunar month that does not coincide with seasons as solar months do.
In Turkish, the name of the month is cemaziyelevvel (from Ottoman Turkish: جمادی الاول, romanized: cemaziyü'l-evvel);[2][3] it was abbreviated as جا ca in Ottoman Turkish.[2][4]
Timing
The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the tropical year, Jumada I migrates backwards throughout the seasons in a cycle of about 33 solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Jumada I are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia:[5])
| AH | First day (CE/AD) | Last day (CE/AD) |
|---|---|---|
| 1446 | 3 November 2024 | 2 December 2024 |
| 1447 | 23 October 2025 | 21 November 2025 |
| 1448 | 12 October 2026 | 10 November 2026 |
| 1449 | 1 October 2027 | 30 October 2027 |
| 1450 | 20 September 2028 | 18 October 2028 |
Islamic events
- On 1 Jumada I 8 AH (September 629), the Battle of Mu'ta took place in the village of the same name (in present-day Jordan), in which the Muslim army (dispatched by Muhammad) fought against the army of the Byzantine Empire and their Ghassanid vassals reportedly in retribution for the murder of a Muslim emissary by a Ghassanid chief, Shurahbil ibn Amr. The battle was won by the Byzantines, and amongst the losses the Muslims incurred were three of the most prominent Companions of Muhammad: Zayd ibn Haritha (his adopted son, known as the fourth person to become a Muslim); Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib (his cousin), and ‘Abd Allah ibn Rawaha (present at the second pledge at al-‘Aqaba), whom Muhammad had specifically appointed to be generals of the Muslim army in the battle, so that if one of them should be killed, the other would take his place.[6]
- On 5 Jumada I, Zaynab bint Ali was born.
- On 8 Jumada I, Amir al-Kulal died. Amir Kulal.
- On 10 Jumada I 11 AH, Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, died in Medina at the young age of 23 years according to Sunni Muslim sources.
- On 13 Jumada I 11 AH, Fatima was buried by her husband Ali.
- On 15 Jumada I, Ali ibn Husayn was born.
- On 20 Jumada I 857, Mehmed II conquered Constantinople.
See also
Notes
- ^ Arabic pronunciation: [d͡ʒuˈmaːda‿lˈʔuːlaː].
References
- ^ a b Günel, Fuat (1993). "CEMÂZİYELEVVEL - An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (in Turkish). Vol. 7 (Cafer es-Sadik - Çiftçilik). p. 319. ISBN 978-97-53-89434-0.
- ^ a b Redhouse, J.W. (1880). REDHOUSE'S TURKISH DICTIONARY. p. 513.
- ^ Youssof, R. (1890). Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs. Constantinople. p. 177.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Youssof, R. (1890). Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs. Constantinople. p. 170.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia
- ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 4261 - Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 2025-11-07.