Juan Manuel Fanjul

The Most Excellent
Attorney General
Juan Manuel Fanjul Sedeño
OSRP
Procurator of Cortes Españolas
(for Madrid)
In office
16 March 1943 – 2 October 1944
PresidentFrancisco Franco
In office
6 November 1967 – 12 November 1971
PresidentFrancisco Franco
Cortes Generales deputy
(for Madrid)
In office
18 October 1977 – 17 January 1978
MonarchJuan Carlos I
Prime MinisterAdolfo Suárez
Spanish Attorney General
In office
13 January 1978 – 14 November 1980
MonarchJuan Carlos I
Prime MinisterAdolfo Suárez
Preceded byEleuterio González Zapatero
(As Attorney General of the Kingdom)
Succeeded byJosé María Gil-Albert
Personal details
Born(1914-11-16)16 November 1914
Melilla, Spain
Died3 February 1989(1989-02-03) (aged 74)
Madrid, Spain
PartySpanish Falange, Falange Española de las JONS, FET y de las JONS, Union of the Democratic Centre
RelativesJoaquín Fanjul (father)
Borja Fanjul (grandson)
Alma materComplutense University of Madrid
OccupationJurist, politician, lawyer, banker

Juan Manuel Fanjul Sedeño (16 November 1914 – 3 February 1989) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, and banker. An active Falangist in his youth, during the Spanish Civil War he served as Deputy Secretary General of the FET y de las JONS. After the Second World War, he served as a member of the Francoist Cortes. Later, however, he moved towards more moderate positions and came into conflict with the regime. After Francisco Franco's death, he was elected to the Constituent Cortes and served as Attorney General of Spain from 1978 to 1980.

Biography

Early years

Fanjul was born in Melilla on November 14, 1914, into a military family. He was the son of General Joaquín Fanjul,[1] a veteran of the Rif War who would play a significant role in the army. Juan Manuel studied law at the Complutense University of Madrid, graduating in 1935.[2] An initial member of José María Albiñana's anti-republican militias,[2] in 1933 he joined the Falange Española.[3] In the early days, he was part of the triumvirate that led the Spanish University Syndicate (SEU) along with Manuel Valdés Larrañaga and Luis Zaragoza,[4][5] and later served as the SEU's leader for Madrid.[6] On several occasions, he acted as a liaison between his father and José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the leader of the Falange.[7][8]

Spanish Civil War

In July 1936, when the coup against the Second Spanish Republic took place, he participated in the Siege of the Montaña Barracks of Madrid with his father Joaquín Fanjul,[9] the leader of the uprising nationalist forces. Wounded during the Republican assault on the barracks, he managed to escape and eventually took refuge in the Chilean embassy.[3][10] A very different fate awaited other members of his family during the war: his father, who had been taken prisoner, was tried for military rebellion, sentenced to death, and executed;[11] his brother José Ignacio, arrested, was murdered in the Cárcel Modelo massacre in Madrid.[12] After spending some time as a refugee in the Chilean embassy, Juan Manuel Fanjul managed to reach the Nationalist-held territory,[13] where he held various positions of responsibility. On May 20, 1938, he was appointed provincial head of FET y de las JONS in A Coruña,[14] replacing Gerardo Salvador Merino.[15] Shortly afterward, during that year, he was appointed deputy general secretary of FET y de las JONS by Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta,[17] becoming one of his collaborators. He held this position until after the end of the war, in August 1939.[18]

Francoist dictatorship

A member of the National Council of FET and JONS,[19] he was also appointed procurator to the Francoist Cortes. In 1943, he was one of the notables who signed a letter addressed to the dictator Francisco Franco, calling for the restoration of the monarchy in the person of Prince Juan de Borbón. Franco, however, took no action in this regard; on the contrary, Fanjul would eventually be expelled from the single party and the "Old Guard".[20]

Although marginalized from the political sphere, he continued to be somewhat active: in the 1954 municipal elections, he was a candidate for the Madrid City Council for the so-called "Independent Candidacy",[21] along with Torcuato Luca de Tena, Joaquín Calvo Sotelo, and Joaquín Satrústegui; this candidacy was boycotted by the regime and ultimately failed to gain ground against the official candidates, obtaining only 17% of the vote.[22] In 1967, he ran in Madrid as an independent candidate in the elections to choose representatives to the Cortes for the Family Third. He obtained 130,993 votes, winning a seat as a representative.[23] At the end of the 1960s, he was part of the group of contributors to the newspaper Madrid, which had a more open-minded approach.[24]

A recognized monarchist "Juanist",[25] he was a member of the Privy Council of the Count of Barcelona between 1962 and 1969.[26]

Post-Francoist era

A member of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), he was elected to Parliament in the 1977 elections for the Madrid constituency.[27][28]

The Suárez government appointed him Attorney General of the State, a position he held between 1978 and 1980.[29]

He died in Madrid on February 3, 1989.[3]

Distinctions

Works

  • The civil liability of professionals. Madrid, 1960.
  • The reform of the capitalist enterprise. Madrid, 1967.
  • 158 Supreme Court Judgments. Madrid, 1973.

Bibliography

  • Alcoba López, Antonio (2002). Auge y ocaso de El Frente de Juventudes. Editorial San Martín.
  • Bardavío, Joaquín; Sinova, Justino (2000). Todo Franco. Franquismo y antifranquismo de la A a la Z. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés.
  • Barreiro Carballal, Carlos (2014). Luchas de ayer, disputas de hoy y desafíos de mañana. Cultiva Libros.
  • Casals, Xavier (2005). Franco y los Borbones. La corona de España y sus pretendientes. Planeta.
  • Castellanos López, José Antonio (2014). Quién fue quién en la transición en Castilla-La Mancha (1977-1982). Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. ISBN 978-84-9044-119-0.
  • Díaz, Onésimo; de Meer, Fernando (2010). Rafael Calvo Serer: La búsqueda de la libertad (1954-1988). Madrid: Rialp. ISBN 978-84-321-3833-1.
  • Fernández, Carlos (2000). Alzamiento y guerra civil en Galicia (1936-1939). Vol. II. Ediciós do Castro.
  • Figuero, Javier (1981). UCD: La empresa que creó Adolfo Suárez. Grijalbo.
  • Garay Vera, Cristián (2000). Relaciones Tempestuosas: Chile y España 1936-1940. Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
  • García Venero, Maximiano (1967). El general Fanjul. Madrid en el Alzamiento Nacional. Ediciones Cid.
  • Gómez Pérez, Rafael (1988). El franquismo y la Iglesia. Madrid: Ediciones Rialp. ISBN 84-321-2343-9.
  • González Madrid, Damián-Alberto (2007). Los hombres de la dictadura. Personal político franquista en Castilla-La Mancha, 1939-1945. Almud.
  • Jerez Riesco, José Luis (2006). El Madrid de la Falange. Nueva República.
  • Lizcano, Pablo (2006). La Generación del 56. La Universidad contra Franco. Saber y Comunicación.
  • López Villaverde, Ángel Luis (1997). Cuenca durante la II República: elecciones, partidos y vida política, 1931-1936. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
  • Menéndez, Manuel Ángel; Fontes, Ignacio (2002). Quién es quién: sus señorías los diputados. Foca.
  • Montoliú, Pedro (2000). Madrid en la guerra civil: La historia. Madrid: Sílex. ISBN 84-7737-072-9.
  • Moral, Antonio M. (2008). Diplomacia, humanitarismo y espionaje en la Guerra Civil española. Biblioteca Nueva.
  • Pascual, Pedro (1986). Partidos politicos y constitucionales en España. Fragua.
  • Platón, Miguel (1998). Alfonso XIII: de Primo de Rivera a Franco. La tentación autoritaria de la Monarquía. Plaza & Janés.
  • Romero Salvadó, Francisco J. (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8009-2.
  • Ruiz, Julius (2014) [2012]. The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05454-7.
  • Thomàs, Joan Maria (1999). Lo que fue la Falange. La Falange y los falangistas de José Antonio, Hedilla y la Unificación. Franco y el fin de la Falange Española de las JONS. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés.
  • Thomàs, Joan Maria (2001). La Falange de Franco: fascismo y fascistización en el régimen franquista, 1937-1945. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés.

References

  1. ^ Platón 1998, p. 586n.
  2. ^ a b Menéndez & Fontes 2002, p. 272.
  3. ^ a b c Bardavío & Sinova 2000, p. 250.
  4. ^ Thomàs 1999, p. 72.
  5. ^ Lizcano 2006, p. 36.
  6. ^ Jerez Riesco 2006, p. 150.
  7. ^ García Venero 1967, p. 187.
  8. ^ López Villaverde 1997, p. 291.
  9. ^ Montoliú 2000, p. 63.
  10. ^ Garay Vera 2000, p. 153.
  11. ^ Romero Salvadó 2013, p. 129.
  12. ^ Ruiz 2014, p. 166.
  13. ^ Moral 2008, p. 153.
  14. ^ Fernández 2000, p. 1045.
  15. ^ Thomàs 2001, pp. 194.
  16. ^ Thomàs 2001, pp. 92, 96.
  17. ^ El «camisa vieja» Julián Pemartín Sanjuán también ejerció simultáneamente como vicesecretario de FET y de las JONS.[16]
  18. ^ Thomàs 2001, p. 92.
  19. ^ González Madrid 2007, p. 129.
  20. ^ Thomàs 2001, p. 324.
  21. ^ Alcoba López 2002, p. 161.
  22. ^ Gómez Pérez 1988, p. 37.
  23. ^ Castellanos López 2014, p. 179.
  24. ^ Díaz & de Meer 2010, p. 207.
  25. ^ Casals 2005, p. 327.
  26. ^ Barreiro Carballal 2014, p. 93.
  27. ^ Figuero 1981, p. 185.
  28. ^ Pascual 1986, p. 196.
  29. ^ Figuero 1981, p. 109.
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