John of Debar

John of Debar (Bulgarian: Йоан Дебърски; fl. 1018–1037) was an 11th-century Bulgarian clergyman.[1][2][3] He was a bishop under Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria.[4] According to Srđan Pirivatrić he became the last Bulgarian patriarch David in 1016.[5] He remained in office, becoming the first Archbishop of Ohrid, after the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire to Byzantium.[6] When in 1018 Emperor Basil II managed to conquer Bulgaria, he issued a decree to downgrade the Patriarchate of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church to the Archbishopric of Ohrid, which remained autocephalous and corresponded to the newly formed theme of Bulgaria. John was chosen to be the first Archbishop of Ohrid by Basil II.[7][8] According to 17th-century French historian Charles du Fresne, John was born in a village around the town of Debar in modern North Macedonia and had been a hegumen in a Debar monastery.[9] Per Bulgarian historian Ivan Snegarov, he was born in the village Agnoandnika in the region of Debar.[2] He remained head of the Archbishopric until his death in 1037.[7]

John of Debar is canonized as a saint by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as Saint David of Bulgaria and is commemorated on June 26.[10]

References and notes

  1. ^ C. T. Allmand, David Abulafia, Rosamond McKitterick, 1995, Cambridge University Press, The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, C.1024-c.1198, Part 2. p. 263.
  2. ^ a b Снегаров, Иван. История на Охридската архиепископия, т.1. Второ фототипно издание. София, Академично издателство "Марин Дринов", 1995, [1924]. с. 195.
  3. ^ Eduard Mühle, 2023. Slavs in the Middle Ages Between Idea and Reality. Brill, ISBN 9789004536746, p. 163.
  4. ^ The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0472081497, p. 199.
  5. ^ Пириватрић, Ср. Бугарски патријарх и архиепископ Јован. Почеци манастирске кнјижевности у Охридској Архиепископији. Годишник на Софийския университет, Център за славяно-византийски проучвания „Иван Дуйчев", 13, 2004, стр. 3-5.
  6. ^ Пириватрич, Сърджан. Самуиловата държава. Обхват и характер. София, Издателска група "АГАТА-А", 2000. ISBN 954-540-020-X, с. 197, 233-234
  7. ^ a b McKitterick, Rosamond; Abulafia, David; Allmand, C. T. ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, C.1024-c.1198, Part 2, Cambridge University Press, 1995, ISBN 9780521414111, pp. 263–265.
  8. ^ Nicolas Oikonomides; Elizabeth Zachariadou, Social and Economic Life in Byzantium, Taylor & Francis, 2013, ISBN 9781000946642, p. 318.
  9. ^ Charles du Fresne, sieur Du Cange (1680). Historia Byzantina duplici commentario (in Latin). Paris: Louis Billaine. pp. 174–175.
  10. ^ "Saint David of Bulgaria". Retrieved 2024-06-26.
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