Jasagh
A jasagh (Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ засаг; Manchu: ᠵᠠᠰᠠᡴ jasak; Chinese: 札薩克; lit. 'power,' 'authority'), or jasagh noyan (Mongolian: засаг ноён), was the head of a Mongol banner or khoshun during the Qing dynasty and the Bogd Khanate.[1] The position was held by hereditary succession by certain Mongol princes or Taijis, most of whom were descendants of Genghis Khan. The princes who did not serve as Jasagh were known as sula (сул; 閒散 - lit. empty, idle) or hohi taiji (хохь тайж).
Ranks of jasaghs
During Qing dynasty and Bogd Khaganate, the Mongolian prince had six numbered ranks. The titles were the same as those used by members of the Manchu nobility:
- Chin Wang (Чин ван, 親王) - Prince of the First Rank
- Giyün Wang (Жүн ван, 郡王) - Prince of the Second Rank
- Beile (Бэйл, 貝勒) - Prince of the Third Rank
- Beis (Бэйс, 貝子) - Prince of the Fourth Rank
- Tushiye Gong (Түшээ гүн, 鎭國公) - Prince of the Fifth Rank
- Tusalagchi Gong (Туслагч гүн, 輔國公) - Prince of the Sixth Rank
The Mongol noble who served as Jasagh but did not hold the prince or khan titles were called noyan taiji (ноён тайж).
List of jasaghs
Most of jasaghs were under prince, first-rank taiji (Terigun Zereg-un Taiji) or first-rank tabunang (Terigun Zereg-un Tabunang) title. Sula princes are not list here.
Mongols of the Outer Vassals
Inner Jasagh Mongolia
Jirem
The Jirem chuulgan (Жиримийн чуулган, 哲里木盟) consisted of four tribes: Khorchin, Jalaids, Eastern Dörbet and Gorlos.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horqin Right Middle Banner (Tüsheet Banner) |
1626 | Ooba | Jasagh, "Tüsheet" Chin Wang | |
| Horqin Left Middle Banner (Darhan Banner) |
1636 | Manjusiri | Jasagh, "Darhan" Chin Wang | |
| Horqin Right Front Banner (Zasagtu Banner) |
1636 | Bodači | Jasagh, "Zasagtu" Giyün Wang | |
| Horqin Left Front Banner (Bingtu Banner) |
1636 | Qongɣor | Jasagh, "Bingtu" Giyün Wang | |
| Horqin Left Rear Banner (Bodlogotoi Banner) |
1636 | Dungqur | Jasagh, "Bodlogotoi" Chin Wang | |
| Horqin Right Rear Banner | 1636 | Lamasiki | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Jalaid Banner | 1648 | Mongqon | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Dorbod Banner | 1636 | Sereng | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Gorlos Front Banner | 1648 | Bomba | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Gorlos Rear Banner | 1636 | Gümü | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong |
Josutu
The Josutu chuulgan (Зостын чуулган, 卓索圖盟) consisted of two tribes: Kharchin and Tumed.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harqin Right Wing Banner | 1635 | Gürüskib | Jasagh, "Düreng" Chin Wang | |
| Harqin Left Wing Banner | 1635 | Sereng | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Harqin Middle Banner | 1635 | Gerel | Jasagh, First Rank Tabunang | |
| Tumed Left Wing Banner | 1635 | Šamba | Jasagh, "Darhan" Beile | |
| Tumed Right Wing Banner | 1648 | Gümü | Jasagh, Beis |
Ju Ud
The Ju Ud chuulgan (Зуу Удын чуулган, 昭烏達盟) consisted of eight tribes: Aohans, Naimans, Baarins, Jaruud, Ar Horqin, Onnigud, Khishigten and Khalkha Left Wing.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aohan Banner (as Aohan Left Banner after 1910) |
1636 | Bandi | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | Aohan Banner was divided into Aohan Left Banner and Aohan Right Banner in 1910. |
| Aohan Right Banner | 1648 | Sonom Düreng | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | Sonom Düreng was granted the title Giyün Wang posthumously. His son Majiɣ was de facto the first ruler. The princes did not serve as Jasagh until the establishment of the Aohan Right Banner in 1910. |
| Naiman Banner | 1636 | Günčoɣ | Jasagh, "Darhan" Giyün Wang | |
| Bairin Right Wing Banner | 1648 | Sebten | Jasagh, Giyün Wang (honorary Chin Wang ranked) | |
| Bairin Left Wing Banner | 1648 | Manjusiri | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Jarud Left Wing Banner | 1648 | Neyiči | Jasagh, Beile | Neyiči was granted the title Beile posthumously. His son Šangɣijab was de facto the first ruler. |
| Jarud Right Wing Banner | 1648 | Seben | Jasagh, "Darhan" Beile | Seben was granted the title Darhan Beile posthumously. His son Sangɣar was de facto the first ruler. |
| Ar Horqin Banner | 1644 | Mojang | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Ongniud Left Wing Banner | 1636 | Sün Düreng | Jasagh, "Düreng" Giyün Wang | |
| Ongniud Right Wing Banner | 1636 | Düng Dayičing | Jasagh, "Darhan Dayičing" Beile | |
| Hexigten Banner | 1652 | Sonom | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khalkha Left Wing Banner | 1664 | Gümbu Ilden | Jasagh, Beile |
Xilingol
The Xilingol chuulgan (Шилийн голын чуулган, 錫林郭勒盟) consisted of five tribes: Üzemchin, Khuuchid, Sunud, Abaga and Abaganar.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ujimqin Right Wing Banner | 1641 | Dorji | Jasagh, "Setsen" Chin Wang | |
| Ujimqin Left Wing Banner | 1646 | Sereng | Jasagh, "Erdeni" Beile | |
| Khuuchid Left Wing Banner | 1646 | Bolod | Jasagh, "Erdeni" Giyün Wang | |
| Khuuchid Right Wing Banner | 1653 | Garm-a Sevang | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Sonid Left Wing Banner | 1641 | Tanggis | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Sonid Right Wing Banner | 1642 | Seusa | Jasagh, "Düreng" Giyün Wang | |
| Abag Left Wing Banner | 1651 | Düsker | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Abag Right Wing Banner | 1789 | Baldan Sereng | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Abaganar Right Wing Banner | 1667 | Sereng Mergen | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Abaganar Left Wing Banner | 1665 | Düng Israb | Jasagh, Beis |
Ulanqhab
The Ulanqhab chuulgan (Улаанцавын чуулган, 烏蘭察布盟) consisted of four tribes: Dorbod (Siziwang), Muumyangan, Urad and Khalkha Right Wing.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dorbod Banner | 1636 | Ombu | Jasagh, "Jorigtü" Giyün Wang | |
| Muminggan Banner | 1664 | Sengge | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Urad Rear Wing Banner | 1648 | Tuba | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Urad Front Wing Banner | 1648 | Üban | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Urad Middle Banner | 1648 | Baɣbaqai | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Khalkha Right Wing Banner | 1653 | Bontar | Jasagh, "Darhan" Beile |
Ih Ju
The Ih Ju chuulgan (Их Зуугийн чуулган, 伊克昭盟) consisted of one tribe: Ordos.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordos Left Wing Middle Banner (Giyün Wang Banner) |
1649 | Erinčen | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner (Otog Banner) |
1650 | Šandan | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Ordos Right Wing Rear Banner (Hanggin Banner) |
1649 | J̌amsu the Younger (Baɣ-a J̌amsu) |
Jasagh, Beis | |
| Ordos Left Wing Rear Banner (Dalad Banner) |
1649 | Šaɣja | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Ordos Right Wing Front Banner (Uxin Banner) |
1649 | Erinčin | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Ordos Left Wing Front Banner (Jungar Banner) |
1649 | Sereng | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Ordos Right Wing Front Bottom Banner (Jasagh Banner) |
1731 | Dingdzaraši | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Outer Jasagh Mongolia
Khan Uul (Tüsheet Khan)
The Khan Uulyn chuulgan (Хан уулын чуулган) consisted of one tribe: Tüsheet Khan.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tüsheet Khan Banner[2] | 1691 | Čaqundorji | "Tüsheet" Khan | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Middle Banner (Mergen zasg Banner[3]) |
1691 | Gürüsiki | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Banner (Darkhan zasg Banner[4]) |
1691 | Kaldandorji | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Left Banner (Erdene daiching zasg Banner[5]) |
1691 | Čemčuɣnamjal | Jasagh, Chin Wang | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Right Banner (Zorigt zasg Banner[6]) |
1691 | Sidisiri | Jasagh, Chin Wang | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Left Bottom Banner (Baatar zasg Banner[7]) |
1691 | Sibdüi Qatan Batur | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Left Middle Bottom Banner (Setsen zasg Banner[8]) |
1711 | Čerimbal | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Right Bottom Banner (Ilden zasg Banner[9]) |
1731 | Baqai | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Left Banner (Üizen zasg Banner[10]) |
1753 | Sandaɣdorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji (honorary Gong ranked) | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Rear Banner (Tüsheet zasg Banner[11]) |
1693 | Litar | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Front Banner (Bishrelt zasg Banner[12]) |
1691 | Balang | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Right Banner (Dalai zasg Banner[13]) |
1691 | Banjurdorji | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Right Bottom Banner (Süjigt zasg Banner[14]) |
1719 | Čempildorji | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Bottom Banner (Achit zasg Banner[15]) |
1691 | Čering | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Left Wing Bottom Banner (Erdene zasg Banner[16]) |
1694 | Čerinjab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Right Bottom Side Banner (Akhai zasg Banner[17]) |
1696 | Čingdorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Right Side Banner (Daichin zasg Banner[18]) |
1697 | Kayimčoɣ | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Middle Side Banner (Tsogtoi zasg Banner[19]) |
1719 | Čenggünjab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Right Wing Left Rear Banner (Jonon zasg Banner[20]) |
1730 | Püsuɣrabtan | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Tüsheet Khan Left Wing Middle Left Banner (Eyetei zasg Banner[21]) |
1732 | Sundub | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Kherlen Bars Khotod (Sechen Khan)
The Kherlen Bars Khotod chuulgan (Хэрлэн Барс хотод чуулган) consisted of one tribe: Sechen Khan.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sechen Khan Banner[22] | 1691 | Ümekei | "Sechen" Khan | |
| Sechen Khan Left Middle Banner (Darkhan zasg Banner[23]) |
1691 | Namjal | Jasagh, Chin Wang | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Right Banner (Ilden zasg Banner[24]) |
1691 | Püngsuɣ | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Middle Banner (Setsen zasg Banner[25]) |
1691 | Čebten | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Left Banner (Erdeni Dalai zasg Banner[26]) |
1691 | Bodajab | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Bottom Banner (Bishrelt zasg Banner[27]) |
1691 | Dari | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Rear Banner (Jonon zasg Banner[28]) |
1691 | Čebten | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Front Banner (Chin achit zasg Banner[29]) |
1691 | Ananda | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Sechen Khan Left Wing Front Banner (Erkhemseg zasg Banner[30]) |
1691 | Čebten | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Middle Right Banner (Akhai zasg Banner[31]) |
1711 | Čeringvangbu | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Sechen Khan Left Wing Rear Banner (Yost zasg Banner[32]) |
1691 | Čeringdasi | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Middle Front Banner (Zorigt zasg Banner[33]) |
1754 | Čeringdoyod | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Left Wing Rear Bottom Banner (Üizen zasg Banner[34]) |
1711 | Dorjidaši | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji (honorary Gong ranked) | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Rear Banner (Khurts zasg Banner[35]) |
1691 | Gürüjab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Front Banner (Mergen zasg Banner[36]) |
1691 | Serengdasi | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Left Front Banner (Saruul zasg Banner[37]) |
1697 | Günčoɣ | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Bottom Side Banner (Daichin zasg Banner[38]) |
1695 | Taulai | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Right Rear Banner (Dalai darkhan zasg Banner[39]) |
1697 | Lobdzang | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Left Wing Right Banner (Süjigt zasg Banner[40]) |
1701 | Čoyijamsu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Left Wing Left Banner (Erdene zasg Banner[41]) |
1696 | Erdeni | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Left Banner (Sergelen zasg Banner[42]) |
1701 | Gendün | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Right Wing Middle Left Banner (Baatar zasg Banner[43]) |
1713 | Čoyinjur | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sechen Khan Middle Bottom Right Banner (Erkh zasg Banner[44]) |
1735 | Wangjaljab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Binderiyaa Nuur (Zasagt Khan)
The Zag Golyn Ekh Binderiyaa Nuuryn chuulgan (Заг голын эх Биндэръяа нуурын чуулган) consisted of one tribe: Zasagt Khan.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zasagt Khan Middle Banner | 1691 | Tsëvangjab | "Zasagt" Khan | Zasagt Khan Middle Banner was merged into the Zasagt Khan Right Wing Left Banner in 1732 |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Left Banner (Zasagt Khan Banner[45]) |
1691 | Püsuɣrabtan | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | Since 1732 the ruler of Zasagt Khan Right Wing Left Banner concurrently held the title of Zasagt Khan. |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Left Wing Left Banner (Erdene düüregch zasg Banner[46]) |
1691 | Gendün | Jasagh, Beile (honorary Giyün Wang ranked) | |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Right Banner (Erdene zasg Banner[47]) |
1691 | Jodba | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Right Banner (Ilden zasg Banner[48]) |
1691 | Böbei | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Rear Banner (Jonon zasg Banner[49]) |
1691 | Sonom Isijab | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Front Banner (Chin achit zasg Banner[50]) |
1691 | Günjan | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Right Wing Bottom Banner (Daichin zasg Banner[51]) |
1714 | Tongmoɣ | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Right Bottom Banner (Dalai zasg Banner[52]) |
1724 | Šaɣja | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Left Wing Right Banner (Mergen zasg Banner[53]) |
1756 | Čibaɣjab | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | Čibaɣjab was granted the title Tusalagchi Gong posthumously. His son Batujirɣal was de facto the first ruler. |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Middle Banner (Üizen zasg Banner[54]) |
1728 | Rabtan | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Rear Banner (Baatar zasg Banner[55]) |
1691 | Erdeni Gümbu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Front Banner (Yost zasg Banner[56]) |
1691 | Urjan | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Right Wing Rear Bottom Banner (Bishrelt zasg Banner[57]) |
1697 | Qamar Dayičing | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Right Wing Bottom Side Banner (Tsogtoi zasg Banner[58]) |
1709 | Namarindzangbu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Rear Bottom Banner (Zorigt zasg Banner[59]) |
1726 | Idamjab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Left Wing Bottom Banner (Akhai zasg Banner[60]) |
1757 | Dasipongsuɣ | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Middle Right Wing Left Banner (Darkhan zasg Banner[61]) |
1755 | Pürbüčering | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Zasagt Khan Left Wing Left Banner (Setsen zasg Banner[62]) |
1691 | Sereng Aqai | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Khoid Banner (Süjigt zasg Banner[63]) |
1755 | Kaldandarja | Jasagh, Olot First Rank Taiji |
Tsetserleg (Sain Noyon Khan)
The Tsetserlegiin chuulgan (Цэцэрлэгийн чуулган) consisted of one tribe: Sain Noyon Khan.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sain Noyon Banner (Sain Noyon Khan Banner[64]) |
1691 | Šamba | "Sain Noyon" khan | The princes were granted the title of Chin Wang during Qing dynasty. The princes were promoted to khan after the Mongolian Revolution of 1911. |
| Sain Noyon Middle Left Bottom Banner (Setsen zasg Banner[65]) |
1721 | Tsëring | Jasagh, Chin Wang | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Right Banner (Daichin zasg Banner[66]) |
1751 | Čebtenjab | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Left Banner (Dalai zasg Banner[67]) |
1691 | Gümbu | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Right Rear Banner (Erdene zasg Banner[68]) |
1691 | Todo Erdeni | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Front Banner (Ilden zasg Banner[69]) |
1691 | Südai Ilden | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Sain Noyon Left Wing Left Banner (Jonon zasg Banner[70]) |
1692 | Wangšuɣ | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Front Banner (Saruul zasg Banner[71]) |
1691 | Ayusi | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Middle Left Banner (Üizen zasg Banner[72]) |
1707 | Čeringdasi | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Rear Banner (Khoshuuch mergen zasg Banner[73]) |
1712 | Norbujab | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Left Wing Middle Banner (Erkh zasg Banner[74]) |
1754 | Čivangdorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji (honorary Gong ranked) | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Bottom Banner (Itgemjit zasg Banner[75]) |
1692 | Ariy-a | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Bottom Banner (Tsogtoi zasg Banner[76]) |
1691 | Tuba | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Sain Noyon Left Wing Right Banner (Yost zasg Banner[77]) |
1691 | Danjin Erdeni | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Rear Banner (Mergen zasg Banner[78]) |
1692 | Samjid | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Right Wing Bottom Banner (Achit zasg Banner[79]) |
1696 | Idam | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Left Wing Left Bottom Banner (Tüsheet zasg Banner[80]) |
1696 | Namjal | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Middle Right Banner (Zorigt zasg Banner[81]) |
1696 | Šarü Ildüči | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Left Bottom Banner (Akhai zasg Banner[82]) |
1697 | Sudani | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Middle Rear Bottom Banner (Eyetei zasg Banner[83]) |
1712 | Jinamida | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Right Wing Middle Bottom Banner (Darkhan zasg Banner[84]) |
1712 | Dorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Sain Noyon Right Bottom Banner (Baatar zasg Banner[85]) |
1738 | Emegen | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Olot Front Banner (Bishrelt zasg Banner[86]) |
1702 | Arabtan | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Olot Banner (Süjigt zasg Banner[87]) |
1697 | Danjil-a | Jasagh, Beis |
Qing dynasty governed directly jasagh
Governed directly by Lifan Yuan during Qing dynasty.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alxan Olot Banner | 1697 | Qoruli | Jasagh, Chin Wang | Alxan Olot Mongols. Governed directly by Lifan Yuan and commanded by Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. |
| Khoshut West Top Banner |
1701 | Čaɣan Danjin | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | Qinghai Khoshut Mongols. Commanded by Minister of Xining Handling Affairs (Xining Amban). |
| Khoshut South Right Wing Middle Banner |
1720 | Arabtanjamsu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | Qinghai Khoshut Mongols. Commanded by Minister of Xining Handling Affairs (Xining Amban). |
| Khoshut South Left Wing Middle Banner |
1731 | Čaɣan Rabtan | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | Qinghai Khoshut Mongols. Commanded by Minister of Xining Handling Affairs (Xining Amban). |
| Khoshut South Left Wing Side Banner |
1746 | Čeringdorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | Qinghai Khoshut Mongols. Commanded by Minister of Xining Handling Affairs (Xining Amban). Abolished and merged into Khoshut Front Left Wing Top Banner in 1806. |
| Torghut South Front Banner |
1731 | Darja | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | Qinghai Torghut. Commanded by Minister of Xining Handling Affairs (Xining Amban). |
| Shin Khoshut Banner | 1771 | Buyankhishig | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | Bulgan Khoshut. Governed directly by Lifan Yuan and commanded by Khovd Ministerial Attache (Khovd Amban). |
Qinghai Left Wing
Qinghai Left Wing (Чинхайн зүүн гарын чуулган, 青海左翼盟), established in 1823, consisted of ten banners of Khoshut and two banners of Torghut. These banners were governed directly by Lifan Yuan and commanded by Viceroy of Shaan-Gan before 1823.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khoshut West Front Banner | 1703 | Tsëvangrabtan | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Khoshut West Rear Banner | 1716 | Dayan | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Khoshut North Left Wing Banner | 1711 | Sonomdasi | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Khoshut South Right Wing Bottom Banner | 1711 | Lobdzangdarja | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut South Left Wing Rear Banner | 1671 | Kaldandasi | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Khoshut South Right Wing Rear Banner | 1723 | Sonomdasi | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut North Front Banner | 1711 | Čering | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Khoshut North Right Bottom Banner | 1725 | Damarinsebten | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut North Left Bottom Banner | 1725 | Isiduljab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Torghut West Banner | 1725 | Seterbom | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Torghut South Rear Banner | 1724 | Danjung | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut West Right Wing Middle Banner | 1725 | Čeringnamjal | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Qinghai Right Wing
Qinghai Right Wing (Чинхайн баруун гарын чуулган, 青海右翼盟), established in 1823, consisted of Khoshut 7 banners, Choros, Khoid 1 banner, Torghut 1 banner and Khalkha 1 banner. These banners were governed directly by Lifan Yuan and commanded by Viceroy of Shaan-Gan before 1823.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choros South Right Wing Top Banner | 1703 | Sebtenjal | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Khoshut Front Left Wing Top Banner | 1704 | Gümbu | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Khoshut South Left Wing Bottom Banner | 1698 | Namjal | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut North Right Wing Banner | 1723 | Čeringdondub | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Choros North Middle Banner | 1716 | Arabtan | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Khoid South Banner | 1725 | Güngge | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Khoshut West Right Wing Front Banner | 1725 | Arabtan | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut West Left Wing Rear Banner | 1725 | Qarɣas | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut East Upper Banner | 1725 | Jab | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khoshut West Right Wing Rear Banner | 1725 | Sebten Bošoɣtu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Torghut South Middle Banner | 1725 | Sonomrabtandorji | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Khalkha South Right Wing Banner | 1765 | Dasidondob | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Sain Jayaatu Left Wing
Sain Jayaatu Left Wing (Сайн заяатын зүүн гарын чуулган) consisted of 11 banners of Dörbet Oirat and 1 banner of Khoid.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left Wing Dörbet Banner (Dörbet Dalai Khan Banner[88]) |
1754 | Čering | "Tegüs Khüleg Dalai" khan | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Banner (Erkh zasg Banner[89]) |
1754 | Čering Möngke | Jasagh, Giyün Wang | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Left Banner (Daichin zasg Banner[90]) |
1754 | Sebten | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Upper Banner (Jonon zasg Banner[91]) |
1754 | Masibatu | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Front Right Banner (Üizen zasg Banner[92]) |
1754 | Banjur | Jasagh, Beis | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Rear Banner (Setsen zasg Banner[93]) |
1754 | Batumöngke | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Front Banner (Saruul zasg Banner[94]) |
1754 | Kang | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Lower Banner (Erdene zasg Banner[95]) |
1754 | Dasidondoɣ | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Rear Left Banner (Mergen zasg Banner[96]) |
1754 | Güngsir-a | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Front Left Banner (Eyetei zasg Banner[97]) |
1754 | Ebügen | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Left Wing Dörbet Middle Rear Right Banner (Khurts zasg Banner[98]) |
1754 | Bar | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Left Wing Khoid Lower Rear Banner (Baatar zasg Banner[99]) |
1755 | Damarin | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Sain Jayaatu Right Wing
Sain Jayaatu Right Wing (Сайн заяатын баруун гарын чуулган) consisted of 3 banners of Dörbet Oirat and 1 banner of Khoid.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right Wing Dörbet Front Banner (Ünen zorigt khan Banner[100]) |
1754 | Čering Ubaši | Jasagh, Chin Wang | |
| Right Wing Dörbet Front Right Banner (Bishrelt zasg Banner[101]) |
1754 | Kangdorji | Jasagh, Beile | |
| Right Wing Dörbet Middle Front Banner (Yeröölt zasg Banner[102]) |
1754 | Gendün | Jasagh, Tushiye Gong | |
| Right Wing Khoid Lower Front Banner (Süjigt zasg Banner[103]) |
1755 | Lobdzang | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Ünen süsegtiin dornod zam (Ili Eastern Route Old Torghut)
Ünen süsegtiin dornod zamyn chuulgan (Үнэн сүсэгтийн дорнод замын чуулган) also known as Ili Eastern Route (伊犁東路), consisted of 2 banners of Jargalang Torghut (a subgroup of Old Torghut).
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ili Eastern Route Old Torghut Right Banner | 1771 | Bambar | Jasagh, "Bisireltu" Giyün Wang | |
| Ili Eastern Route Old Torghut Left Banner | 1771 | Čibten | Jasagh, "Itegel" Beis |
Ünen süsegtiin örnöd zam (Ili Western Route Old Torghut)
Ünen süsegtiin örnöd zamyn chuulgan (Үнэн сүсэгтийн өрнөд замын чуулган), also known as Ili Western Route (伊犁西路), consisted of 1 banner of Jing Torghut (a subgroup of Old Torghut).
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ili Western Route Old Torghut Banner | 1771 | Momontu | Jasagh, "Jargalang" Beile |
Ünen süsegtiin ömnöd zam (Ili Southern Route Old Torghut)
Ünen süsegtiin ömnöd zamyn chuulgan (Үнэн сүсэгтийн өмнөд замын чуулган), also known as Ili Southern Route (伊犁南路), consisted of 4 banners of Yulduz Torghut (a subgroup of Old Torghut).
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ili Southern Route Old Torghut Banner (Jorigtü Khan Banner) |
1771 | Ubaši | Jasagh, "Jorigtü" khan | |
| Ili Southern Route Old Torghut Middle Banner | 1771 | Emegen Ubaši | Jasagh, "Bayar" beis | |
| Ili Southern Route Old Torghut Right Banner | 1771 | Bayijiqu | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong | |
| Ili Southern Route Old Torghut Left Banner | 1771 | Ber Qašiq-a | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Ünen süsegtiin umard zam (Ili Northern Route Old Torghut)
Ünen süsegtiin umard zamyn chuulgan (Үнэн сүсэгтийн умард замын чуулган), also known as Ili Northern Route (伊犁北路), consisted of 3 banners of Hoboksar Torghut (a subgroup of Old Torghut).
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ili Northern Route Old Torghut Banner | 1771 | Tsëbegdorji | Jasagh, "Buyantu" Chin Wang | |
| Ili Northern Route Old Torghut Right Banner | 1785 | Günggečering | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji (honorary Gong ranked) | |
| Ili Northern Route Old Torghut Left Banner | 1785 | Aɣsaqal | Jasagh, Tusalagchi Gong |
Chin setgelt (New Torghut)
Chin setgeltiin chuulgan (Чин сэтгэлтийн чуулган) consisted of 2 banners of New Torghut.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jargalang Torghut Right Banner | 1771 | Šereng | Jasagh, "Biligtü" Giyün Wang | |
| Jargalang Torghut Left Banner | 1771 | Šar-a Köken | Jasagh, "Učaraltu" Beis |
Bat setgelt
Bat setgeltiin chuulgan (Бат сэтгэлтийн чуулган) consisted of 4 banners of Khoshut.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ili Middle Route Khoshut Banner | 1771 | Güngge | Jasagh, "Tüsheet" Beile | Abolished in 1797 |
| Ili Middle Route Khoshut Middle Banner | 1771 | Yarimpil | Jasagh, "Amurlinggui" Beis | |
| Ili Middle Route Khoshut Right Banner | 1771 | Noqai | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji | |
| Ili Middle Route Khoshut Left Banner | 1775 | Bayarlaqu | Jasagh, First Rank Taiji |
Tibet
All of Tibetan Jasagh were granted honorably.
| Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1721 | Polhané Sönam Topgyé | honorary Jasagh ranked, Giyün Wang[104] | the prince Gyurme Namgyal revolted against Qing dynasty in 1749. The title was abolished in the next year. |
| 1730 | Gyurme Tseten (Jürmed Čebten) |
honorary Jasagh ranked, Tusalagchi Gong[104] | Gyurme Tseten was a son of Polhané Sönam Topgyé |
| 1729 | Sampho Sonam Dargye (Sonomdarja) |
honorary Jasagh ranked, First Rank Taiji[104] | Sonam Dargye was the father of 7th Dalai Lama |
| 1728 | Noyan Qosooči | honorary Jasagh ranked, First Rank Taiji[104] | |
| 1728 | Dokhar Tsering Wanggyel (Čeringvangjal) |
honorary Jasagh ranked, First Rank Taiji[104] | Dokhar Tsering Wanggyel had served as Kalön from 1728 to 1736. |
Altishahr
Altishahr (Turki Muslim major area in Xinjiang), two of six princes served as Jasagh.
| Banner | Established | First ruler | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kumul Khanate | 1697 | Abdullah Beg | "Kumul" Jasagh, Tarkhan of the First Rank | Muslim banner, held a title of Prince of the First Rank. |
| Turpan | 1758 | Emin Khoja | "Turpan" Jasagh, Giyün Wang | Muslim banner, held a title of Prince of the Second Rank. |
Notes
- ^ "Jasagh Lama – Columbia tibetan studies". 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
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- ^ "Эрдэнэ дайчин засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ "Зоригт засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2019-08-25. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ "Баатар засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ "Сэцэн засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2024-02-28. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
- ^ "Илдэн засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
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- ^ "Сүжигт засгийн хошуу (Түшээт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2021-12-03. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
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- ^ Эрдэнэ далай засгийн хошуу (Сэцэн хан аймаг)
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{{cite web}}: Text "b" ignored (help) - ^ "Дайчин засгийн хошуу (Засагт хан аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
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- ^ "Эетэй засгийн хошуу (Сайн ноёны аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ "Дархан засгийн хошуу (Сайн ноёны аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2023-05-28. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ "Баатар засгийн хошуу (Сайн ноёны аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ "Бишрэлт засгийн хошуу (Сайн ноёны аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ "Сүжигт засгийн хошуу (Сайн ноёны аймаг)" (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 2024-05-28. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ Дөрвөд далай ханы хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Эрх засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Дайчин засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Жонон засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Үйзэн засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Сэцэн засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Саруул засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Эрдэнэ засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Мэргэн засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Эетэй засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Хурц засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Баатар засгийн хошуу (Төгс хүлэг далай хан аймаг)
- ^ Үнэн зоригт ханы хошуу (Үнэн зоригт хан аймаг)
- ^ Бишрэлт засгийн хошуу (Үнэн зоригт хан аймаг)
- ^ Ерөөлт засгийн хошуу (Үнэн зоригт хан аймаг)
- ^ Сүжигт засгийн хошуу (Үнэн зоригт хан аймаг)
- ^ a b c d e 赵云田 (2014). 清代西藏史研究 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. p. 104-114. ISBN 978-7-5097-6730-6.
References
- 赵尔巽 (1998). 清史稿 (in Chinese). 中华书局. ISBN 9787101007503.
- "光緒朝 《欽定大清會典事例三》 卷九百六十七~卷九百七十二". First Historical Archives of China (in Chinese).
- 宝音图; 宝日吉根 (1999). 外藩蒙古回部西藏王公传记索引 (in Chinese). 内蒙古大学出版社. ISBN 9787810740661.