Jadgal people

Jadgal
نماڑ
الزيغآلي
Regions with significant populations
 Pakistan100,000
 Iran25,000
Languages
Jadgali and Balochi (Makrani dialect)[1]
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Sindhis[2]

The Jaḍgāl (lit. 'Jaṭṭ-speakers';[3] also spelled as Jatgal[4] and az-Zighālī), also known as Nummaṛ, is an Indo-Aryan ethnic group which are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.[5] They speak the Jadgali language.[6]

History

See also: Sindhis

Jadgal people are often connected with the Jats of Balochistan.[7] Anthropologist Henry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western Indian subcontinent they subsequently migrated to Kulanch and are also found in Pakistani Balochistan. Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch.

When the Arabs arrived in modern-day Sindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the coast of Makran where the Arab name of az-Zighālī comes from.[8]

Demographics

Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a 1998 census conducted by Pakistan.[9] In Iran, the Sardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh.[10] The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran.[8] All of the Jadgals in Iran live in the Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces.[11][12]

Language

See also: Jadgali language and Sindhi language

Jadgal people in Balochistan speak Jadgali language, although they converse with strangers in Balochi.[13] Many linguists believe the Lasi dialect of the Lasi people may be related to Jadgali.[14] The Jadgali tongue in Oman is similar to the language of Al Lawatia.[15]

Tribes

References

  1. ^ Butt, Allah Rakhio (15 August 1998). Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. p. 306. ISBN 9789694050508 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1976). Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran. Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst. pp. 22, 282. ISBN 978-3-201-01428-1. The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries.
  3. ^ Brian J. Spooner; Jim G. Shaffer; Josef Elfenbein; Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya; Siawosch Azadi (23 March 2022). "Baluchistan". Brill Referenceworks. Brill. doi:10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_6516.
  4. ^ Field, Henry (1959). "An Anthropological Reconnaissance in West Pakistan, 1955". Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology. 52. Cambridge: Harvard University: 49.
  5. ^ "Pakistan Economist". October 1975.
  6. ^ Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Gren-Eklund, Gunilla (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times. Reichert. p. 172. ISBN 978-3-89500-366-0.
  7. ^ "Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman" (PDF). JE Peterson.
  8. ^ a b Barjasteh Delforooz, Behrooz (15 August 2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan". The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference). Wiesbaden: Reichert: 23–43. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6 – via uu.diva-portal.org.
  9. ^ "ScholarlyCommons :: Home". repository.upenn.edu. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  10. ^ Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004). Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development. Royal Book Company. p. 106. ISBN 978-969-407-309-5.
  11. ^ Jahani, Carina (2014). "The Baloch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region". The Persian Gulf in Modern Times. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 267–297. doi:10.1057/9781137485779_11. ISBN 978-1-349-50380-3.
  12. ^ "Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  13. ^ Spooner, Brian (1975). "Nomadism in Baluchistan". In Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheime, Günther-Dietz (eds.). Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Wiesbaden, Germany: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 171–182. ISBN 3-447-01552-7.
  14. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Lasi-Jadgali". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  15. ^ Barth, Fredrik (1983). Sohar, culture and society in an Omani town. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9780801828409.
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