Istanbul Airport

For other uses, see Istanbul Airport (disambiguation).

Istanbul Airport
İstanbul Havalimanı
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerGeneral Directorate of State Airports Authority
OperatorIGA (Istanbul Grand Airport) Havalimanı İşletmesi A.Ş.
ServesIstanbul, Turkey
Location Arnavutköy, Istanbul, Turkey
Opened
  • Ceremony: 29 October 2018 (2018-10-29)[1]
  • All passenger services: 6 April 2019 (2019-04-06)
  • All cargo services: 5 February 2022 (2022-02-05)
Hub for
Operating base forPegasus Airlines
Time zoneTRT (UTC+03:00)
Elevation AMSL99 m / 325 ft
Coordinates41°15′44″N 28°43′40″E / 41.26222°N 28.72778°E / 41.26222; 28.72778
Websitewww.istairport.com
Maps
IST/LTFM
Location of airport in Turkey
IST/LTFM
IST/LTFM (Turkey)
IST/LTFM
IST/LTFM (Europe)
IST/LTFM
IST/LTFM (North Atlantic)
Interactive map of Istanbul Airport
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
16L/34R 3,750 12,303 Asphalt
16R/34L 3,750 12,303 Asphalt
17L/35R 4,100 13,451 Asphalt
17R/35L 4,100 13,451 Asphalt
18/36 3,060 10,039 Asphalt/concrete
Statistics (2025)
Annual passenger capacity90,000,000
Total passengers84,513,937[2]
International passengers66,637,356
Aircraft operations549,296
Cargo tonnage2,086,241
Source: (Turkish AIP at Eurocontrol) Turkish Airports Authority[3]

Istanbul Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM)[4] is the larger of two international airports serving Istanbul, Turkey. It is located in the Arnavutköy district on the European side of the city. It is the largest airport in Turkey, the largest privately-owned airport in the world, and the second busiest airport in Europe.

All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Atatürk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Atatürk Airport for scheduled passenger flights.[5] The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport.[6][7]

It served more than 80 million passengers in 2024, making it second-busiest airport in Europe of 2024, after Heathrow Airport, it was also the seventh-busiest airport in the world of 2024 in terms of total passenger traffic and, by serving more than 63 million international passengers, the seventh-busiest airport in the world in terms of international passenger traffic according to ACI World traffic values.[8][9] It has regular flights to up to 122 countries and is the hub for Turkish Airlines.

History

Background

Atatürk Airport was one of the busiest airports in Europe. Since 2013, it had ranked among the five busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic. In 2017, Atatürk Airport and Sabiha Gökçen, Istanbul's other international airport, handled over 100 million passengers combined.[10] By comparison, the six London-area airports serve more than 150 million passengers a year, while the three Paris-area airports serve around 100 million passengers a year.

As Atatürk Airport was hemmed in by the city on three sides and the sea of Marmara on another, it was unable to expand to meet the growing demands placed on it. Sabiha Gökçen was also at capacity. The decision was taken to build a new airport, well away from the city to ensure ample space.

Location

It was decided to construct the new airport at the intersection of roads to Arnavutköy, Göktürk, and Çatalca, north of central Istanbul and between the Black Sea coast towns of Yeniköy, Tayakadın and Akpınar. The area is a 7,600-hectare (19,000-acre) region near Lake Terkos. Some 6,172 hectares (15,250 acres) of this area was state-owned forest. The distance between Istanbul Airport and Atatürk Airport is approximately 35 km (22 mi). The area encompassed old open-pit coal mines, which were later filled with soil.[11]

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (ÇED) report published in April 2013, there were a total of 2,513,341 trees in the area and 657,950 of them would need to be cut indispensably, while 1,855,391 trees would be moved to new places. However, the Ministry of Forest and Water Management claimed the exact number of trees cut and moved would only be revealed after construction was complete.[11]

Construction

Construction of the airport was divided over four phases. When all stages are completed, the airport will have the capacity to serve 200 million yearly passengers, which would at that time have made it the world's largest airport in terms of capacity. The cost of the project was estimated at €7 billion, without accounting for the cost of financing.

The project was achieved by an international design team working across different phases, but all focused on the collective vision. The architects behind the concept design were Grimshaw Architects, Nordic Office of Architecture and Haptic Architects. The lead delivery architect was Scott Brownrigg, also in charge of the interior concept design with IGA Design. Local delivery architects were Fonksiyon Mimarlik, Turgut Alton Mimarlik and Kiklop Design & Engineering.[12]

A tender was made for the construction as well as for operating the airport. Bidding for these tenders took place on 3 May 2013. Of the eligible companies, four Turkish and two foreign contenders took part in the bidding process. The Turkish joint venture consortium of Cengiz-Kolin-Limak-Mapa-Kalyon won the tender and were obliged to pay the government €26.142 billion including value-added tax for a 25-year lease starting from 2018. The completion date of the construction's first stage was officially set for 2018 – 42 months after the finalization of the tender's approval.[11]

The groundbreaking ceremony took place on 7 June 2014,[13] though construction only started in May 2015 after the land was officially handed over.[14]

The inauguration of the airport took place on the planned date of 29 October 2018. It was reported that the first test landing at the airport would take place on 26 February 2018; however, the first landing took place on 20 June 2018.[15] Testing of navigational and electronic systems with DHMİ aircraft had begun on 15 May 2018.[16]

The control tower is in the shape of the Turkish national flower, the tulip.[17]

Project stages

The construction of the airport is taking place in several stages, expanding the airport and its facilities over time.[18][19][20]

The first stage consists of the main terminal, with an annual passenger capacity of 90 million and an area of 1,440,000 m2 (15,500,000 sq ft) — making it the world's third-largest airport terminal building.[21] There will also be two pairs of parallel runways connected to eight parallel taxiways to the west of the main terminal, approximately 4,000,000 m2 (43,000,000 sq ft) of apron space, and an indoor car-park with a capacity of 12,000 vehicles. In addition, the airport will feature three technical blocks for repairs, maintenance, and fueling, as well as an air traffic control tower, eight ramp control towers, and hangars for cargo and general aviation aircraft.[22] Several other services are also to be in operation, including hospitals, frequent-flyer and VIP lounges, prayer rooms, convention centers, and hotels; some of these are expected to form part of the Istanbul Airport City project.[23]

The second stage will add a third independent runway to the east of the main terminal, as well as a fourth remote runway with an east–west heading and additional taxiways and apron areas. The third stage is planned to add a second passenger terminal with a capacity of 60 million annual passengers and an estimated area of around 960,000 m2 (10,300,000 sq ft), as well as an additional runway and new support facilities area. The fourth and final stage of expansion will, along with adding another runway, allow for the construction of satellite terminals with a combined capacity of 50 million passengers and an area of up to 800,000 m2 (8,600,000 sq ft) if needed.[22]

Once fully completed by 2027, the airport will have six sets of runways (eight in total), 16 taxiways, and a total annual passenger capacity of 150 million passengers.[21][24] If fully expanded to a capacity of 200 million, the airport will exhibit four terminal buildings with interconnecting rail access that combine for a total indoor area of 3,200,000 m2 (34,000,000 sq ft). The airport will also have a 6,500,000 m2 (70,000,000 sq ft) apron with a parking capacity of 500 aircraft, VIP lounges, cargo and general aviation facilities, a state palace, and indoor and outdoor parking that can accommodate up to 70,000 cars. A medical center, aircraft rescue and firefighting stations, hotels, convention centers, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities will also be built.

Controversies

The Turkish Chamber of Environmental Engineers (ÇMO) took the project tender to court on the grounds that the project violated the existing legislation for the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (ÇED) report.[11] In February 2014, an Istanbul administrative court ordered the construction of the airport to be suspended.[25] However, the groundbreaking ceremony still took place a few months later, on 7 June 2014.[13]

A report published in the Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet in February 2018 claimed that more than 400 workers had been killed during the construction of the airport, with accidents killing three to four workers every week, and families of the killed workers being paid to remain silent about the incidents.[26][27] Turkish daily Evrensel also alleged that fatal accidents continued to occur.[27] This prompted opposition MP Veli Ağbaba to submit a written questionnaire to the Turkish parliament on 13 February 2018. In response, the Turkish Ministry of Labour and Social Security claimed that there were only 27 fatalities during the construction of the airport.[28] In October 2019, UK publications Construction News and Architects' Journal published a joint investigation into fatalities at the airport, nicknamed by workers "the cemetery" as so many have died. By this point, the official death toll had risen to 55, but unofficial estimates suggested that the figure could be "higher than 400".[12]

Mass worker protests broke out on 14 September 2018 after a bus carrying workers crashed, injuring 17. Complaints by workers included poor living conditions in "vermin-infested dormitories", issues in transportation that had left them stranded under the rain or on-site during holidays, and long delays in payments, among others.[29]

Operations

The opening ceremony took place on 29 October 2018, scheduled so as to coincide with the 95th anniversary of the proclamation of the Turkish Republic.[30] The airport had been unofficially known as 'Istanbul New Airport' during construction – the new official name of 'Istanbul Airport' was announced at the opening ceremony. The first flight from the airport was Turkish Airlines flight TK2124 to the Turkish capital Ankara on 31 October 2018.[31] On 1 November 2018, five daily flights began to arrive and depart from the airport: from Ankara, Antalya, Baku, North Nicosia, and İzmir,[32] followed by Adana and Trabzon starting in December.

Before the full transfer, all flights were operated exclusively by Turkish Airlines. Regularly scheduled flights to all of the new airport's destinations continued to depart from Atatürk and Sabiha Gökçen airports alongside these trial flights. It was originally planned that on 31 December 2018, all equipment from Atatürk Airport would be transferred to the new airport via the O-7 motorway.[33][34] As of 17 January 2019, the transfer phase was set to start 1 March 2019.[35] However, on 25 February, the transfer phase was moved a fourth time to 5 April 2019.[36]

The full transfer of all scheduled commercial passenger flights from Atatürk Airport to the new Istanbul Airport took place on 6 April 2019 between 02:00 and 14:00. Hundreds of trucks carried more than 10,000 pieces of equipment, each weighing about 44 tons were moved to the new airport over 41 hours.[37] Atatürk Airport's IATA code IST was swapped with Istanbul Airport's previous code of ISL.

In February 2022, Turkish Cargo relocated all cargo flights and operations from their former base at Atatürk Airport to the new airport.[38]

Facilities

Runways

The airport currently has one terminal in service for domestic and international flights and five runways (three main and two backups) that are currently in operation. The two 17/35 runways are both 4,100 metres (13,500 feet) long, while the 16/34 runways are both 3,750 metres (12,300 feet) long. Runway 18/36 is 3,060 metres (10,040 feet) long, shorter than the other runways, although it is projected to expand to 3,750 metres (12,300 feet), the same length as the 16/34 pair. Runways 17L/35R and 16R/34L are 60 metres (200 feet) wide, while 17R/35L, 16L/34R and 18/36 are 45 metres (148 feet) wide. All runway surfaces are asphalt.[39]

Concourses

The airport features a total of five concourses, lettered A, B, D, F, and G, with a total of 143 passenger boarding bridges. Concourse G, which is located in the southeast, is reserved solely for domestic flights. Concourses A, B, D, and F are used for international flights. The C and E concourses connect directly to the main terminal and are therefore not independent concourses.[40]

Security

3,500 security personnel and a total of 1,850 police, including 750 immigration officers, provide the airport's security.[41] The site's perimeter is protected using ground radar, fixed CCTV cameras every 60 meters, pan–tilt–zoom cameras every 360 meters (1,180 feet), thermal cameras and fiber optic sensors every 720 meters (2,360 feet). The active terminal building uses up to 9,000 CCTV cameras.[42]

Mosque

Ali Kuşçu Mosque, which lies within Airport City to the south of the airport and can accommodate up to 6,000 worshippers, has become the world's first "LEED Gold" certified mosque registered with the U.S. Green Building Council.[43][44]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Istanbul Airport:

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens, Heraklion,[45] Thessaloniki[46]
Seasonal: Mykonos,[45] Rhodes,[45] Santorini[45]
Aeroflot Krasnodar, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg
Afriqiyah Airways Misrata[47]
Air Arabia Rabat, Sharjah[48][49]
Air Astana Almaty,[50] Astana,[50] Atyrau[50]
Air Cairo Sharm El Sheikh
Air China Beijing–Capital
Air Europa Madrid
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Montenegro Podgorica,[51] Tivat[52]
Air Samarkand Samarqand[53]
Air Serbia Belgrade, Kraljevo,[54] Niš[54]
Air Transat Toronto–Pearson[55]
AirBaltic Riga
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda
Animawings Bucharest–Otopeni,[56] Cluj-Napoca,[57] Craiova,[58] Iași,[56] Timișoara
Ariana Afghan Airlines Kabul[59]
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon[60]
ATA Airlines Tabriz,[61] Tehran–Imam Khomeini[62]
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku[63]
azimuth Krasnodar,[64] Mineralnye Vody,[65] Sochi[66]
Badr Airlines Port Sudan[67]
Belavia Minsk
Berniq Airways Benghazi[68]
British Airways London–Heathrow
Caspian Airlines Tabriz,[69] Tehran–Imam Khomeini[70]
Centrum Air Namangan, Samarqand, Tashkent
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Xi'an
China Southern Airlines Beijing–Daxing, Guangzhou, Ürümqi
Croatia Airlines Split[71]
Crown Airlines Tripoli–Mitiga[72]
easyJet Bristol,[73] Manchester
Egyptair Cairo[74]
Emirates Dubai–International[75]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[76]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi[77]
Fly Oya Tripoli–Mitiga[78]
Flyadeal Jeddah, Riyadh
FlyArystan Aqtau,[79] Qarağandy
Flydubai Dubai–International[75]
FlyErbil Erbil[80]
Flynas Abha (begins 29 March 2026),[81] Riyadh
FlyOne Chișinău, Yerevan[82]
Ghadames Air Transport Tripoli–Mitiga[83]
Gulf Air Bahrain[84]
HiSky Chișinău[85]
Icelandair Seasonal: Reykjavík–Keflavík[86]
IndiGo Delhi, Mumbai–Shivaji
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini[87]
Iran Airtour Isfahan,[88] Tabriz,[89] Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Iran Aseman Airlines Tehran–Imam Khomeini[90]
Iraqi Airways Kirkuk
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City[91]
Kam Air Kabul,[92] Mazar-i-Sharif[93]
Karun Airlines Ahvaz[94]
KLM Amsterdam
KM Malta Airlines Malta[95]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon[60][96]
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City[97]
Libyan Airlines Tripoli–Mitiga[72]
Libyan Wings Tripoli–Mitiga[72]
LOT Polish Airlines Gdańsk,[98] Kraków[99]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich (resumes 29 March 2026)[100]
Mahan Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Meraj Airlines Tabriz[101]
MIAT Mongolian Airlines Ulaanbaatar[102]
Middle East Airlines Beirut[103]
Nordwind Airlines Kazan[104]
Norwegian Air Shuttle Seasonal: Oslo[105]
Nouvelair Sfax
Oman Air Muscat[106]
Pegasus Airlines İzmir,[107] Nicosia–Ercan[108]
Pobeda Moscow–Vnukovo[109]
Qanot Sharq Namangan, Qarshi, Tashkent
Qatar Airways Doha[110]
Red Wings Airlines Chelyabinsk,[111] Kaluga,[112] Makhachkala,[111] Moscow–Zhukovsky,[111] Nalchik,[113] Nizhnekamsk,[114] Nizhny Novgorod,[115] Sochi,[111] Stavropol,[116] Tyumen,[117] Vladikavkaz[111]
Rossiya Airlines Moscow–Sheremetyevo,[118] Saint Petersburg[118]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca, Tangier
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
S7 Airlines Moscow–Domodedovo,[119] Novosibirsk[120]
SalamAir Muscat[110]
Saudia Jeddah,[121] Medina,, Riyadh[122]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen (begins 26 March 2026)[123]
SCAT Airlines Almaty, Aqtöbe,[124] Atyrau, Şymkent
Sichuan Airlines Athens, Chengdu–Tianfu
Singapore Airlines Singapore[125]
Sky Express Athens[126]
Somon Air Khujand
Southwind Airlines Seasonal charter: Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Moscow-Zhukovsky
Syrian Air Damascus
Taban Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini[62]
TAROM Bucharest–Otopeni
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi[127]
Transavia Bordeaux, Lyon, Montpellier, Nantes,[128] Paris–Orly, Strasbourg
Turkish Airlines Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Abuja, Accra, Adana/Mersin,[129] Addis Ababa, Adıyaman, Ağrı,[107] Aleppo,[130] Alexandria, Algiers,[131] Almaty,[132] Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Ankara, Antalya, Antananarivo, Aqaba, Aqtau,[132] Ashgabat, Asmara, Astana,[132] Athens, Atlanta, Baghdad,[133] Bahrain, Baku, Bamako, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Banjul, Barcelona, Bari, Basel/Mulhouse, Basra,[133] Batman,[107] Batumi, Beijing–Capital, Beirut,[134] Belgrade,[107] Benghazi, Berlin, Bilbao, Billund, Bingöl,[107] Birmingham, Bishkek, Bissau (begins 8 June 2026),[135] Bodrum, Bogotá, Bologna, Bordeaux,[107] Boston, Bremen, Brussels, Bucharest–Otopeni,[107] Budapest, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Bukhara, Cairo, Çanakkale,[136] Cancún, Cape Town, Caracas,[137] Casablanca, Catania, Chicago–O'Hare,[131] Chișinău, Cluj-Napoca,[107] Cologne/Bonn,[107] Colombo–Bandaranaike,[131] Conakry, Constanța, Copenhagen, Constantine,[138] Cotonou, Dakar–Diass, Dalaman, Dallas/Fort Worth,[139][140] Damascus,[141] Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denizli, Denpasar[142] Denver, Detroit,[143] Dhaka,[144] Diyarbakır, Djibouti, Doha,[145] Douala, Dubai–International, Dublin, Durban, Dushanbe,[146] Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Edremit, Elazığ,[107] Entebbe, Erbil,[133] Erzincan,[107] Erzurum, Fergana, Frankfurt, Freetown,[107] Ganja,[107] Gaziantep, Gazipaşa/Alanya, Geneva, Gothenburg, Guangzhou,[147] Hakkari,[107] Hamburg, Hannover, Hanoi, Hatay,[107] Havana, Helsinki, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Hurghada, Iğdır, Isfahan (temporarily suspended),[148][149] Islamabad, Isparta, İzmir, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Karachi,[142] Jeddah,[150] Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Juba,[151] Kabul, Kahramanmaraş, Kars,[107] Kastamonu, Kathmandu, Kayseri, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kinshasa–N'djili, Kirkuk,[133] Konya, Kraków, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City,[152] Kütahya,[107] Lagos, Lahore, Leipzig/Halle, Libreville, Lisbon, Ljubljana, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow, London–Stansted,[153] Los Angeles, Luanda–Agostinho Neto,[154] Lusaka, Luxembourg, Lyon, Madrid, Málaga, Malatya,[107] Malé, Malta,[107] Manchester, Manila, Maputo, Mardin, Marrakech, Marseille,[107] Mashhad (temporarily suspended),[155] Mauritius, Medina,[150] Melbourne,[156] Merzifon,[157] Mexico City–Benito Juárez, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Misrata, Mogadishu, Mombasa, Monrovia (begins 11 May 2026),[158] Montréal–Trudeau, Moscow–Vnukovo, Mumbai–Shivaji,[107] Munich, Muş, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Najaf,[133] Nakhchivan,[107] Naples, N'Djamena, Nevşehir,[107] New York–JFK, Newark, Niamey, Nice, Nicosia–Ercan,[107] Nouakchott, Nuremberg,[159] Oran,[160] Ordu/Giresun, Osaka–Kansai,[161] Oslo, Ouagadougou, Palermo,[162] Panama City–Tocumen, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Podgorica, Pointe-Noire, Porto, Port Sudan,[163] Prague, Pristina, Riga, Riyadh,[107] Rize/Artvin, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, Salzburg, Samarqand, Samsun, San Francisco, Şanlıurfa, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Santiago de Chile,[164] Sarajevo,[107] Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Seville,[165] Shanghai–Pudong,[166] Sharjah, Sharm El Sheikh, Shiraz,[148] Singapore,[142] Sinop,[107] Şırnak,[107] Sivas,[107] Skopje,[107] Sofia, Stockholm–Arlanda, Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Sulaimaniyah,[133] Sydney,[167] Ta'if, Tabriz (temporarily suspended),[155] Taipei–Taoyuan, Tallinn, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tehran–Imam Khomeini (temporarily suspended),[155] Thessaloniki,[107] Timișoara (begins 1 April 2026),[168] Tirana,[169] Tivat,[170] Tokat, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita,[142] Toronto–Pearson, Toulouse, Trabzon, Tripoli–Mitiga,[72] Tunis,[171] Turin, Türkıstan,[132] Ulaanbaatar, Urgench, Valencia, Van,[107] Vancouver, Varna, Venice, Vienna, Vilnius, Warsaw–Chopin,[107] Washington–Dulles, Yanbu,[172] Yaoundé, Yerevan,[173] Zagreb, Zanzibar, Zonguldak,[107] Zürich
Seasonal: Dubrovnik,[174] Mahé, Moroni, Ohrid,[175] Rovaniemi
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat[176]
Ural Airlines Moscow–Domodedovo, Sochi,[177] Yekaterinburg[178]
Utair Grozny
Seasonal: Ufa
Uzbekistan Airways Andizhan
Vueling Barcelona
Wizz Air Budapest,[179][180] Iași,[181][182] London–Gatwick,[183][184] London–Luton[183][184]

Statistics

PassengersYear020,000,00040,000,00060,000,00080,000,000100,000,000201620182020202220242026PassengersAnnual passenger traffic

Below is the passenger data and development for Istanbul Airport for the years 2018–2026:[3]

Passenger statistics at Istanbul Airport[3][185]
Year Domestic
passengers 		Passenger
% change 		International
passengers 		Passenger
% change 		Total
passengers 		Passenger
% change
2026(Feb.) 2,497,817 6% 10,273,964 5% 12,771,781 5%
2025 17,876,581 3% 66,637,356 6% 84,513,937 5%
2024 17,393,810 2% 63,036,930 8% 80,430,740 6%
2023 17,740,865 11% 58,271,042 20% 76,011,907 18%
2022 15,948,502 49% 48,569,571 83% 64,518,073 74%
2021 10,676,237 43% 26,505,670 66% 37,181,907 59%
2020 7,473,875 41% 15,936,505 60% 23,410,380 55%
2019 12,574,641 19244% 39,434,579 130482% 52,009,220 54529%
20181 65,006 30,199 95,205

^1 : 2018 statistics correspond to the last 3 months of 2018 since the opening of the airport.

Environmental impact

The airport is estimated by Climate Trace to have emitted 9.5 million tonnes of CO2 in 2023, making it the country's second largest greenhouse gas emitter.[186]

Ground transport

See also: Public transport in Istanbul

Metro

Main article: İstanbul Havalimanı (Istanbul Metro)

The M11 metro line opened on 22 January 2023, originally going to Kağıthane. With the Gayrettepe extension of the line being put into service on 29 January 2024, trains run eastward to Gayrettepe and westward to Arnavutköy. An extension to Halkalı is under construction.[187]

Bus

The airport is serviced from the city by public IETT[188] and Havaist[189] buses.

Car and taxi

The airport is reachable by car from the O-7 motorway or D.020 highway. Istanbul city taxis are available 24 hours a day outside the arrival and departure areas of the airport. A trip to Istanbul city centre by taxi takes approximately an hour.[190][191]

Rail

There are plans for mainline railway to connect the airport to Çatalca and Halkalı, and via outer city bypass running over the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge across the Bosporus and connecting with the Anatolian rail network at Gebze but construction has been continuously delayed.[192][193]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Istanbul Airport, 'world's new hub,' officially opened". www.aa.com.tr.
  2. ^ "Turkish airports serve over 230 million passengers in 2024". Daily Sabah. 6 January 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "General Directorate Of State Airports Authority". Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Yeni havalimanının adı belli oldu (İstanbul Havalimanı tabelaları asıldı)". NTV.
  5. ^ Dikmen, Yesim (6 April 2019). "Last flight leaves Ataturk as Istanbul switches airports". Reuters.
  6. ^ "Turkish Airlines relocates to new Istanbul Airport". ATWOnline. 5 April 2019.
  7. ^ "Turkish Airlines is switching to a new Istanbul airport – all in 45 hours". Guardian. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019. The opening date has been pushed back three times, but authorities insist that the main terminal building and two runways will be fully operational by Sunday, in what critics say it is a rushed and dangerous attempt to stay on schedule.
  8. ^ "Top 10 busiest airports in the world shift with the rise of international air travel demand Revealed". ACI World. 14 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025. The global total passenger forecast for 2024 stands close to 9.5 billion, reflecting a remarkable recovery of 103.8% from pre-pandemic levels. Notably, international traffic recovery drew nearer to that of domestic traffic, emphasizing its essential role in propelling the industry's resurgence and expansion.
  9. ^ Josephs, Leslie (15 April 2025). "World's busiest airports show surge in international travel. Here are the rankings". CNBC. Retrieved 15 April 2025.
  10. ^ "Turkish Airport Traffic Statistics". DHMI Turkey. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  11. ^ a b c d "Consortium wins Istanbul airport tender for 22.1 billion euros". Hürriyet Daily News. 3 May 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  12. ^ a b Garner-Purkis, Zac; Hurst, Will (10 October 2019). "Investigation: the human cost of building the world's biggest airport". Architects' Journal. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  13. ^ a b "Grundsteinlegung für Mega-Flughafen in Istanbul". Die Welt (in German). 7 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Construction of new Istanbul airport officially starts under the shadow of challenges, questions". 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Istanbul Grand Airport to open in October 2018" (in German). 6 October 2017.
  16. ^ "3. Havalimanı'nın yüzde 90'ı tamamlandı". trthaber.com (in Turkish). 27 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  17. ^ Suri, Charu (25 October 2018). "This New Airport Is Larger Than Manhattan". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  18. ^ "Dünyanın en büyük havalimanı İstanbul'a yapılıyor". Star. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
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  159. ^ "THY Nürnberg uçuşunun 50.yılını kutladı".
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  166. ^ "Çin'e seyahat edeceklere Müjde, THY Şanghay uçuşları başlıyor!" (in Turkish).
  167. ^ (in Turkish)"THY, Avustralya'da ikinci uçuş noktası Sidney'e seferlerine başladı"
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  171. ^ "THY, Tunus'ta en iyi satış yapan acentelerini ödüllendirdi".
  172. ^ "THY, Suudi Arabistan'ın Yanbu Şehrine Uçuşlarına Yeniden Başlıyor" (in Turkish). 23 July 2025.
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  175. ^ "Ohrid, which was launched this summer, will not run over the winter months". 28 June 2025.
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