House organ

A house organ (also variously known an in-house magazine, in-house publication, house journal, shop paper, plant paper, or employee magazine) is a magazine or periodical published by a company or organization for its customers, employees, union members, parishioners, political party members, and so forth.^[1] This name derives from the use of "organ" as referring to a periodical for a special interest group.

House organs typically come in two types, internal and external. An internal house organ is meant for consumption by the employees of the company as a channel of communication for the management. An external house organ is meant for consumption by the customers of the company, and may be either a free regular newsletter, or an actual commercial product in its own right.

Examples include inflight magazines and most university alumni magazines.

Magazines during the industrial revolution were often organised informally without involvement from the company, and served many purposes, including literary & artistic, for advertising, and as a bulletin of employee-relevant information. Over time, some magazines received employer support or were created by the employer.

By the 1930s, staff journals became common in large organisations, created directly by companies, and were written for the entire organisation, rather than being targeted for a particular department or for technical workers.^[2] More banking sector magazines were launched after the World War One.

The Fugger Newsletters (German: Fuggerzeitungen), were newsletters collected by brothers Octavian Secundus and Phillipp Edward Fugger of the Fugger Family between 1568 and 1605, and consisted of handwritten newsletter reports of political, military, social news and trade information from European cities. Over 15000 individual newsletters are in the collection.^[3] The writters of these newsletters were only occasionally directly employed by the Fuggers, and most newsletters were written independently.

The Lowell Offering, published from 1840 to 1845, published poetry, fiction, essays, and other literary works from textile workers of Lowell, Massachusetts. Over time, it became broader in scope. Workers also discussed poor working conditions and labor unrest.^[4] It had hundreds of subscribers and supporters throughout New England and the United States. It later became subsidised by the mill owners.

The Great Western Railway Magazine was a magazine published first informally by employees of Great Western Railway from 1862 to 1864, then by the Great Western Temperance Society in 1888, before becoming an official publication in 1903.^[5] The GWR magazine served as a link between staff on the network, providing information about employee retirements, changes, and obituaries, and reports from GWR employee groups and societies, including sports clubs, horticultural societies, and musical groups.

Ibis, published by Prudential Assurance Company, first published in 1878, was intended for clerical workers at its head office.^[2] Prudential later created the Prudential Bulletin in 1920, which was more business oriented.

• Employee magazines in the United States. Studies in industrial relations problems. Vol. 110. National Industrial Conference Board. 1925.
• Shel Holtz (2004). "Types of Employee Communications". Corporate conversations: a guide to crafting effective and appropriate internal communications. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. pp. 84–86. ISBN 978-0-8144-0770-7.
• Hayes, Elinor (November 1922). "The Employees' Publication". University Journal of Business. 1 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 81–94. doi:10.1086/506641. JSTOR 2354751.
• Peter Francis O'Shea (1920). Employees' Magazines for Factories, Offices, and Business Organizations. H. W. Wilson Company. LCCN 20026978.
• JoAnne Yates (1993). Control through communication: the rise of system in American management. Studies in Industry and Society. Vol. 6. JHU Press. pp. 17, 74–77. ISBN 978-0-8018-4613-7.
• Elspeth H. Brown (2008). The Corporate Eye: Photography and the Rationalization of American Commercial Culture, 1884–1929. JHU Press. pp. 137–143. ISBN 978-0-8018-8970-7.
• Anthony Slide (1985). "In-House Journals". International film, radio, and television journals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-23759-1.
• Anthony F. Deyes (1994). "The Place of In-House Journals in Business Interaction: A Case Study". In Leila Barbara; Mike Scott; Antonieta Celani (eds.). Reflections on language learning. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-257-7.
• Jenny McKay (2006). The magazines handbook (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-415-37137-7.
• Sandra Cleary (2008). Communication: a hands-on approach. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 289–290. ISBN 978-0-7021-7714-9.
• Arthur Judson Brewster & Herbert Hall Palmer (2001). Introduction to Advertising. The Minerva Group, Inc. pp. 252–253. ISBN 978-0-89875-506-0.
• George Frederick Wilson (1915). The house organ: how to make it produce results. Washington Park Publishing.
• Robert E. Ramsay (1920). Effective house organs: the principles and practice of editing and publishing successful house organs. D. Appleton and company.
• Dr. A. Sreekumar Menon (1990). Communication Through House Journals. In: Emerging Challenges in Management. Trivandrum, India: C.B.H. Publications. pp. 175–182.