Huang Kun

In this Chinese name, the family name is Huang.
Huang Kun
黄昆
Huang in 1963
Born(1919-09-02)2 September 1919
Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Republic of China
Died6 July 2005(2005-07-06) (aged 85)
Beijing, People's Republic of China
Alma materYenching University
National Southwestern Associated University
University of Bristol
Known forBorn–Huang approximation
AwardsHighest Science and Technology Award (2001)
Scientific career
FieldsSolid-state physics
Semiconductor
InstitutionsInstitute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Thesis Some considerations in the theory of alloys, together with a discussion of the binding energies of the lightest nuclei[1]  (1948)
Nevill Mott
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese黄昆
Traditional Chinese黃昆
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHuáng Kūn

Huang Kun (Chinese: 黄昆; September 2, 1919 – July 6, 2005) was a Chinese physicist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was influential in the establishment of solid-state physics in China. He is known for his various contributions to solid-state physics including the Huang diffraction, early theory of polaritons, the Born–Huang approximation, the Huang–Rhys factor and the Huang–Zhu model.

He was awarded the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (the highest science award in China) by President Jiang Zemin in 2001.

Life

Born in Jiaxing, China, in September 1919.[2] He got a bachelor degree from Yenching University in physics.[2][3] He enrolled as a graduate student at National Southwestern Associated University, other students with him included C.N. Yang. There Ta-You Wu gave Huang and Yang courses on classical and quantum mechanics. Huang carried out a thesis on atomic and molecular problems in astrophysics, supervised by professor Wu.[3]

In 1948, he earned his PhD from the H. H. Wills Physics Lab of Bristol University in England. His supervisor was Nevill Mott. In his thesis, he worked on the effect of dissolved solute atoms to X-ray diffraction in dilute solid solution.[4] His research was confirmed 20 years later. His theory became known as Huang diffusive scattering (HDS).[5][2]

He continued his postdoctoral studies at Liverpool University, where he coauthored the book Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices with Max Born between 1949 and 1951. The book has become a classic work of modern physics. The Born–Huang approximation is named after them.[4]

During his studies he also was influenced by Herbert Fröhlich. In 1950, Huang published a theory for the interaction of a crystal lattice and electrons. Later his equation led to the concept of phonon polaritons, described partially by Huang equation. The same year, with his secretary Avril Rhys,[6] he calculated the average emitted phonons in a electronic transition in crystallographic defect. The formula they developed is known as the Huang–Rhys factor.[7] A year later, he would marry Rhys.[4][8]

In 1951, Huang returned to China to teach, and became a professor of physics at Peking University.[8][2]

During the Cultural Revolution, Huang was one of the scientists to still write in the political journal Red Flag.[8]

In 1955, he became a founding member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).[9] Huang and Xie Xide started the research of semiconductors in China, and established the solid state physics major at Peking University.[4] In 1977, Huang became the director of the Institute of Semiconductors at CAS.[8]

In 1988, he and Bangfen Zhu published a paper on optical vibrations. Their theory became known as the Huang–Zhu model.[10][4]

Retirement

After his retirement in 1983, Huang remained active in the research of semiconductors and was selected as the chairman of the Chinese Society of Physics between 1987 and 1991. He served as Director of the Institute of Semiconductors of the CAS.

Honors and awards

Huang was elected member of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) in 1955. He was elected Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1980.[2] Elected fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 1985.[2] He received the Tan Kah Kee Award from the CAS in 1996.[11] In 2001, Huang and Wang Xuan received the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award by President Jiang Zemin.[12]

References

  1. ^ Yuan, Tung-li (March 1963). Doctoral Dissertations by Chinese Students in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1916–1961. Vol. IV. Chinese Culture.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Mackerras, Colin (2001-10-15). The New Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78674-4.
  3. ^ a b Yang, Chen-Ning (2000-04-19). "Modern Physics and a Warm Friendship". In Zhu, Bang-fen (ed.). Selected Papers Of Kun Huang (With Commentary). World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4493-53-6.
  4. ^ a b c d e Xia, Jianbai (2019-09-01). "Major scientific accomplishments of Prof. Kun Huang". Journal of Semiconductors. 40 (9) 090301. doi:10.1088/1674-4926/40/9/090301. ISSN 1674-4926.
  5. ^ Dederichs, P H (1973). "The theory of diffuse X-ray scattering and its application to the study of point defects and their clusters". Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics. 3 (2): 471–496. doi:10.1088/0305-4608/3/2/010. ISSN 0305-4608.
  6. ^ Hyland, G. J. (2015-05-18). Herbert Fröhlich: A Physicist Ahead of His Time. Springer. p. 146. ISBN 978-3-319-14851-9.
  7. ^ Böer, Karl W.; Pohl, Udo W. (2023-02-02). Semiconductor Physics. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-031-18286-0.
  8. ^ a b c d Lam, Lui; Burguete, Maria (2014-10-15). All About Science: Philosophy, History, Sociology & Communication. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4472-94-4.
  9. ^ "黄昆----中国科学院学部". casad.cas.cn. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  10. ^ Huang, Kun; Zhu, Bang-Fen (1988-07-15). "Long-wavelength optic vibrations in a superlattice". Physical Review B. 38 (3): 2183–2186. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.38.2183. ISSN 0163-1829. Archived from the original on 2024-08-29.
  11. ^ "Huang Kun--Tan Kah Kee Science Award Foundation". tsaf.cas.cn. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  12. ^ "A Scientist for Science's Sake: Huang Kun". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2026-05-21.


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