List of valkyrie names
In Norse mythology, a valkyrie (from Old Norse valkyrja "chooser of the fallen") is one of a host of female figures who decide who will die in battle. Selecting among half of those who die in battle (the other half go to the goddess Freyja's afterlife field Fólkvangr), the valkyries bring their chosen to the afterlife hall of the slain, Valhalla, ruled over by the god Odin. There, when the einherjar are not preparing for the events of Ragnarök, the valkyries bear them mead. Valkyries also appear as lovers of heroes and other mortals, where they are sometimes described as the daughters of royalty, sometimes accompanied by ravens, and sometimes connected to swans.
The Old Norse poems Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, and the Nafnaþulur section of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál provide lists of valkyrie names. Other valkyrie names appear solely outside these lists, such as Sigrún (who is attested in the poems Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and Helgakviða Hundingsbana II). Valkyrie names commonly emphasize associations with battle and, in many cases, with the spear—a weapon heavily associated with the god Odin.[1] Scholars such as Hilda Ellis Davidson and Rudolf Simek propose that the names of the valkyries themselves contain no individuality, but are rather descriptive of the traits and nature of war-goddesses, and are possibly the descriptive creations of skalds, a type of traditional Scandinavian poet.[2]
Some valkyrie names may be descriptive of the roles and abilities of the valkyries. The valkyrie name Herja may point to an etymological connection to Hariasa, a Germanic goddess attested on a stone from 187 CE.[3] The name Herfjötur has been theorized as pointing to the ability of the valkyries to place fetters, which would connect the valkyries to the earlier Idisi.[4] The name Svipul may be descriptive of the influence the valkyries have over wyrd or ørlog—a Germanic concept of fate.[5]
Valkyrie names
| Name | Name meaning | Referred to as a valkyrie in |
|---|---|---|
| Alruna | "Secret"[6] | Völundarkviða |
| Brunhilde | "Battle armor" or "bright armor"[7] | Skáldskaparmál,
Der Ring des Nibelungen (as Brünnhilde) |
| Eir | "Peace", "clemency",[8] "help" or "mercy"[9] | Nafnaþulur |
| Galdrar | "Incantation" | Skirnismál |
| Geir | "Spear" [10] | Nafnaþulur |
| Geirajödr | "Killer spear"[10] | Appears in some manuscripts of Grímnismál in place of the valkyrie name Geirölul[10] |
| Geiravör | "Wisdom spear"[10] | Nafnaþulur |
| Geirdriful | "Shooter spear"[10] | Nafnaþulur |
| Geirölul | "The one charging forth with the spear"[11] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Geirskögul | "Shaker spear"[12] | Hákonarmál, Völuspá, Nafnaþulur |
| Gerhilde | "War spear" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Göll | "Tumult"[13] or "rumble"[14] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Göndul | "Magic wand"[13] | Völuspá, Nafnaþulur |
| Grimgerde | "Severe protection" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Gunnr | "War"[13] or "clash"[15] | Völuspá, Darraðarljóð, Gylfaginning, Nafnaþulur |
| Helmwige | "Warrior helmet" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Herfjötur | "Host fetter"[13] or "structure of the army"[4] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Herja | "Devastation"[16] | Nafnaþulur |
| Hervör Alvitr | "All wise" or "strange creature"[17] | Völundarkviða |
| Hildr | "Combat"[18] | Völuspá, Grímnismál, Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur |
| Hjalmthrimul | "Helmet clatterer" or "frenzy warrior"[19] | Nafnaþulur |
| Hjörprimul | "Sword noisy"[19] | Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur |
| Hladgudr Svanhvit | "Swan white"[20] | Völundarkviða |
| Hljod | "Howl" | Völsunga saga |
| Hlökk | "Unstable"[13] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Hrist | "The quaking one"[21] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Hrund | "Pricker"[13] | Nafnaþulur |
| Kára | "The wild", "stormy one" or "the curly one"[22] | Helgakviða Hundingsbana II |
| Mist | "Cloud" or "mist"[23] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Ölrún | "Kept mystery"[6] | Völundarkviða |
| Ortlinde | "Gentle advice" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Radgridr | "Council truce"[13] or "the bossy"[24] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Randgriz | "Shield truce"[13] or "shield destroyer"[25] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Reginleif | "Power trace"[13] or "daughter of the gods"[26] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Rossweisse | "White rose" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Róta | "Sleet and storm"[27] | Gylfaginning |
| Sanngridr | "Very violent" or "very cruel"[28] | Darraðarljóð |
| Schwertleite | "Sword experience" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Siegrune | "Victory connoisseur" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
| Sigrdrífa | "Victory path"[13] or "inciter of victory"[29] | Sigrdrífumál |
| Sigrún | "Victory brand"[13] | Helgakviða Hundingsbana I, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II |
| Skalmöld | "Sword time"[30] | Nafnaþulur |
| Skeggjöld | "Axe era"[13] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Skögul | "Shaker"[13] or "high towering"[1] | Hákonarmál, Völuspá, Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Skuld | "Future"[31] | Völuspá, Gylfaginning, Nafnaþulur |
| Sváfa | "Creatoress of dreams" | Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar |
| Sveidr | "Vibration" or "sound"[32] | Nafnaþulur |
| Svipul | "Changeable"[5] | Darraðarljóð, Nafnaþulur |
| Thögn | "Silence"[33] | Nafnaþulur |
| Thrima | "Fight"[34] | Nafnaþulur |
| Thrud | "Power"[35] or "empowerment"[36] | Grímnismál, Nafnaþulur |
| Waltraute | "Force of the death" | Der Ring des Nibelungen |
See also
Citations
- ^ a b Davidson (1988:96).
- ^ Examples include Davidson (1988:96–97) and Simek (2007:349).
- ^ Simek (2007:143). For Hariasa, Simek (2007:131).
- ^ a b Simek (2007:142).
- ^ a b Simek (2007:308).
- ^ a b Ochard (1997:278).
- ^ For "armor battle", see Haymes (2010:27). For "bright battle", see Orchard (1997:193).
- ^ Lindow (2001:105).
- ^ Orchard (1997:36).
- ^ a b c d e Simek (2007:102).
- ^ Simek (2007:102–103).
- ^ Orchard (1997:193).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Orchard (1997:194).
- ^ Simek (2007:115).
- ^ Simek (2007:125).
- ^ Simek (2007:143).
- ^ Orchard (1997:83).
- ^ Orchard (1997:192).
- ^ a b Simek (2007:150).
- ^ Simek (2007:151).
- ^ Simek (2007:160).
- ^ Simek (2007:182).
- ^ Orchard (1997:194) and Simek (2007:218).
- ^ Simek (2007:258).
- ^ Simek (2007:261).
- ^ Simek (2007:262).
- ^ Vigfusson (1874:503).
- ^ Simek (2007:275).
- ^ Simek (2007:284).
- ^ Simek (2007:288).
- ^ Orchard (1997:151).
- ^ Simek (2007:306).
- ^ Simek (2007:316).
- ^ Simek (2007:328).
- ^ Lindow (2001:291).
- ^ Orchard (1997:195).
General and cited references
- Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1988). Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719025796
- Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0
- Haymes, Edward (2010). Wagners Ring in 1848: New Translations of The Nibelung Myth and Siegfried's Death. Camden House.
- Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0 304 34520 2
- Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer ISBN 0859915131
- Cleasby, Richard; Vigfússon, Guðbrandur (1878). An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press.