Zembei Horikiri

Zembei Horikiri
ほりきり ぜんべえ
Horikiri in 1932
27th Speaker of the House of Representatives
In office
23 December 1929 – 21 January 1930
MonarchEmperor Shōwa
Imperial Appointed Member of House of Peers
In office
24 February 1945 – 15 June 1946
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
15 May 1912 – 31 March 1937
10 March 1938 – 29 April 1942
Constituency
  • Fukushima Prefecture Rural Constituency
  • Fukushima Prefecture 3rd Constituency
  • Fukushima 1st District
Personal details
Born(1882-05-04)4 May 1882
Japan, Fukushima Prefecture, Shinobu District, Kami-Iizaka (present-day Fukushima City)
Died25 November 1946(1946-11-25) (aged 64)
Japan, Fukushima Prefecture, Shinobu District, Iizaka (present-day Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture)
PartyRikken Seiyukai
SpouseMisuzu Horikiri
ChildrenEldest daughter: Ryoko Jūmonji
RelativesFather-in-law: Shutaro Yoshino (member of the House of Peers)
Younger brother: Zenjiro Horikiri (Minister of Home Affairs)
Second younger brother: Hisagoro Uchiike (Member of the House of Representatives)
Alma materKeio University, Faculty of Commerce[1]

Zembei Horikiri (ほりきり ぜんべえ, 4 May 1882 – 25 November 1946) was a Japanese politician and economist who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1929 to 1930 and Ambassador to Italy from 1940 to 1942. He belonged to the Rikken Seiyukai party,[2] and held several ranks in the Japanese imperial court. While ambassador, he worked to foster cooperation among the Tripartite Pact powers, alongside Ambassador to Germany Hiroshi Oshima. His brother, Zenjirō Horikiri, served as Minister for Home Affairs under Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara. Horikiri died at home in Iizaka in 1946, aged 64.[3]

Early life and education

Born as the eldest son of Ryohei Horikiri in Kami-Iizaka, Fukushima Prefecture (now Fukushima City),[2][4] he graduated in 1903 from the Faculty of Commerce, Keio University.[2][1] He studied abroad at Harvard University, Oxford University, and Humboldt University of Berlin in Germany, then returned to teach at Keio University.[2] He was an economist, specializing in economic theory, public finance, commercial policy, and colonial policy.[2] His younger brothers were Zenjiro Horikiri, who held posts including Minister of Home Affairs, and Hisagoro Uchiike, also a member of the House of Representatives.[4]

Political career

He was elected consecutively 10 times from the 11th general election in 1912 to the 20th general election in 1937.[4] In 1912, in his campaign for the 11th general election, he ran as a Rikken Seiyukai candidate from Fukushima Prefecture 1st District and was elected.[2][4] He served as party secretary and general secretary. In 1918, he became secretary to Finance Minister Korekiyo Takahashi.[2] In 1921, he concurrently served as Counselor at the Ministry of Finance and secretary to Prime Minister Takahashi.[2] In 1924, he was appointed Commerce and Agriculture Ministry Counselor in the Kato Cabinet.[2] In 1925, he became Commerce Ministry Counselor under Kato Cabinet.

In March 1927, he was investigated and charged with assault related to a parliamentary brawl.[5][6] On 16 December 1927, he was fined 50 yen.[7]

In 1929, he was elected the 27th Speaker of the House of Representatives.[2] In 1931, he was appointed Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Finance under the Inukai Cabinet.[2] In 1939, he joined the Reform Alliance faction of the Seiyukai party. In 1940, at the request of Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka, he became Ambassador to Italy.[2][4][8] On 11 December 1941, he stood alongside Benito Mussolini on the balcony of the Piazza Venezia in Rome as Italy's declaration of war on the United States was announced.[9][10]

He worked to bolster Tripartite Pact cooperation along with Ambassador Hiroshi Oshima. In 1941, he received the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class. In 1942, he resigned as Ambassador and served as Special Envoy in Europe for two years. He returned to Japan in 1944. On 24 February 1945, he was appointed Imperial Appointed Member of the House of Peers.[2][11] In 1946, he was purged from public office,[2] resigned from the House of Peers on 15 June 1946,[12] and died of a peptic ulcer at home in Iizaka on 25 November 1946, aged 64.[3]

Honors

Japanese court ranks
Orders and decorations
Year of Award Ribbon Order / Medal
10 November 1915 Taishō Enthronement Commemorative Medal[18]
1 April 1916 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th Class[19]
1 November 1920 Order of the Rising Sun, Small Badge[20]
1 July 1921 First National Census Commemorative Medal[21]
25 December 1923 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd Class[22]
10 Novemeber 1928 One Gold Cup[23]
12 February 1930 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd Class[24]
1 May 1931 Capital Reconstruction Commemorative Medal[25]
29 April 1934 Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class[26]
10 Novemeber 1940 2600th Anniversary of the Imperial Era Commemorative Medal[27]
9 August 1941 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st Class[28]
Foreign decorations
Date Country Ribbon Order
1 March 1934 Manchukuo Imperial Visit to Japan Commemorative Medal[29]
21 September 1935 Manchukuo Emperor's Visit Commemorative Medal[30]
7 June 1941 Kingdom of Italy Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Grand Cross[31]

Family

  • Wife: Misuzu Horikiri (daughter of Shutaro Yoshino)[32]
  • Eldest daughter: Ryoko Jūmonji (wife of Toshio Jūmonji)
  • Brothers: Zenjiro Horikiri (Home Ministry official), Hisagoro Uchiike (House of Representatives member)

References

  1. ^ a b 'Keio University General Register Taisho 3' Chapter 22, Graduates p.175 (National Diet Library Digital Collection), accessed 10 Nov 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Cite error: The named reference keio_database was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Asahi Shimbun, 27 Nov 1946
  4. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference OldHorikiriResidence was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Tokyo Nichinichi Shimbun, 30 March 1927; Showa News Encyclopedia, vol.1 p.238
  6. ^ Tokyo Asahi Shimbun, 7 April 1927; Showa News Encyclopedia, vol.1 p.238
  7. ^ Tokyo Nichinichi Shimbun, 17 Dec 1927; Showa News Encyclopedia, vol.1 p.240
  8. ^ "Zenbei Horikiri selected as ambassador to Italy: Reform of diplomatic staff progresses". Kobe University Digital Archive. Kobe University Library. 27 September 1940. Retrieved 15 March 2026.
  9. ^ Nihon Gaikoshi Jiten, appendix (1979). pp. 353-354.
  10. ^ "L'Illustrazione Italiana". L'Illustrazione Italiana. Vol. LXVIII, no. 51. 21 December 1941. p. 7. Retrieved 15 March 2026.
  11. ^ House of Peers Directory, 1947, p.53
  12. ^ Official Gazette No.5827, 19 June 1946
  13. ^ Official Gazette No.1874, 1 Nov 1918
  14. ^ Official Gazette No.2809, 12 Dec 1921
  15. ^ Official Gazette No.2191, 24 Apr 1934
  16. ^ Official Gazette No.4701, 9 Sep 1942
  17. ^ Official Gazette No.5378, 16 Dec 1944
  18. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 1311, Appendix “Appointments,” December 14, 1916.
  19. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 1218, “Appointments and Orders,” August 21, 1916.
  20. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 2640, “Appointments and Orders,” May 21, 1921.
  21. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 2860, Appendix “Appointments,” February 16, 1922.
  22. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 3404, “Appointments and Orders,” December 26, 1923.
  23. ^ ‘Kanpō’ Extra Edition, “Titles, Appointments and Orders,” November 10, 1928.
  24. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 935, “Appointments and Orders,” February 13, 1930.
  25. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 1499, Appendix “Appointments II,” December 28, 1931.
  26. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 2696, Appendix “Appointments II,” December 27, 1935.
  27. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 4438, Appendix “Appointments II,” October 23, 1941.
  28. ^ ‘Kanpō’ No. 4379, “Appointments and Orders,” August 12, 1941.
  29. ^ Official Gazette No.2493, 27 Apr 1935
  30. ^ Official Gazette No.2866, 22 Jul 1936
  31. ^ Official Gazette No.4326, 11 Jun 1941
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference jin8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Bibliography

  • Keio University ed., 'Keio University General Register Taisho 3', Keio University, 1914

See also

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