Harvard brick
Harvard brick is a water-struck brick[1] and a technique for building brick facades in imitation of much older ones. The use of waterstruck bricks with visible defects was made popular by architect Charles McKim in conjunction with the construction (1889) of the Johnston Gate, the "oldest and grandest" of the gates surrounding Harvard Yard in Cambridge, Massachusetts. "McKim made the gate harmonious with the Yard's older buildings ... To convey a sense of age, he looked for 'culls', bricks that had been turned green, tan, or black by excessive heat. He laid them out in a sophisticated pattern called Flemish bond",[2] thus achieving "just the variegated color and texture of the weathered walls of neighboring Massachusetts and Harvard Halls."[3][4]
While originally the term "Harvard brick" was applied only to the bricks with overburnt faces, the definition became looser with time.[5] The popularity of the Harvard water-struck brick caused the New England Brick Company (NEBCO) to continue manufacturing bricks in this inefficient technique (it required a lot of manual labor) all the way to 1930.[1] NEBCO bricks were extensively used in construction of Georgian Revival buildings in the 1910s-1920s Harvard. The elegant-sounding name was also used for branding high-end, but otherwise unrelated, brick products.[6]
References
- ^ a b Long 1978.
- ^ Topczewska, Ola (3 May 2016). "Johnston Gate: Harvard's Oldest and Grandest". In Kamin, Blair (ed.). Gates of Harvard Yard. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 18–25. ISBN 9781616894641.
- ^ Roth, Leland (1983). McKim, Mead & White, Architects. Harper and Row.
- ^ Shand-Tucci, Douglas (2001). The Campus Guide: Harvard University. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 29–31. ISBN 9781568982809.
- ^ United States Bureau of Mines 1968, p. 529.
- ^ Bunting 1985, p. 297, Note 25.
Sources
- Bunting, Bainbridge (1985). Harvard: An Architectural History. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-37291-7. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
- Long, G. Burton (1978). "The Romance of Brick". The Proceedings of the Cambridge Historical Society. 42. History Cambridge.
- United States Bureau of Mines (1968). "harvard brick". A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms. U.S. Bureau of Mines. Retrieved 2026-02-13.