Abu Qatada al-Ansari

Abu Qatada ibn Rab'i al-Ansari al-Khazraji
أبو قتادة بن ربيع الأنصاري الخزرجي
Born
Yathrib, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day Medina, Saudi Arabia)
Diedc. 665
Kufa, Iraq
Conflicts
RelationsRab'i ibn Baldama (father)[1]
Kabsha bint Muthar (mother)[1]

Abu Qatada al-Ansari (Arabic: أبو قتادة الأنصاري, romanized: Abū Qatāda al-Anṣārī), also known as Al-Harith ibn Rab'i (Arabic: الحارث بن ربعي, romanized: al-Ḥārith ibn Rabʿī), was one of the companions of Muhammad. He assisted the battles of Uhud and Hudaybiyya.

Biography

Abu Qatada was born in Medina and hailed from the Banu Sulaym branch of the Khazraj tribe.[1] He was married to Kabsha bint Kab ibn Malik and had a son named Qatada.[2]

Military service under Muhammad

Abu Qatada participated in nearly all major engagements of the early Muslim community, with many sources noting his absence only from the Battle of Badr.[3] He distinguished himself as a premier cavalryman during the Expedition of Dhu Qarad (627 AD). Following a Ghatafan raid on the outskirts of Medina, Abu Qatada engaged the invaders in a pursuit, personally defeating their leader, Abd al-Rahman ibn Uyayna, in a duel. This feat led Muhammad to name him the "best of our horse riders."[4][5]

Beyond open battlefield combat, Abu Qatada was frequently entrusted with high-stakes strategic missions. In 629 AD, he was a key member of the party led by Abdullah ibn Atik that successfully assassinated the tribal instigator Abu Rafi within his Hijaz fortress.[6][7] Later that year, he was granted independent command of two critical operations: the Expedition of Khadira, where he dispersed gathering Ghatafan forces, and the Expedition of Idam. The latter was a tactical maneuver involving a small unit designed to divert tribal attention away from the Muslims' secret mobilization for the Conquest of Mecca. days to reach their destinations. the expedition was a success as Abu Qatada killed and captured several members of Ghatafan tribe during the raid while also manage to secure spoils.[8][9]

Abu Qatada concluded his service under Muhammad at the Battle of Hunayn, where he was noted for his defense of the army during the initial ambush and his subsequent narrations regarding the division of war booty.[10][11]

Later career and Caliphate of Ali

During the caliphate of Ali, Abu Qatada remained a staunch supporter, participating in all major campaigns including the Battle of the Camel. Upon entering Basra, he reportedly led a contingent of 1,000 horsemen, maintaining his reputation as a senior military commander.[12]

Death

Abu Qatada died in Kufa, Iraq in 50 AH or 665 AD.[3]

Legacy

Abu Qatada known in Islamic scholars community as narrators of many hadiths which quoted in several hadith collections, including Sahih Bukhari.

Abu Qatada narrated:

A funeral procession passed by Allah's Apostle who said, "Relieved or relieving?" The people asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is relieved and relieving?" He said, "A believer is relieved (by death) from the troubles and hardships of the world and leaves for the Mercy of Allah, while (the death of) a wicked person relieves the people, the land, the trees, (and) the animals from him."[13]

Abu Qatada also narrated hadith regarding fiqh ruling of swearing in transaction which became basis guidance for Sunni Madhhab scholars to implement Sharia law regarding communication during any economical transaction[4]

See also

Bibliography

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c 'Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari, Ali (2012). أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة - الفهارس- Usd al Ghabat fi ma'rifat alsahhabat. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al Ibn Hazm. ISBN 978-9953-81-621-0. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  2. ^ Al-Muwatta
  3. ^ a b ad-Dhahabi, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. "siyar A'lam Nubala سير أعلام النبلاء". al-Eman. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b Nashiruddin al-Albani, Muhammad (2016). Mukhtasar Saheeh Muslim Sharah al-Albani (translated ed.). Shahih. pp. 1100 pages. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  5. ^ Mufti, M. Mukarram Ahmed (Dec 2007), Encyclopaedia of Islam, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd., p. 228, ISBN 978-81-261-2339-1
  6. ^ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2004). Atlas Al-sīrah Al-Nabawīyah. Darussalam. ISBN 9960897710. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  7. ^ Armansyah, Misran (2018). Para Penentang Muhammad Saw. Safina. p. 300. ISBN 978-6025453229. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  8. ^ Al-Mubarakpuri, Safiur-Rahman (2014). The Sealed Nectar: Ar-Raheeq Al Makhtoom. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4849-7485-8. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  9. ^ Muir, Sir William (1861). "The Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  10. ^ al-Mishri, Mahmud (8 July 2016). "Sahabat-sahabat Rasulullah, 1 Set Lengkap, 4 Jilid ― Syaikh Mahmud Al-Mishri ― Pustaka Ibnu Katsir". Muslim Media book Store. Pustaka Ibnu Katsir. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  11. ^ University of Southern California MSA Compendium
  12. ^ Restatement of History of Islam The Battle of Basra on Al-Islam.org, http://www.ismaili.net/Source/myflag/04islamic.html
  13. ^ al-Bukhari, Muhammad. "81 To make the Heart Tender (Ar-Riqaq); (42) Chapter: The stupors of death". Sunnah.com. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
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