Hans in Luck

Hans in Luck
1912 illustration by Robert Anning Bell
Folk tale
NameHans in Luck
CountryGermany
RegionCassel
Origin Date1812
Published inGrimm's Fairy Tales

"Hans in Luck" (German: Hans im Glück) is a fairy tale of Germanic origin, recorded by the Brothers Grimm. It is Aarne-Thompson type 1415 "Trading Away One's Fortune".[1]

Plot summary

Hans has been working hard for seven years but wishes to return to see his poor mother. His master pays him his wages which amounts to a lump of gold the size of his head. Hans puts the gold in a handkerchief and starts out on his journey jogging but soon becomes tired. He spots a rider on horseback and seeing the ease at which the horse travels he offers to exchange his lump of gold for the horse. Happy with the exchange, the man gives him the horse and Hans rides off.

The horse bolts and Hans gets bucked off, whereupon he meets a shepherd who convinces Hans to trade his horse for a cow. Telling Hans that a cow can provide milk, cheese and butter and is of more leisurely company. Hans takes up on the offer and continues his journey only to find that the cow is dry and not producing any milk as he had been told.

Disgruntled with the cow, Hans meets a butcher who gives him a pig for the cow. Thanking the butcher for the pig, Hans sets off jogging again, hopeful he has now found an ideal travel companion. Alas, Hans meets a countryman who informs him that the pig's owner is the squire and he is in danger of being arrested for taking the squire's pig. Hans takes the countryman's goose in exchange for his pig, happy that it will provide a good roast and a supply of goose fat.

At his next stop in a village, Hans meets a scissor-grinder and explains his story to him. The scissor-grinder offers him a grindstone for his goose arguing that a grindstone will provide a source of income. Hans happily exchanges the goose for the grindstone. He continues on his way, but is tired carrying the grindstone and is short of money for food.

Hans stops for a drink on the banks of a river, the grindstone falls into the deep water and is lost. Hans is happy to be rid of the heavy grindstone and being free of all troubles. He walks on to his mother's house and recounts his lucky tale.

Analysis

Tale type

The tale is classified, in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index, as type ATU 1415, "Lucky Hans", a tale type characterized by foolish bargains made by the titular foolish hero:[2][3] the protagonist is paid for his service with a large gold nugget, which he trades for a horse, which he trades for a cow and other animals, until he eventually gains a whetstone which he drops in a well; losing each object gained in the chain of trades, he believes that he has made a fair deal, and is happy enough with the results of his trades.[4][5][6]

Origins

"Hans in Luck" is a German folk tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in the second edition of Grimm's Fairy Tales in 1819. It was based on a publication of the tale "Hans Wohlgemut" by Friedrich August Wernicke in magazine Wünschelruthe, 1818, issue 33. German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther, in Enzyklopädie des Märchens, suggested that Wernicke's is a literary fairy tale, rather than a truly folk one, and argued that the stabilization of its structure (e.g., the chain of trades done by Hans) "prevented" its transmission as a legitimate oral tale.[7][8]

Interpretation

"Hans in Luck" has been described as an ironic, humorous tale (schwank) which inverts the normal "rags to riches" story format:[9] the story goes in the direction of anticlimax[7] It can be interpreted as anti-materialistic as Hans trades in his newly won treasures and expresses relief to be freed from the weight to return home happily.[10] Furthermore, Uther interprets Hans's character as carefree and naïve, who is yet cheerful and enjoying his personal happiness more than material gains.[11]

It can also be set apart from many other folk and fairy tales as it avoids romantic themes, since the protagonist returns home without a bride; instead, he ends the story wanting to return home to his mother.[12]

Adaptations

The story has been adapted in several films: 1925, 1928, 1936, 1949, 1956; and later:

Some of the works titled Hans im Glück are only superficially related to the fairy tale, mostly due to the catchy title. These include:

Variants of the motif

The English fairy tale The Hedley Kow contains a similar sequence in which the main character persuades herself that every change is proof of her good luck.[13]

American folklorist Arthur Fauset listed The Contented Old Lady as another variant.[14]

A French variant, "Jean-Baptiste's Swaps," was collected by Paul Delarue.[15]

Gudbrand on the Hill-side is a Norwegian variant.[16]

Vance Randolph's anthology, The Devil's Pretty Daughter and Other Ozark Follk Tales, includes a variant entitled "Setting Down the Budget."[17]

A Russian variant ("Barter"; pre-reform Russian: Мѣна, modern Russian: Мeна) was collected by Alexander Afanasyev in his Russian Fairy Tales,[18] two Russian and one Ukrainian variants.[19] It was translated into English by Norbert Guterman.[20]

References

  1. ^ D. L. Ashliman, Trading Away One's Fortune: folktales of type 1415
  2. ^ Thompson, Stith (1977). The Folktale. University of California Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-520-03537-2.
  3. ^ Ashliman, D. L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne-Thompson Classification System. Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature, vol. 11. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1987. pp. 247-248. ISBN 0-313-25961-5.
  4. ^ Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1973 [1961]. pp. 416-417.
  5. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2011) [2004]. The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Vol. 2: Tales of the Stupid Ogre, Anecdotes and Jokes, and Formula Tales. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-951-41-1055-9.
  6. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2016) [1990]. "Hans im Glück (AaTh 1415)" [Lucky Hans (ATU 1415)]. In Rolf Wilhelm Brednich; Heidrun Alzheimer; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Daniel Drascek; Helge Gerndt; Ines Köhler-Zülch; Klaus Roth; Hans-Jörg Uther (eds.). Enzyklopädie des Märchens Online (in German). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 487–488. doi:10.1515/emo.6.102.
  7. ^ a b Marion Schmaus, Von „Hans im Glück“ und anderen Glückssuchern. Erzähllogik und Hermeneutik in den Märchen der Brüder Grimm
  8. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2016) [1990]. "Hans im Glück (AaTh 1415)" [Lucky Hans (ATU 1415)]. In Rolf Wilhelm Brednich; Heidrun Alzheimer; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Daniel Drascek; Helge Gerndt; Ines Köhler-Zülch; Klaus Roth; Hans-Jörg Uther (eds.). Enzyklopädie des Märchens Online (in German). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. p. 488. doi:10.1515/emo.6.102.
  9. ^ Tatar, Maria (1991) [1987]. The hard facts of the Grimms' fairy tales. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-0-691-01487-6.
  10. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2016) [1990]. "Hans im Glück (AaTh 1415)" [Lucky Hans (ATU 1415)]. In Rolf Wilhelm Brednich; Heidrun Alzheimer; Hermann Bausinger; Wolfgang Brückner; Daniel Drascek; Helge Gerndt; Ines Köhler-Zülch; Klaus Roth; Hans-Jörg Uther (eds.). Enzyklopädie des Märchens Online (in German). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 488–489. doi:10.1515/emo.6.102.
  11. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2021). "Nachweise und Kommentare". Handbuch zu den "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" der Brüder Grimm: Entstehung – Wirkung – Interpretation (in German). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 183-188 [184]. doi:10.1515/9783110747584-001. ISBN 978-3-11-074758-4.
  12. ^ Uther, Hans-Jörg (2021). "Nachweise und Kommentare". Handbuch zu den "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" der Brüder Grimm: Entstehung – Wirkung – Interpretation (in German). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 183-188 [184-185]. doi:10.1515/9783110747584-001. ISBN 978-3-11-074758-4.
  13. ^ Jacobs, Joseph (1894). More English Fairy Tales. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 55–59.
  14. ^ Fauset, Arthur (1931). "Folklore from Nova Scotia". Memoirs of the American Folklore Society. XXIV: 105–106. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  15. ^ Delarue, Paul (1956). The Borzoi Book of French Folk Tales. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 352–354.
  16. ^ Dasent, George (1912). Popular Tales from the Norse (2 ed.). New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 149–154.
  17. ^ Randolph, Vance (1955). The Devil's Pretty Daughter, and Other Ozark Folk Tales. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 20–22.
  18. ^ Александр Николаевич Афанасьев, Народныя русскія сказки и легенды, vol.2, Издательство И.П. Ладыжникова, Berlin, 1922, p. 347, Мѣна
  19. ^ Народные русские сказки (Афанасьев)/Мена
  20. ^ Guterman, Norbert (1945). Russian Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 338–340.
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