HIV/AIDS in North America

As of 2016, it is estimated that there are 1.5 million adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in North America, excluding Central America and the Caribbean.[1] 70,000 adults and children are newly infected every year, and the overall adult prevalence is 0.5%.[1] 26,000 people in North America (again, excluding Central America and the Caribbean) die from AIDS every year.[1]

HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in North America vary from 0.23% in Mexico to 3.22% in The Bahamas.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Antigua and Barbuda

Since the country's first HIV diagnosis in December 1985, reported cases of HIV have consistently increased through 2023.[3][4] While the prevalence of HIV has persisted in both men and women ages 15 to 24, it remains relatively low at 0.2% as of 2024.[5] The government and its implementation partners have facilitated free, confidential HIV testing, along with offering free antiretroviral medication.[6]

HIV/AIDS in The Bahamas

After a rapid increase from 1990 to 1995, the number of people of all ages living with HIV in the Bahamas has persisted at 4,100 to 4,500 total annually.[7] In 2013, the adult prevalence rate was estimated to be 3.22%, which decreased to 1% of the general population in 2021.[2] Of newly diagnosed HIV cases in 2021, the majority were males, persons aged 30 - 49, and persons living on the New Providence island.[8]

HIV/AIDS in Barbados

There has been a significant annual increase of people living with HIV/AIDS in Barbados, from less than 500 in 1990 to 2,400 in 2023.[9] In 2013, the adult prevalence rate was estimated to be 0.88%, which increased to 1.5% in 2019 and was approximately 1% in 2022.[2][10] Although the majority of people living with HIV know their status, only 52% are on treatment and only 46% are virally repressed.[10] In 2018, after the Bahamas, Barbados became the second country in the English-speaking Caribbean to implement PrEP in its HIV prevention strategy nationally.

HIV/AIDS in Belize

As of 2023, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Belize was estimated to be 1.10%, or about 3,600 - 3,800 people total, which is relatively high for the region.[2][11][12] This reflects a significant and consistent annual increase of cases since 1990.[11] In 2007 - 2011, the HIV prevalence rate was estimated to be as high as 2.1% among adults, which at the time was the highest in Central America and third-highest in the broader Caribbean after the Bahamas and Haiti.[13]

HIV/AIDS in Canada

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Canada was estimated at 0.30%.[2] There has been a steady increase of people living with HIV in Canada, beginning at 31,000 in 1990 and now estimated at 64,000 in 2023.[14] Stronger than this trend is the coverage of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, which has spiked from less than 1% in 1990 - 1995 to nearly 80% by 2021.[14]

HIV/AIDS in Costa Rica

As of 2014, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Costa Rica was estimated to be 0.26%.[2] This reflects a consistent annual increase in people living with HIV, which has grown to exceed 20,000 in 2023.[15] Since 2000, there has also been a continued increase in new HIV infections each year through 2023.[15] An annual increase in coverage of people receiving antiretroviral therapy since 2000 has also matched these trends.[15]

HIV/AIDS in Cuba

As of 2014, the adult prevalence rate pf HIV/AIDS in Cuba was estimated to be 0.25%.[2] More recently, UNAIDS reports a steady annual increase of people living with HIV in Cuba, reported to be as high as 41,000 people in 2023, with a corresponding increase to 70% coverage of people receiving antiretroviral treatment.[16] Cuba's policies of mandatory quarantining of HIV-positive individuals and mandatory HIV testing are unique to the region.[17][18][19]

HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic was estimated to be 0.68%, which increased to 1% in 2023 to be considered a concentrated epidemic.[2][20][21]

HIV/AIDS in El Salvador

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in El Salvador was estimated to be 0.60%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Grenada

HIV/AIDS in Guatemala

As of 2023, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Guatemala was estimated to be 0.20%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Haiti

As of 2014, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Haiti was estimated to be 1.93%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Honduras

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate HIV/AIDS in Honduras was estimated to be 0.50%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Jamaica

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Jamaica was estimated to be 1.70%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Mexico

As of 2014, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Mexico was estimated to be 0.23%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua was estimated to be 0.30%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Panama

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Panama was estimated to be 0.70%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in Saint Kitts and Nevis

HIV/AIDS in Saint Lucia

HIV/AIDS in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago

As of 2012, the adult prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago was estimated to be 1.60%.[2]

HIV/AIDS in the United States

Further information: HIV/AIDS in the United States

In 2012, the adult prevalence rate was estimated to be 0.60%.[2] African-Americans are at the highest risk of contracting HIV in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC), African-American accounted for 44% of all new HIV infections in the United States between 2010 and 2016, although African-Americans make up roughly 12% of the American population.[22] The extent of the HIV/AIDS crisis within the African-American community is an indication that the solution will also need to be multi-faceted ranging from increasing access to health care to reducing the stigma that HIV and homosexuality has within the African-American community.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Worldwide AIDS & HIV Statistics". Avert. 31 December 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Central Intelligence Agency (2016). "CIA World Factbook - HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  3. ^ "Global AIDS Response Progress Report Antigua and Barbuda, Reporting Period: January 2010 - December 2011" (PDF). unaids.org. March 31, 2012.
  4. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". www.unaids.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  5. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  6. ^ "National Report Antigua and Barbuda – June 2024" (PDF). cepal.org.
  7. ^ "Bahamas". www.unaids.org. 2020-05-29. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  8. ^ "Bahamas Ministry of Health and Wellness HIV Surveillance Fact Sheet 2021" (PDF).
  9. ^ "Barbados". www.unaids.org. 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  10. ^ a b Best, Anton; Rambarran, Nastassia (2021). "The demographic features and outcome indicators of the Barbados HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Program, 2018-2019". Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health. 45: e51. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2021.51. ISSN 1680-5348. PMC 8064290. PMID 33907558.
  11. ^ a b "Belize | UNAIDS". www.unaids.org. 2017-07-16. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  12. ^ "Belize – PANCAP". pancap.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  13. ^ "UN helps Belize fight highest incidence of HIV/AIDS in Central America". UN News. 2011-08-03. Archived from the original on 2023-09-14. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  14. ^ a b "Canada". www.unaids.org. 2016-12-31. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  15. ^ a b c "Costa Rica | UNAIDS". www.unaids.org. 2017-07-16. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  16. ^ "Cuba | UNAIDS". www.unaids.org. 2015-11-16. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  17. ^ Hoffman, Sarah Z. (December 2004). "HIV/AIDS in Cuba: a model for care or an ethical dilemma?". African Health Sciences. 4 (3): 208–209. ISSN 1680-6905. PMC 2688320. PMID 15687079.
  18. ^ Fortner, Melissa Lockhart (2009-04-17). "Perspectives: Cuba's Success With HIV/AIDS". Foreign Policy Association. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  19. ^ "An Isolated Incident". Duke University Science & Society. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  20. ^ CDC (2025-07-10). "HIV and TB Overview: Dominican Republic". Global HIV and TB. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  21. ^ Rojas, Malow, Ruffin, Rothe, Rosenberg (March 2011). "The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Dominican Republic: Key Contributing Factors".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Geographic Distribution | Statistics Overview | Statistics Center | HIV/AIDS | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2018-06-25. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
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