Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21
| Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21 | |
|---|---|
| Created | 11th Century |
| Discovered | Nordanstig, Hälsingland, Sweden |
| Rundata ID | Hs 21 |
| Runemaster | Gunnborga |
The Hälsingland Runic Inscription 21 is a Viking Age memorial runestone cataloged as Hs 21 under Rundata, located in Jättendal, Nordanstig Municipality, Hälsingland, Sweden. It is notable for being crafted by a female runemaster (or runemistress), so far the only byspell of such kind.
Description
This runestone consists of runish text carved within a band that curves along the stone. The granite runestone, which is two meters in height, is classified as being carved in a runestone style known as RAK. The inscription states that the runemistress, Gunnborga, "painted" the runes. She is the only known female runecarver during this time period in Scandinavia. The runish text uses the word fahido, "painted", also translated as "carved" or "inscribed."[1] Although many runestones had their inscriptions painted, there is no direct evidence that this particular runestone was painted.
Of the personal names in the inscription, Ásmundr means "Godlyhand",[2] with Ás or áss ("god") being the singular of Æsir; Farthegn means either "Far-Faring Thegn" or "Far-Faring Warrior";[3] and the personal name Þorketil (Thorketill, literally "Thorkettle"), which is a theophoric name revering the Norse god Thor, means "Thor's Vessel", possibly referring to divine possession or to a type of sacrificial cauldron[4]—the Poetic Edda poem Hymiskviða, for byspell, includes a story of Thor fetching a large cauldron to brew ale.
Inscription
asmuntr
Ásmundr
·
ok
ok
fa[r]þ[i]k[l]
Farþegn,
·
þiʀ
þeir
ritu
réttu
stin
stein
·
þina
þenna
·
aftiʀ
eptir
þu[rkatil
Þorketil,
·
faþur
fǫður
sin
sinn,
·
a
á
utrunkum
Vatrungum.
·
k]unburka
Gunnborga
faþ[i
fáði
stin
stein
þina
þenna,
in
hin
kuþa]
góða.
Ásmundr and Farþegn, they erected this stone in memory of Þorketill of Vattrång, their father. Gunnborga the good coloured this stone. [5]
See also
References
- ^ Antonsen, Elmer H. (2002). Runes and Germanic Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 280–289. ISBN 3-11-017462-6.
- ^ Yonge, Charlotte Mary (2004). History of Christian Names. Kessinger Publishing. pp. xxxix. ISBN 978-0-7661-8321-6.
- ^ Harrison, Henry (1996). Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary. Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 143. ISBN 0-8063-0171-6.;
- ^ Grimm, Jacob (1882). Teutonic Mythology. Vol. 1. Translated by Stallybrass, James Steven. George Bell & Sons. pp. 186–187.
- ^ "Runic inscription Hs 21". Scandinavian Runic-text Database (2020 ed.). Uppsala University: Department of Scandinavian Languages. Retrieved Feb 25, 2024.
External links
- Image of this runestone from The Swedish National Heritage Board
