Governorates of Italian East Africa
Italian East Africa was a territory occupied by Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941 in the Horn of Africa.[1][2][3][4][5] It encompassed Italian Somaliland, Italian Eritrea, and occupied Ethiopian territories, all administered by a single administrative unit, the Governo Generale dell'Africa Orientale Italiana.[1][6] The region was governed from Addis Ababa under the authority of a Governor-General, who represented the Italian crown and exercised executive powers in the territories.
Italian East Africa was administratively divided into six governorates. Eritrea and Somalia, Italian possessions since the 1880s, were enlarged with captured Ethiopian territory and became the Eritrea and Somalia Governorates.[7] The remainder of the occupied Ethiopian territories comprised the Harar, Galla-Sidamo, Amhara, and Scioa Governorates. At its largest extent, Italian East Africa occupied territories in British Somaliland, British Kenya, and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.[8] By 1939, it was settled by about 165,270 Italian colonists.
The governorates were divided into governor commissariats, governed by a governor commissioner assisted by a vice commissioner. The commissariats were divided into residences, sometimes divided into vice residences. The governor commissioners were usually also the owners of the residence with headquarters in the commissariats capital. As a rule, the headquarters of the commissariats were provided with primary schools, post offices and telegraphs, infirmaries with a doctor, and runways for airplanes. The residences were equipped with a post office, telegraph and infirmary with a doctor.
List of governorates
| English | Capital | Total population[7] | Italians[7] | Tag | Coat of arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amhara Governorate | Gondar | 2,000,000 | 11,103 | AM | |
| Eritrea Governorate | Asmara | 1,500,000 | 72,408 | ER | |
| Galla-Sidamo Governorate | Jimma | 4,000,000 | 11,823 | GS | |
| Harar Governorate | Harar | 1,600,000 | 10,035 | HA | |
| Scioa Governorate (Known as the Addis Abeba Governorate until 1938) |
Addis Ababa | 1,850,000 | 40,698 | SC | |
| Somalia Governorate | Mogadishu | 1,150,000 (2,000,000 after the annexation of British Somaliland) |
19,200 | SOM |
See also
References
- ^ a b Ben-Ghiat & Fuller 2016, p. 7.
- ^ Mockler 2019, p. 475.
- ^ Pergher 2017, p. 4.
- ^ Ben-Ghiat & Fuller 2016, p. xvii.
- ^ Sbacchi 1997, p. 163.
- ^ Mockler 2019, p. 165.
- ^ a b c Istat (December 2010). "I censimenti nell'Italia unita I censimenti nell'Italia unita Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI STATISTICA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI DEMOGRAFIA STORICA Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo" (PDF). Annali di Statistica. XII. 2: 263. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- ^ Stewart 2016, p. 75-147.
External links
Bibliography
- Ben-Ghiat, R.; Fuller, M. (2016-04-30). Italian Colonialism. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4039-8158-5.
- Mockler, Anthony (2019). Il mito dell'Impero. Storia delle guerre italiane in Abissinia e in Etiopia (in Italian). Res Gestae. ISBN 978-88-6697-269-3.
- Pergher, Roberta (2017-11-02). Mussolini's Nation-Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-35595-7.
- Sbacchi, Alberto (1997). Legacy of Bitterness. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press(NJ). ISBN 0-932415-74-1.
- Stewart, Andrew (2016). The First Victory: The Second World War and the East Africa Campaign. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-20855-9.