Ghallughara (Sikhism)

Ghallughara (Punjabi: ਘੱਲੂਘਾਰਾ [tʃʰoːʈäː kəl˨luːkäː˨ɾäː]) is a historical Punjabi concept in Sikhism for holocaust, massacre, or genocide.[1] This term refers to many historical massacres and genocides of Sikhs and it is deeply significant in Sikh history and consciousness, primarily with reference to three major events i.e. Chhota Ghallughara,[2][3] the Vadda Ghalughara[4][5] and the 1984 Ghallughara.[6][1] The word Ghallughara first occurs in Rattan Singh Bhangu's Panth Prakash, specifically in an episode in the work titled Sakhi Ghallughare ki ("Eye-witness account of Ghallughara").[1] Much information of the two historical Ghallugharas of the 18th century are sourced from Bhangu's works, as he had eyewitness accounts to glean information from due to his family-background.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Singh, Harinder (31 December 2024). "Ghallugharas & Raj: Exterminations to Sovereignty". Sikh Research Institute. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
  2. ^ p.86, Routledge, W. Owen Cole, Piara Singh Sambhi, 2005
  3. ^ Singh, Harinder (20 May 2025). "Chota Ghallughara: Remembering 1746". Sikh Research Institute. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
  4. ^ Kaur, Amrit (8 February 2018). "Vadda Sikh Ghallughara - The Bigger Holocaust". Punjab Khabar. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Sikh Legacy: Remembering Vadda Ghallughara". Sikh Research Institute. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
  6. ^ According to the Punjabi-English Dictionary, eds. S.S. Joshi, Mukhtiar Singh Gill, (Patiala, India: Punjabi University Publication Bureau, 1994) the definitions of "Ghalughara" are as follows: "holocaust, massacre, great destruction, deluge, genocide, slaughter, (historically) the great loss of life suffered by Sikhs at the hands of their rulers, particularly on 1 May 1746 and 5 February 1762" (p. 293).


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