Gevherhan Sultan (daughter of Selim II)

Gevherhan Sultan
Bornc. 1544
Manisa, Ottoman Empire
Diedafter 1622
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Hagia Sophia Mosque, Istanbul
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1562; died 1578)​
​
​
(m. 1579; died 1604)​
Issue
  • first marriage
  • Ayşe Atike Hanımsultan
  • Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha
  • Sultanzade Mustafa Bey
  • Fatma Hanımsultan
  • Hatice Hanımsultan
  • second marriage
  • Sultanzade Salih Bey
Names
Turkish: Gevherhan Sultan
Ottoman Turkish: کوهرخان سلطان
DynastyOttoman
FatherSelim II
MotherNurbanu Sultan
ReligionSunni Islam

Gevherhan Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: کوھرخان سلطان; c. 1544 – after 1622) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Selim II (r. 1566–1574) and his favorite Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566) and Hürrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III (r. 1574–1595) and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III (r. 1595–1603).

Early life

Gevherhan Sultan was born in Manisa in 1544.[1][2] Her father was Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hurrem Sultan.[1][2][3] She spent her early life in Manisa and Konya, where her father served as a sanjak-bey.[2]

She had an older sister, Şah Sultan and a younger sister, Ismihan Sultan[4], a younger brother, Murad III, a younger half-sister Fatma Sultan and seven younger half-brothers who were killed as infants when Murad ascended the throne.

Manisa palace records list her mother and those of Ismihan and Şah as three different women.[4]

First marriage

In 1562, strong alliances were made for the daughters of Şehzade Selim, the prince who would succeed Suleiman as Selim II. On 17 August 1562 Ismihan married Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Gevherhan the admiral Piali Pasha, and Şah the chief falconer Hasan Agha.[5] The State Treasury covered the expenses for the imperial wedding and granted 15,000 florins as a wedding gift to the imperial son-in-law.[6][7]

After the triple wedding, Mihrimah Sultan, Gevherhan's aunt, pushed assiduously for a naval campaign against Malta, enlisting the help of the grand vizier Semiz Ali Pasha, and promising to outfit four hundred ships at her own expanse. However, Suleiman and his son Selim prevented the campaign from going forward so that the admiral, Piali Pasha, might remain in Istanbul with his new wife, Gevherhan Sultan.[8]

The two together had two sons, Sultanzade Mustafa Bey (who died in 1593)[9] and Sultanzade Mehmed Bey and three daughters, Ayşe Atike Hanımsultan, Fatma Hanımsultan,[10][7] and Hatice Hanımsultan.[11][12][13]

In 1575, just after her brother Sultan Murad ascended to the throne her daily stipend consisted of 250 aspers.[14] Gevherhan was widowed at Piali Pasha's death in 1578.[7][10]

Second marriage

In 1579,[15] Gevherhan Sultan married Cerrah Mehmed Pasha, and they had a son, Sultanzade Salih Bey.[16] When he was promoted from the generalship of the janissaries to the governorship of Rumelia in March 1580, people opined that it was due to the political power of Gevherhan Sultan.[15] In 1583, he presented Handan Hatun to then Prince Mehmed (later Mehmed III) on his departure for Manisa.[17] In 1598, when her husband was appointed the grand vizier during Mehmed III's reign, Gevherhan became an influential political figure in court circles. This position seems to have enabled her to keep in touch with Mehmed III's sons and their mothers as well. Gevherhan was known to be extremely jealous of this husband. On one occasion, she was reported to have stabbed one of her Kalfa because she believed she was provoking her husband.[18]

Gevherhan wrote many letters to her youngest son, Sultanzade Salih Bey, who was the governor of Klis. These letters were considered so important from a political point of view that their translations were sent in Venice by the baylo. She also protected her daughter's husband Sinanpaşaoğlu Mehmed Pasha.[19] She was on friendly terms with Süleyman Agha, the mute of Safiye Sultan.[20]

Soon after his succession, Ahmed I, Mehmed's son by Handan, wanted to express his gratitude to Mehmed Pasha and Gevherhan Sultan for the role they had played in bringing his parents together. By then, however, Cerrah Mehmed Pasha was old and ailing, and died on 9 January 1604. Ahmed, therefore, honored the late pasha's wife. Venetian bailo Contarini records that "having remembered this [i.e., his mother’s background], he sent the sultana [Gevherhan] a thousand gold coins and a sable robe with many other gifts as a sign of welcome, since she had been the origin of his good fortune and of the greatness in which at present he found himself."[21]

Ahmed also named one of his daughters after Gevherhan to further mark his great-aunt's role in his life.[21] Her daily stipend consisted of 350 aspers.[12]

Charities

From her properties she constituted a religious and charitable foundation with whose revenues built and maintained a high theological college in the İstanbul neighbourhood of Cağaloğlu.[10]

Death

She died after 1622[15] and was buried in the mausoleum of her father Sultan Selim II's, next to Hagia Sophia Mosque.[10][22]

Issue

Gevherhan had two sons and three daughters by her first marriage:[7][13]

  • Ayşe Atike Hanımsultan[10] (1563 - c. 1614-1616). She was married to Doğancıbaşı Kerim Ağa. Atike died around 1614-1616, shortly before the birth of Ahmed I's daughter Atike Sultan, who was named in honor of her.
  • Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha . Firstly governor of Peloponnese, until his uncle Murad III, at the request of his mother, appointed him to the position of governor of Herzegovina.
  • Sultanzade Mustafa Bey (? - 1593)[9].
  • Fatma Hanımsultan.[10] Married to some Ibrahim Bey.
  • Hatice Hanımsultan.[11][12] Sometimes considered a daughter born of her mother's second marriage. She married Sinanpashazade (Sinanpaşaoğlu) Mehmed Pasha in November 1598, until Ahmed I executed him in 1605. It is not known if she remarried. Her palace (known as Piyale Pasha Palace) was left to Ismihan Kaya Sultan (daughter of Sultan Murad IV, Ahmed I's son) after her death.

Gevherhan had a son by her second marriage:

  • Sultanzade Salih Bey. Governor of Klis.

References

  1. ^ a b Taner, Melis (2009). 'Power to Kill:' A Discourse of the Royal Hunt During the Reigns of Süleyman the Magnificent and Ahmed I. p. 41.
  2. ^ a b c "SELİM II (ö. 982/1574): Osmanlı padişahı (1566-1574)". İslam Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. ^ Emecen, Feridun M. (2015). "Osmanlı Taşrasında Saray Bürokrasisi: Şehzade Selim'in Kazayâ Defteri". Osmanlı Araştırmaları/The Journal of Ottoman Studies. XLVI: 221–222.
  4. ^ a b Emecen 2015, p. 221.
  5. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 67.
  6. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 68.
  7. ^ a b c d Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 275.
  8. ^ Peirce 1993, pp. 68–69.
  9. ^ a b Grčić, Mirko (2017). "Historical-Geographical Analysis of the Cornelis De Jode's Map "Croatia Versus Turcam" From 1593". Bulletin of the Serbian geographical society: 92.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Uluçay 2011, p. 70.
  11. ^ a b Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (2001). Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar - Volume 3. Üsküdar Belediyesi. p. 1295. ISBN 978-9-759-76063-2.
  12. ^ a b c Belgeler, Türk tarih belgeleri dergisi. 9–11. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi: 155. 1979. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ^ a b Ipşırlı, Mehmet (June 1976). Mustafa Selaniki's history of the Ottomans. p. 211.
  14. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 127.
  15. ^ a b c Tezcan 2001, p. 327 n. 16, 343 n. 132.
  16. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 193.
  17. ^ Börekçi 2010, p. 93.
  18. ^ Börekçi 2010, pp. 93–94.
  19. ^ Pedani 2000, p. 29.
  20. ^ Pedani 2000, p. 20 n. 39.
  21. ^ a b Börekçi 2010, p. 94.
  22. ^ Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 276.

Sources

  • Börekçi, Günhan (2010). Factions And Favorites At The Courts Of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-17) And His Immediate Predecessors (Thesis).
  • Pedani, Maria Pia (2000). "Safiye's Household and Venetian Diplomacy". Turcica. 32.
  • Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-08677-5.
  • Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
  • Tezcan, Baki (November 2001). Searching for Osman: A reassessment of the deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622). pp. 327 n. 16, 343 n. 132.
  • Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara: Ötüken. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.
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