Gesina ter Borch

Gesina ter Borch
Self portrait, 1661
Born(1631-11-15)15 November 1631
Deventer, Dutch Republic
Died16 April 1690(1690-04-16) (aged 58)
Zwolle, Dutch Republic
Known forPainting
MovementDutch Golden Age, Baroque

Gesina ter Borch (Deventer 15 November 1631 – Zwolle 16 April 1690) was a Dutch Golden Age watercolorist and draftswoman, whose work mostly consists of watercolor paintings in albums. Most of her work captured her observations of family life, current events, and fashionable people. In addition to the visual arts, she wrote love poetry.[1]

Early life and education

Gesina ter Borch was born on 15 November 1631 in Deventer in the Dutch Republic, and baptised as 'Geesien'.[2] She was the first child of the third marriage of Gerard ter Borch the Elder, who taught her to draw and paint. Her father was a draftsman and artist, but became a customs collector of commercial trade with the title of license master, working on the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic. He trained her older and younger brothers more formally but Gesina was well educated for a woman of her time and class, learning to read, write and study the art of calligraphy (seen as suitable endeavours for well-born women). She also studied music and learned to draw. Her half-brother Gerard ter Borch II enjoyed artistic success and corresponded with Gesina frequently. After the loss of her younger brother, Moses, in the Battle of Landguard Fort, part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667), Gesina's work conveyed her deep sadness.[3]

Career

Gesina ter Borch was successful during her artistic career, although given her relatively high social class, she did not have to work as an artist for a living.[4] Her earliest dated piece is from 1648, when she was 17 years old.[4]

She also collaborated with her older half-brother Gerard in a few of his pieces. Gesina was a model for many of the ladies that are depicted in Gerard's works Ladies in Satin. Gerard considered Gesina his favorite model for these works. Gesina became a successful watercolorist. During her lifetime, she collected love poetry, and she made illustrations to coincide with it as well. Some albums of her work even included pieces dedicated to songs about love.[5]

Personal life

Ter Borch lived her entire life on the Sassenstraat in Zwolle, where she died on 16 April 1690.[6][4] In 1660, she became friends with Henrik Jordis, a merchant from Amsterdam and an amateur poet. This resulted in courtship but she did not marry.[5]

Works

Only a few paintings by Gesina ter Borch are known, with the only signed painting discovered only in 2024.[7][8] Three watercolor albums survive, as well as 59 loose sheets of drawings.[9] Her work was not widely known during her lifetime, because she was an amateur rather than a professional artist.[10] Between ages 14 and 15, Gesina began her first album of illustrated poetry and calligraphy of moralizing verses, the Materi-boeck,[10] signed with the diminutive form of her name, 'Geesken ter Borch'.[11] Between 1652 and 1660, she produced a second album with 116 sheets containing songs, poems, and illustrations.[12]

Legacy

In 1882 art historian Abraham Bredius rediscovered the family’s albums compiled by Gesina ter Borch and they were acquired by the Rijksmuseum. For well over a century the albums were used as a source for information about ter Borch's more famous brother Gerhard, until the art historians Alison Kettering and Hans Luijten began to study them from interest in Gesina ter Borch herself.[12] Gesina acted as archivist and curator of the family's collections, and took care in placing objects and papers after her death.[1] She also appeared as a model for her brother's genre paintings.[13]

In March of 2021 Ter Borch's work was added to the "Gallery of Honor" at the Rijksmuseum. Ter Borch, Judith Leyster, and Rachel Ruysch were the first women artists to be included in the gallery.[14][15][16]

In 2023, an antique dealer bought a portrait of a toddler he initially thought was a likeness of Prince William III but which on further investigation was discovered to be the only known signed painting by Gesina ter Borch. It was acquired by the Rijksmuseum for over 3 million euros.[8][17]

  • Domestic Argument, 1670. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
  • Portrait of Cornelis Andriesz de Graeff. Mauritshuis, 1673, The Hague.
  • Moses ter Borch Holding a Kolf Stick, c. 1655, National Gallery of Art, Washington

References

  1. ^ a b Eaker, Adam (2024). Gesina ter Borch. Illuminating Women Artists--Renaissance and Baroque. London: Lund Humphries. ISBN 978-1-84822-520-6.
  2. ^ Brouwer, Marjan (2010). De Gouden Eeuw van Gesina ter Borch (in Dutch). Zwolle: Waanders. p. 8. ISBN 9789040077609.
  3. ^ Gesina ter Borch in the RKD
  4. ^ a b c "Gesina ter Borch Is No Longer Just a Footnote in Her Brother's Story". www.getty.edu. Archived from the original on 2025-03-23. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
  5. ^ a b Kettering, Alison (1993). "Ter Borch's Ladies in Satin". Art History. 16: 101–102. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8365.1993.tb00514.x.
  6. ^ Gesina ter Borch Archived 2020-03-18 at the Wayback Machine at Historici.nl
  7. ^ "Verwerving Gesina ter Borch - Rijksmuseum". Archived from the original on 2024-03-07. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  8. ^ a b "De wonderbaarlijke ontdekking van het enige gesigneerde schilderij van Gesina ter Borch (1631-1690)". Archived from the original on 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
  9. ^ djr (2017-03-20). "Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland". resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2020-03-18. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
  10. ^ a b De Prekel, Inez; Treanor, Virginia. "Family Ties". In Treanor, Virginia; Dam, Frederica (eds.). Unforgettable--Women Artists from Antwerp to Amsterdam, 1600-1750. Veurne, Belgium: Hannibal. p. 109. ISBN 9789493416277.
  11. ^ Eaker, Adam (2024). Gesina ter Borch. Illuminating Women Artists--Renaissance and Baroque. Getty Publications. p. 41. ISBN 9781606069462.
  12. ^ a b Cook, Nichole E. (September 10, 2019). "Gesina ter Borch: Artist, Not Amateur". Art Herstory. Archived from the original on March 23, 2025. Retrieved March 24, 2025.
  13. ^ Slive, Seymour (1995). Dutch Painting, 1600-1800. Yale University Press Pelican History of Art (Revised and expanded ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 161. ISBN 9780300074512.
  14. ^ McGreevy, Nora. "For the First Time in Its 200-Year History, the Rijksmuseum Features Women Artists in 'Gallery of Honour'". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  15. ^ "For the First Time Ever, the Rijksmuseum Will Hang Works by Female Dutch Masters in Its Most Prestigious Gallery". Artnet News. 11 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  16. ^ Honig, Elizabeth Alice (2001). "The Art of Being "Artistic": Dutch Women's Creative Practices in the 17th Century". Woman's Art Journal. 22 (2): 31–39. doi:10.2307/1358900. JSTOR 1358900. Archived from the original on 2023-02-14. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
  17. ^ "Rijksmuseum Acquires Sole Signed Painting by Gesina ter Borch at TEFAF". Rijksmuseum.nl. March 7, 2024. Retrieved December 1, 2025.
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