Heinrich Wilhelm von Struve

Heinrich Wilhelm von[a] Struve (Russian: Генрих Васильевич Струве, romanized: Genrikh Vasilyevich Struve; 10 July 1822 – 28 March 1908) was a Russian chemist of Baltic German descent.[1][2] He was from the Struve family and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[3]

Early life

Struve was born in 1822 in Dorpat in the Russian Empire (present-day Estonia). His father was the Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (1793–1864), of German origin. Bernhard Wilhelm Struve (1827–1889), the governor of Astrakhan and Perm, was his brother. The German mathematician and pedagogue Jacob Struve (1755–1841) was his grandfather.

Career

In 1845, he graduated from the Imperial University of Dorpat and continued working there in the field of chemistry until 1849. In 1846, via arrangement by his father Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, Genrikh spent a month visiting Jöns Jacob Berzelius who was impressed with both the father and his son.[4]

In 1849, Struve moved to the Mineralogy Department in Saint Petersburg and worked there until 1867. In 1867, he became a criminal medicine expert in Tiflis.[4][5][6] There, he used not only chemical, but also early photographical (1885) methods for criminal analysis.[7] He had also participated in the chemical analysis of mineral springs of the area, in particular of the Matsesta spring in Sochi in 1886.[8]

Struve married Pauline Fuss, a great-granddaughter of Leonhard Euler.[9][10]

Struve's scientific work was mostly related to inorganic and analytical chemistry. In 1853, he published first in Russia tables for evaluating chemical analyses. The same year, he suggested use of ammonium molybdate for detection of arsenic in criminal medicine and in mineral analysis, such as indicating traces of arsenic in antimony. He also synthesized a range of double salts of potassium, sodium, chromium, iron, aluminium, molybdenum and tungsten. In 1876, Struve became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[5][11]

Notes

  1. ^ Regarding personal names: von was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as . Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (Graf Helmuth James von Moltke). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (von, zu, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (Helmuth James Graf von Moltke). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting.

References

  1. ^ Batten, A. H. (6 December 2012). Resolute and Undertaking Characters: The Lives of Wilhelm and Otto Struve. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 255. ISBN 978-94-009-2883-1.
  2. ^ Möller, Detlev (23 December 2010). Chemistry of the Climate System. Walter de Gruyter. p. 607. ISBN 978-3-11-022835-9.
  3. ^ List of RAN members, official site of Russian Academy of Sciences
  4. ^ a b Alan Henry Batten (1988). Resolute and undertaking characters: the lives of Wilhelm and Otto Struve. Springer. p. 98. ISBN 90-277-2652-3.
  5. ^ a b Струве Deprecated link archived 2011-08-27 at archive.today in Большая Энциклопедия (Great encyclopedia), Soyuzkniga
  6. ^ V. K. Abalkin et al. Struve dynasty Archived May 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian), St. Petersburg University
  7. ^ Из истории использования исследовательской фотографии в криминалистических целях (in Russian)
  8. ^ History of Matsesta Spring Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  9. ^ Генрих Оттен. Лавина жизни Archived 2008-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Argumenty i Fakty (in Russian)
  10. ^ Pauline Fuss was the daughter of mathematician Paul Heinrich von Fuss (1798-1855), who was the son of Nicolas Fuss (1755-1826) and his wife Albertine Benedikte Philippine Luise Euler (1766-1822). Albertine Euler was the daughter of Leonhard Euler's eldest son Johann Albrecht Euler (1734-1800) and his wife Anna Sophie Charlotte Hagemeister.
  11. ^ Струве Генрих Васильевич (Генрих Вильгельм) (in Russian)


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