General Tinio

General Tinio, officially the Municipality of General Tinio (Tagalog: Bayan ng Heneral Tinio, Ilocano: Ili ti Heneral Tinio), is a first-class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,093 people.^[5] It was known as Papaya until 1957.

The town is at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountains, adjoining the Fort Magsaysay Army Reservation on the northeastern side.

According to the story passed on through generations, the town got its name because of a miscommunication between the natives and the Spanish colonizers. A native settler, when asked by a Spanish soldier, "Llama el pueblo?"(“what is the name of this town?”) replied, not understanding the Spanish language, "Papaya," referring to the particular fruit tree growing abundantly in the place. The name stuck with the Spanish colonizers, and the place from then on was called "Papaya."

Papaya was a sitio of Bo. Mapisong, which was then a barrio of Gapan. Bo. Mapisong became a town in 1851, changing its name to Peñaranda after Spanish engineer Jose Maria Peñaranda. Papaya became one of its barangays. Papaya became a town on January 1, 1921, through the collaborative efforts of Capitan Mamerto Padolina, who was then the Secretary of the Governor of the Province, Judge Segundo Bernardo, and Francisco Padolina.

Congressman Celestino Juan sponsored a congressional act changing the name of Papaya to General Tinio in honor of General Manuel Tinio, a revolutionary leader against the Spaniards who hailed from Nueva Ecija. The act was signed into law on June 20, 1957, as Republic Act No. 1665.^[6] The new name of the town was inaugurated days later, on August 19, 1957.

General Tinio is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Poverty incidence of General Tinio

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority^{[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]}

Farming is the livelihood of the majority of the residents. Even though the municipality is located at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range, the topography is generally ideal for agricultural products such as palay and vegetables. A number of poultry broiler contract growers are also located in the municipality. Other industries include furniture and fixtures, backyard poultry, cattle and livestock, vegetable production, and minor agricultural livelihoods such as duck raising.

The remittances of numerous sons and daughters of Papaya abroad also help keep the economy of the town afloat. Papayanos can be relied to answer calls of assistance for the town's development.

Minalungao National Park is also one of the biggest attractions in the town, catering to numerous visitors each day.

The following have led the town from its birth in 1921 to what it had become today.^[20]

The Gen. Tinio Schools District Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public educational institutions ranging from primary to secondary schools.^[21]

• St. Anthony Center of Science and Technology
• Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) General Tinio Papaya Off NEUST- GTP

Roman Catholic is the most prevalent religion, with Iglesia ni Cristo, IEMELIF, Baptist, Methodist, and others attracting its own followers. The town's patron saint, the Santo Cristo or the Holy Cross is feted every May.

The town is best known for having the most number of brass bands in the Philippines with 15 organized bands. The Family Band has won national brass band competition titles in categories including majorette exhibitions, solo flute, solo clarinet, solo trumpet, and French horn.

The town also has other places of interest, notably the Minalungao National Park, which is a favorite swimming destination in the summer, especially during Black Saturday when it is usually filled with local bathers and visitors. Minalungao, literally meaning "mine of gold in a cave", houses several caves which can explored. The river also has a portion where a stone ledge located about 15 meters high from the river can be used as spring board.

A Papaya Festival is also commonly celebrated, coinciding with the municipality's Foundation Anniversary. Parades of different school students around the town would wear colourful costumes inspired by the fruit, which was the area's name prior to the change in 1957.

• Town hall
• Sports center
• Old Santo Cristo Parish Church
• New Holy Cross Parish Church
• Public market
• Cory Aquino memorial
• Minalungao National Park
• The Upper Tabuating Dam at Brgy. Nazareth

• List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines

• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information