Gao Feng (Wentong)
Gao Feng (Chinese: 高鳳, fl. 76),[1]: 345 courtesy name Wentong (Chinese: 文通),[2] was a Chinese Eastern Han dynasty era scholar and recluse known for his focus on study, righteousness and acceptance of poverty and low status.[1]: 149
He was one of 26 recluses recorded in the Book of the Later Han by Fan Ye,[3] whose father, Marquis Fan Tai, while generally critical of the extremes involved in eremitism, admired Gao's devotion to his principles and acceptance of poverty.[2][1]: 286
Life
Gao Feng was born to a peasant farming family in Nanyang,[2][4] but was studious even when young.[2] Later he moved to Mount Xitang (Chinese: 西唐山),[3] about 30 km from present day Tanghe County,[5] where had a school[2] and hundreds of disciples.[3]
Fan Ye tells that his focus on study was so strong that when he was asked by his wife to watch after drying wheat, he agreed but was so engrossed in his reading that rain washed the wheat away.[1][3] This story inspired the yojijukugo kōhōhyōbaku (高鳳漂麦) meaning to work on one's studies wholeheartedly.[6] In another episode he solved a feud between neighbors[2][3] by kowtowing.[7]
His wife took care of the practical matters of family life,[3] like working the fields and drying the grains,[4] although Cheng Tan Soon writes that the wheat episode shows that "there existed a real partnership between them inside the domestic household".[3]
He strongly avoided taking an office by claiming that his family members had been shamans, that he was involved in a land dispute with a widow. When Emperor Zhang in 80 CE called for recommendations of men of direct speech,[1]: 148–149 he was recommended by Court Architect Ren Wei but after arriving at the capital Gao claimed illness, returned home and fled into seclusion giving his possessions away to a nephew.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e Vervoorn, Aat Emile (1990). Men of the Cliffs and Caves: The Development of the Chinese Eremitic Tradition to the End of the Han Dynasty. Chinese University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g de Crespigny, Rafe (2006). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD). Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 4 China. Vol. 19. Brill. p. 241. ISBN 978-90-47-41184-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cheng, Tan Soon (1992). "The Wives of the Han Recluses". Monumenta Serica. 40: 1–32.
- ^ a b Elias, Hajni (2020). "Women's role in the production and sale of alcohol in Han China as reflected in tomb art from Sichuan". Early China. 43: 247–284.
- ^ "西唐山". 『中國古今地名大辭典』データベース：睡人亭. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
- ^ "高鳳漂麦とは". 四字熟語辞典オンライン (in Japanese). ジテンオン. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
- ^ 范曄 (Fan Ye). 後漢書 (Book of the Later Han) (in Literary Chinese).