Front of Patriotic and National Parties
| Front of Patriotic and National Parties جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | Musa al-Sadr Nabih Berri Kamal Chatila |
| Dates of operation | 1976 – 1982 |
| Groups | Amal Movement SSNP-L (pro-Syrian faction) Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Lebanon (pro-Syrian faction) Union of Working People's Forces Razkari Party |
| Headquarters | West Beirut |
| Active regions | West Beirut, Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon |
| Allies | Syria PNSF Marada Brigade Arab Democratic Party Lebanese National Movement (from 1978) |
| Opponents | Lebanese Front South Lebanon Army Lebanese National Movement (until 1978) Palestine Liberation Organization Lebanese Armed Forces Israel |
| Battles and wars | Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) |
| Part of a series on the |
| Amal Movement |
|---|
The Front of Patriotic and National Parties – FPNP (Arabic: جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | Jabhat al-Ahzab al-Wataniyya wal-Qawmiyya) was a Syrian-backed coalition of Lebanese Political parties and militias formed in the late 1970s.
Origins
It was formed in late March 1976 at West Beirut by breakaway sections of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), which included the pro-Syrian factions of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Lebanon; As well as the Shia Amal Movement led by Musa al-Sadr, the Union of Working People's Forces (UWPF)[1][2] led by Kamal Chatila, and the Kurdish Razkari Party. The FPNP supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon.[3][4]
Decline and demise
The alliance lasted until mid-1982, when it collapsed together with their LNM rival in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
See also
Notes
References
- Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. ISBN 0-333-72975-7
- Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. ISBN 0 86187 123 5 – [1]
- Itamar Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). ISBN 978-0-8014-9313-3, 0-8014-9313-7 – [2]
- Lucien Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre, VegaPress, 1988. ISBN 9782906480049 (in French) – [3]
- Naomi Joy Weinberger, Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986. ISBN 978-0195040104, 0195040104
- Tom Najem and Roy C. Amore, Historical Dictionary of Lebanon, Second Edition, Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Boulder, New York & London 2021. ISBN 9781538120439, 1538120437