Fred R. Zimmerman
Fred R. Zimmerman | |
|---|---|
| 25th Governor of Wisconsin | |
| In office January 3, 1927 – January 7, 1929 | |
| Lieutenant | Henry A. Huber |
| Preceded by | John J. Blaine |
| Succeeded by | Walter J. Kohler Sr. |
| 22nd & 24th Secretary of State of Wisconsin | |
| In office January 2, 1939 – December 14, 1954 | |
| Governor | Julius Heil Walter Goodland Oscar Rennebohm Walter Kohler Jr. |
| Preceded by | Theodore Dammann |
| Succeeded by | Louis Allis |
| In office January 1, 1923 – January 3, 1927 | |
| Governor | John J. Blaine |
| Preceded by | Elmer S. Hall |
| Succeeded by | Theodore Dammann |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from the Milwaukee 8th district | |
| In office January 1, 1909 – January 1, 1911 | |
| Preceded by | Simon Kander |
| Succeeded by | James H. Vint |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frederick Rudolph Zimmerman[1][2] November 20, 1880 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | December 14, 1954 (aged 74) Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee |
| Party | Republican |
| Spouse |
Amanda Freedy (m. 1904–1954) |
| Children |
|
Frederick Rudolph Zimmerman[a] (November 20, 1880 – December 14, 1954) was a German American public administrator and Republican politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served as the 25th governor of Wisconsin (1927–1929), but was defeated in the 1928 Republican primary, trying to straddle both sides in the decades-long intra-party struggle between progressive and stalwart Republicans. Before and after serving as governor, Zimmerman also served as Wisconsin Secretary of State—serving a total of eighteen years in that office (1923–1927; 1939–1954). He also served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly.[3]
His son, Robert C. Zimmerman, also served as Wisconsin Secretary of State from 1957 until 1975.
Background and early career
Zimmerman was born in Milwaukee, son of Charles E. Zimmerman and Augusta Fiesenhauser Zimmerman. He was a grandson of German-American Forty-Eighters. His father was born in New York state and came to Milwaukee in 1875. His mother was born in Wisconsin of parents who were natives of Stuttgart. Zimmerman's father, a molder, died when he was 5 and at an early age he began contributing to the support of his family by selling newspapers. After completing grammar school, he attended night school briefly, and held various jobs until he was 22, when he started the Bee Hive Dairy, distributing milk to Milwaukee residents. He left this job, after his marriage, to take a position as a traveling salesman with the Pfister & Vogel Leather Company, and also worked as a bookkeeper for a Milwaukee lumber firm.
Elective office
Legislature
Zimmerman was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly by six votes in 1908 in a three-way race, receiving 1703 votes on the Republican ticket to 1697 for Democrat Harry R. McLogan, and 1159 for Socialist Gilbert H. Poor, to represent the 8th Milwaukee County district (8th and 23d wards of the City of Milwaukee).[4] He was an active member of the Progressive faction of his party, but served only one term (1909–1910), losing the 1910 election in a four-way contest to Socialist James H. Vint with 1521 votes, to 1501 for Zimmerman, 143 for McLogan, and 12 for Prohibitionist William H. Trout.[5]
Secretary of State
In 1922, Zimmerman (by then an industrial relations manager for Nash Motors) had moved to the Town of Lake and served two years on the Town Board. He received the Republican nomination and election as Wisconsin Secretary of State in 1922 (with 77.7% of the vote in a four-way race)[6] and re-election in 1924 in a five-way race, earning a then-record 509,771 votes statewide.[7] During this period he remained closely identified with the Progressive faction of the Republican Party.
Governor
When the Progressives refused to endorse him in the gubernatorial election in 1926 (because of his failure to support the 1924 presidential candidacy of Robert M. La Follette Sr.),[8] Zimmerman ran in the Republican primary election as an "independent" against both Progressive (Herman Ekern) and Stalwart (Charles B. Perry) candidates, as well as another "independent". Zimmerman won the Republican nomination and was elected by an absolute majority, outpolling Perry (who came in second, running as an independent), as well as the Democratic, Socialist, Prohibitionist and Socialist Labor candidates combined, with 350,927 votes out of 552,921.[9] In 1928 he was defeated for re-nomination, running a poor third to Stalwart Walter J. Kohler Sr., and Progressive Congressman Joseph D. Beck.[10]
Thereafter he went into a political decline for several years, briefly holding a position in the Beverage Tax Commission in 1936.
Secretary of State once more
Zimmerman was nominated and elected Secretary of State on the Republican ticket in 1938 and served until his death, polling a larger vote at each subsequent election and in 1952 again received the highest total ever given any candidate for any office in the state.
Private life
Zimmerman was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1916, 1920, 1924, 1940, and 1944. He was attacked as a member of America First, but he denied membership therein, although he generally followed isolationist positions. He died in Milwaukee in 1954 just after again winning re-election as Secretary of State.
Electoral history
Wisconsin Assembly (1908, 1910)
| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1908 | General[11] | Nov. 3 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 1,703 | 37.35% | Harry R. McLogan | Dem. | 1,697 | 37.22% | 4,559 | 6 |
| Gilbert H. Poor | Soc.D. | 1,159 | 25.42% | |||||||||
| 1910 | General[12] | Nov. 8 | James H. Vint | Social Dem. | 1,521 | 47.88% | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Rep. | 1,501 | 47.25% | 3,177 | 20 |
| Harry R. McLogan | Dem. | 143 | 4.50% | |||||||||
| William H. Trout | Proh. | 12 | 0.38% | |||||||||
Wisconsin Secretary of State (1922, 1924)
| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | Primary[13] | Sep. 5 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 282,913 | 62.47% | Martin R. Paulson | Rep. | 169,984 | 37.53% | 452,897 | 112,929 |
| General[13] | Nov. 7 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 353,596 | 77.71% | Mathilda Boorman | Soc. | 41,975 | 9.22% | 455,046 | 311,621 | |
| Peter S. Brzonkala | Ind.D. | 40,388 | 8.88% | |||||||||
| Maria I. A. Nelsen | Proh. | 19,000 | 4.18% | |||||||||
| 1924 | Primary[14] | Sep. 2 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 226,476 | 58.55% | Theodore Dammann | Rep. | 70,379 | 18.19% | 386,835 | 156,097 |
| Francis E. Davidson | Rep. | 45,605 | 11.79% | |||||||||
| Guy J. Johnson | Rep. | 44,375 | 11.47% | |||||||||
| General[14] | Nov. 4 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 509,771 | 68.04% | John M. Callahan | Dem. | 174,769 | 23.33% | 749,249 | 335,002 | |
| Ida Fenske | Soc. | 46,606 | 6.22% | |||||||||
| Richard Keoppel | S.Lab. | 10,100 | 1.35% | |||||||||
| Oliver Needham | Proh. | 7,962 | 1.06% | |||||||||
Wisconsin Governor (1926, 1928)
| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926 | Primary[15] | Sep. 7 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 215,546 | 46.77% | Herman Ekern | Rep. | 178,252 | 38.68% | 460,842 | 37,294 |
| Charles B. Perry | Rep. | 41,856 | 9.08% | |||||||||
| W. Stanley Smith | Rep. | 25,188 | 5.47% | |||||||||
| General[15] | Nov. 2 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 350,927 | 63.47% | Charles B. Perry | Ind. | 76,507 | 13.84% | 552,912 | 274,420 | |
| Virgil H. Cady | Dem. | 72,627 | 13.14% | |||||||||
| Herman O. Kent | Soc. | 40,293 | 7.29% | |||||||||
| David W. Emerson | Proh. | 7,333 | 1.33% | |||||||||
| Alex Gorden | S.Lab. | 4,593 | 0.83% | |||||||||
| 1928 | Primary[16] | Sep. 4 | Walter J. Kohler Sr. | Republican | 224,421 | 43.66% | Joseph D. Beck | Rep. | 203,359 | 39.56% | 514,065 | 21,062 |
| Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Rep. | 82,837 | 16.11% | |||||||||
| John E. Ferris | Rep. | 3,448 | 0.67% | |||||||||
Wisconsin Secretary of State (1938–1954)
| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | Primary[17] | Sep. 20 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 152,475 | 74.22% | John L. Wasson | Rep. | 31,326 | 15.25% | 205,423 | 121,149 |
| Lee I. Yorkson | Rep. | 21,622 | 10.53% | |||||||||
| General[17] | Nov. 8 | Fred R. Zimmerman | Republican | 421,044 | 44.79% | Theodore Dammann (inc) | Prog. | 391,150 | 41.61% | 939,986 | 29,894 | |
| William R. Callahan | Dem. | 120,221 | 12.79% | |||||||||
| Bernard Smerlinski | Union | 6,185 | 0.66% | |||||||||
| John J. Stoltenberg | S.Lab. | 1,380 | 0.15% | |||||||||
| 1940 | Primary[18] | Sep. 17 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 272,467 | 76.84% | Bernhard Gettelman | Rep. | 82,100 | 23.16% | 354,567 | 190,367 |
| General[18] | Nov. 5 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 712,267 | 55.74% | Adolph W. Larsen | Prog. | 332,505 | 26.02% | 1,277,763 | 379,762 | |
| Julius G. Seyfert | Dem. | 230,433 | 18.03% | |||||||||
| Arthur Wepfer | S.Lab. | 2,386 | 0.19% | |||||||||
| 1942 | General[19] | Nov. 3 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 434,979 | 58.01% | John H. Kaiser | Prog. | 196,287 | 26.18% | 749,861 | 238,692 |
| Julius G. Seyfert | Dem. | 107,535 | 14.34% | |||||||||
| John O. Van Hazinga | Soc. | 9,434 | 1.26% | |||||||||
| John Stoltenberg | S.Lab. | 1,290 | 0.17% | |||||||||
| 1944 | General[20] | Nov. 7 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 776,430 | 63.38% | Jack E. Joyce Jr. | Dem. | 421,944 | 34.44% | 1,225,061 | 354,486 |
| William J. Kirst | Soc. | 13,898 | 1.13% | |||||||||
| Adelaide Woelfel | Ind. | 12,681 | 1.04% | |||||||||
| 1946 | General[21] | Nov. 5 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 681,659 | 68.04% | John H. Kaiser | Dem. | 307,591 | 30.70% | 1,001,921 | 374,068 |
| William J. Kirst | Soc. | 12,580 | 1.26% | |||||||||
| 1948 | Primary[22] | Sep. 21 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 329,018 | 73.62% | William H. Markham | Rep. | 78,630 | 17.59% | 446,937 | 250,388 |
| Andrew J. Rockne | Rep. | 39,289 | 8.79% | |||||||||
| General[22] | Nov. 2 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 705,040 | 57.32% | Erle J. Stoneman | Dem. | 500,589 | 40.70% | 1,229,960 | 204,451 | |
| George C. Warnecke | Prog. | 12,777 | 1.04% | |||||||||
| Walter G. Benson | Soc. | 11,548 | 0.94% | |||||||||
| 1950 | General[23] | Nov. 7 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 689,356 | 62.36% | Nels M. Justeson | Dem. | 408,790 | 36.98% | 1,105,515 | 280,566 |
| Linton Jahr | Prog. | 3,705 | 0.34% | |||||||||
| Fred Dahir | Soc. | 3,658 | 0.33% | |||||||||
| 1952 | Primary[24] | Sep. 9 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 483,505 | 66.06% | Maurice Wigderson | Rep. | 230,528 | 32.29% | 714,033 | 252,977 |
| General[24] | Nov. 4 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 1,039,317 | 66.06% | Herman Jessen | Dem. | 534,017 | 33.94% | 1,573,395 | 505,300 | |
| 1954 | Primary[25] | Sep. 14 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 208,579 | 58.60% | Joyce M. Larkin | Rep. | 147,341 | 41.40% | 355,920 | 61,238 |
| General[25] | Nov. 2 | Fred R. Zimmerman (inc) | Republican | 631,034 | 55.65% | Marguerite R. Benson | Dem. | 502,910 | 44.35% | 1,133,944 | 128,124 | |
Wisconsin Supreme Court (1945)
| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | General[20] | Apr. 3 | Elmer E. Barlow (inc) | Nonpartisan | 220,145 | 57.75% | Fred R. Zimmerman | Non. | 138,756 | 36.40% | 381,192 | 81,389 |
| Peter F. Leuch | Non. | 22,271 | 5.84% | |||||||||
Notes
- ^ Primary sources of his birth records and WWI draft registration, verified by date of birth, location, and parents' names, give his middle name as "Rudolph".
References
- ^ "Fred Rudolph Zimmerman - Vital - Wisconsin, Births and Christenings, 1826-1926". Family Search. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
- ^ "Fred Rudolph Zimmerman - Military - United States, World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918". Family Search. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
- ^ "Zimmerman, Fred R. 1880 - 1954". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
- ^ Beck, J. D., ed. The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin Madison: Democrat Printing Co., State Printer, 1909; pp. 529, 1130.
- ^ Beck, J. D., Ed. The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin Madison: Democrat Printing Company, State Printer, 1911; p. 347
- ^ The Wisconsin blue book, 1923 Madison: The State Printing Board, 1923; pp. 567, 603
- ^ Holmes, Fred L., ed. The Wisconsin blue book, 1925; Madison: Democrat Printing Company, State Printer, 1925; pp. 484, 566, 640-641
- ^ "POLITICAL NOTES: In Wisconsin", Time Sept. 6, 1926
- ^ Holmes, Fred L., ed. The Wisconsin blue book, 1927. Madison: Democrat Printing Company, State Printer, 1927; pp. 494, 573.
- ^ Anderson, William J.; Anderson, William A., eds. The Wisconsin blue book, 1929 Madison: Democrat Printing Company, State Printer, 1929; p. 736
- ^ Beck, J.D., ed. (1909). "Election Statistics". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). State of Wisconsin. p. 553. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ Beck, J.D., ed. (1911). "Election Statistics". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). State of Wisconsin. p. 347. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b "Election Statistics". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1923 (Report). State of Wisconsin. 1923. pp. 503, 567. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b "Election Statistics". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1925 (Report). State of Wisconsin. 1925. pp. 483, 566. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b "Election Statistics". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1927 (Report). State of Wisconsin. 1927. pp. 494, 573. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ "Election Statistics". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1929 (Report). State of Wisconsin. 1929. p. 736. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Ohm, Howard F.; Bryham, Leone G., eds. (1940). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1940 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 538 608. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Ohm, Howard F.; Bryham, Leone G., eds. (1942). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1942 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 580, 658. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ Ohm, Howard F.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1944). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1944 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 506, 574. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Ohm, Howard F.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1946). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1946 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 592, 666, 682. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ Ohm, Howard F.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1948). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1948 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 601, 672. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Ohm, Howard F.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1950). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1950 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 649, 751. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ Toepel, M. G.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1952). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1952 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 671, 741. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Toepel, M. G.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1954). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1954 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 655, 756. Retrieved March 20, 2026.
- ^ a b Toepel, M. G.; Kuehn, Hazel L., eds. (1956). "Parties and Elections". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1956 (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 703, 746. Retrieved March 20, 2026.