Francis Joseph Campbell

For the British diplomat, see Francis Campbell. For the American politician, see Francis Campbell (politician).
Francis Joseph Campbell
Sir Francis Joseph Campbell and Lady Sarah Faulkner Campbell, from a 1921 publication.
Born(1832-10-09)October 9, 1832
Winchester, Tennessee
DiedJune 30, 1914(1914-06-30) (aged 81)
OccupationTeacher

Sir Francis Joseph Campbell (October 9, 1832 – June 30, 1914[1]) was a British-American anti-slavery campaigner, teacher, and also the co-founder of the Royal National College for the Blind in the United Kingdom.[2]

Early life and education

Campbell was born near Winchester, Tennessee, USA, and lost his sight in 1936 following an accident[3], several sources indicate due to thorns on a tree or bush[4]. In 1844, he became a student at Tennessee Institution for the Instruction of the Blind (now called the Tennessee School for the Blind), the same year the school was founded by Reverend James Champlin[5].

Career

Campbell was appointed teacher of music at the Tennessee School for the Blind in 1850.[3] He later went on to become a music teacher and eventually the musical director at the Wisconsin School for the Blind. He also taught at the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts.[2]

It was while he was teaching at Wisconsin that his anti-slavery views became publicly known and at one point he was given twenty four hours to renounce them or face being hanged. He refused but was spared death because of public sympathy for his blindness.

He would later become a frequent traveller between the United States and the United Kingdom and Europe, and in 1871 helped Thomas Armitage to establish The Royal Normal College and Academy for the Blind near Crystal Palace in London. It was during a visit to London after studying in Berlin that he called on Dr. Armitage with a letter of introduction and was invited to dinner. Over dinner, Campbell told his host about his plans to establish a training college for the blind in the United States, but Armitage urged him to make London its home. The college was founded with two students, and Campbell was its first principal.[6][7] The college continues to the present day, and is now known as the Royal National College for the Blind.

Campbell was also the first blind person to climb Mont Blanc.[8][9] In his later years he became a naturalised Briton and in 1909 was knighted as a Knight Bachelor by King Edward VII.[1][10] He retired as principal of RNC in 1912 and was succeeded by his son, Guy Marshall Campbell.[2]

Legacy

The Francis Joseph Campbell Award is an annual award given by the American Library Association for any person who has made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of library services for the blind. It consists of a citation and a medal.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture".
  2. ^ a b c "A brief history of RNC". Royal National College for the Blind. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
  3. ^ a b Sir Francis Joseph Campbell Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
  4. ^ Latimer, H. Randolph (1936). "The Coming of the Campbells". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 30 (1): 24–29.
  5. ^ Armstrong, John V. (1898). History And Prospectus: Tennessee School For The Blind. Harvard University. p. 45. ISBN 978-1436872966. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ^ Rose, June (1970). Changing Focus - The Development of Blind Welfare in Britain. Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-100490-X.
  7. ^ Thomas, Mary G. Thomas Rhodes Armitage 1824-1890. RNIB publications.
  8. ^ Green, Jerry (1 April 2007). "The Royal Normal College". The Palace Magazine. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  9. ^ Scientific American, "A Blind Man Climbs Mont Blanc". Munn & Company. 1880-11-06. p. 292.
  10. ^ "No. 28275". The London Gazette. 30 July 1909. p. 5805.
  11. ^ "Francis Joseph Campbell Award". American Library Association. Retrieved 15 February 2010.


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