Family of Mao Zedong
| Mao 毛 | |
|---|---|
| Current region | Beijing, China |
| Place of origin | China |
| Founder | Mao Zedong |
The family of Mao Zedong is a prominent political Chinese family. The most well-known member is Mao Zedong, who founded and led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until his death in 1976.
Ancestors
Mao's ancestors were:
- Máo Yíchāng (毛貽昌, born Xiangtan 1870, died Shaoshan 1920), father, courtesy name Máo Shùnshēng (毛順生) or also known as Mao Jen-sheng
- Wén Qīmèi (文七妹, born Xiangxiang 1867, died 1919), mother. She was illiterate and a devout Buddhist. She was a descendant of Wen Tianxiang.
- Máo Ēnpǔ (毛恩普, born 1846, died 1904), paternal grandfather
- Liú (劉/刘, given name not recorded, born 1847, died 1884),[1] paternal grandmother
- Máo Zǔrén (毛祖人), paternal great-grandfather
Wives
Mao had four wives who gave birth to a total of 10 children:
- Luo Yixiu (1889–1910) of Shaoshan: married 1907 to 1910
- Yang Kaihui (1901–1930) of Changsha: married 1920 to 1927, executed by the KMT in 1930; mother to Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong
- He Zizhen (1910–1984) of Jiangxi: married May 1928 to 1937; mother to 6 children
- Jiang Qing (1914–1991), married 1939 until Mao's death; mother to Li Na
Siblings
Mao had several siblings:
- Mao Zemin (1896–1943), younger brother, executed by a warlord
- Mao Zetan (1905–1935), younger brother, executed by the KMT
- Mao Zejian (1905–1929), adopted sister, executed by the KMT
Mao's parents altogether had five sons and two daughters. Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan. Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists. Like Yang Kaihui, both Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime. Note that the character zé (澤) appears in all of the siblings' given names; this is a common Chinese naming convention.
From the next generation, Mao Zemin's son Mao Yuanxin was raised by Mao Zedong's family, and he became Mao Zedong's liaison with the Politburo in 1975. In Li Zhisui's The Private Life of Chairman Mao, Mao Yuanxin played a role in the final power-struggles.[2]
Children
Mao had a total of ten children,[3] including:
- Mao Anying (1922–1950): son to Yang, married to Liú Sīqí (劉思齊), killed in action during the Korean War
- Mao Anqing (1923–2007): son to Yang, married to Shao Hua, son Mao Xinyu, grandson Mao Dongdong
- Mao Anlong (1927–1931): son to Yang, died during the Chinese Civil War
- Mao Anhong: son to He, left to Mao's younger brother Zetan and then to one of Zetan's guards when he went off to war, was never heard of again
- Li Min (b. 1936): daughter to He, married to Kǒng Lìnghuá (孔令華), son Kǒng Jìníng (孔繼寧), daughter Kong Dongmei (孔冬梅)
- Li Na (b. 1940): daughter to Jiang (whose birth surname was Lǐ, a name also used by Mao while evading the KMT), married to Wáng Jǐngqīng (王景清), son Wáng Xiàozhī (王效芝)
Mao's first and second daughters were left to local villagers because it was too dangerous to raise them while fighting the Kuomintang and later the Japanese. Their youngest daughter (born in early 1938 in Moscow after Mao separated) and one other child (born 1933) died in infancy. Two English researchers who retraced the entire Long March route in 2002–2003[4] located a woman whom they believe might well be one of the missing children abandoned by Mao to peasants in 1935. Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen hope a member of the Mao family will respond to requests for a DNA test.[5]
Grandchildren
Through his ten children, Mao became grandfather to twelve grandchildren, many of whom he never knew. He has many great-grandchildren alive today. One of his granddaughters is businesswoman Kong Dongmei, one of the richest people in China.[6] His grandson Mao Xinyu is a general in the Chinese army.[7] Both he and Kong have written books about their grandfather.[8]
References
- ^ Pantsov & Levine 2012, pp. 13.
- ^ Li 1994, p. 659.
- ^ Spence 1999, p. 97.
- ^ "Stepping into history". China Daily. 23 November 2003. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
- ^ Jocelyn, Ed; McEwen, Andrew (2006). The Long March. Constable.
- ^ Kong Dongmei on China's rich list:
- "Kong Dongmei, Granddaughter Of Mao Zedong, Appears On China Rich List". HuffPost. Agence France-Presse. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- Malcolm Moore (9 May 2013). "Mao's granddaughter accused over China rich list". The Daily Telegraph. Beijing. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Mao's grandson, promoted to major general, faces ridicule". Los Angeles Times. 4 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Family Cherish the Chairman". China Internet Information Center. 22 December 2003.
Sources
- Li, Zhisui (1994). The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0679764434.
- Pantsov, Alexander V.; Levine, Steven I. (2012). Mao: The Real Story. New York and London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1451654479.
- Spence, Jonathan (1999). Mao Zedong. Penguin Lives. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0670886692.