Energy Dome (company)

Energy Dome S.p.A. is an Italian company based in Milan that is developing a range of phase-change Carnot battery systems. Their technology is similar to that used in liquid air energy storage systems, but based on carbon dioxide, which cycles between a liquid form in storage containers and gaseous form in sealed inflatable balloon structures in fixed locations.[1][2] The system uses a Rankine-like cycle, in which a water tank is used to store the thermal energy released during gas liquefaction that will later be used to re-heat the liquid gas to ambient temperature and pressure to drive a turbine to generate electricity.[1]

As of 2025, the company has built a demonstration pilot plant in Sardinia.[3] In 2025, they partnered with Google to develop long-term energy storage systems intended to let Google rely on renewable energy to power their data centers.[4]

A theoretical study shows their system to have a volumetric energy density of 0.17 kWh/m3, with an areal energy storage footprint of 235–250 m2/MWh.[5] Another theoretical study shows the system having an estimated round-trip energy efficiency of 77%.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Shamsi, Syed Safeer Mehdi; Barberis, Stefano; Maccarini, Simone; Traverso, Alberto (2024-03-01). "Large scale energy storage systems based on carbon dioxide thermal cycles: A critical review". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 192 114245. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.114245. hdl:11567/1158175. ISSN 1364-0321.
  2. ^ Waltz, Emily (21 December 2025). "CO2 Batteries That Store Grid Energy Take Off Globally - IEEE Spectrum". spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  3. ^ Dewevre, Florent; Lacroix, Clément; Loubar, Khaled; Poncet, Sébastien (2024-04-01). "Carbon dioxide energy storage systems: Current researches and perspectives". Renewable Energy. 224 120030. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.120030. ISSN 0960-1481.
  4. ^ Segal, Mark (2025-07-28). "Google Partners with Energy Dome to Globally Deploy Advanced Clean Energy Storage Tech". ESG Today. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  5. ^ Girelli, Simone; Alfani, Dario; Morosini, Ettore; Astolfi, Marco (2025-11-15). "Optimal design of CO2 Carnot battery technology for long duration energy storage". Energy Conversion and Management. 344 120269. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120269. hdl:11311/1294785. ISSN 0196-8904.


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