Empress Xiaocigao (Qing dynasty)
| Empress Xiaocigao 孝慈高皇后 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress of the Qing dynasty (posthumously) | |||||||||
Wax figure of Empress Xiaocigao | |||||||||
| Born | 1575 | ||||||||
| Died | 31 October 1603 (aged 27–28) | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Issue | Hong Taiji | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Clan | Yehe-Nara (葉赫那拉; by birth) Aisin-Gioro (by marriage) | ||||||||
| Father | Yangginu | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孝慈高皇后 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孝慈高皇后 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||||
| Manchu script | ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ | ||||||||
| Romanization | hiyoošungga gosin dergi hūwangheo | ||||||||
Empress Xiaocigao (1575 – 31 October 1603), of the Yehe-Nara clan, personal name Monggo Jerjer, was a wife of Nurhaci. She was 16 years his junior.
Life
Family background
- Father: Yangginu (楊吉努; d. 1583); held the title of beile (貝勒)
- Grandfather: Taicu (台杵); held the title of beile (貝勒)
- Uncle: Cinggiyanu (清佳砮; d. 1583); held the title of beile (貝勒)
- Two elder brothers
- First elder brother: Narimbulu (納林布祿; d. 1609); held the title of beile (貝勒)
- Second elder brother: Gintaisi (d. 1619); held the title of beile (貝勒)
Wanli era
In October or November 1588, Monggo Jerjer married Nurhaci, becoming one of his many wives. On 28 November 1592, she gave birth to Nurhaci's eighth son, Hong Taiji. She died on 31 October 1603.
Chongde era
After Hong Taiji proclaimed the Qing dynasty in 1636, he posthumously honored his mother as "Empress Xiaociwu".
Kangxi era
In 1662, Monggo Jerjer's posthumous name was changed from "Empress Xiaociwu" to "Empress Xiaocigao", reflecting her status as a wife of Nurhaci (Emperor Gao).
Titles
- During the reign of the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620):
- Lady Yehe-Nara (葉赫那拉氏)
- Consort (福晉; from October/November 1588)[a]
- Great Consort of the Central Chamber (中室大福晉; from unknown date)
- During the reign of Hong Taiji (r. 1626–1643):
- Empress Xiaociwu (孝慈武皇后; from 1636)
- During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
- Empress Xiaocigao (孝慈高皇后; from 1662)
Issue
- Hong Taiji (皇太極; 28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), Nurhaci's eighth son; enthroned on 20 October 1626
In popular culture
- Portrayed by Mak Tsui-han in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1987)
- Portrayed by Shi Xiaoqun in Taizu Mishi (2005)
See also
Notes
- ^ The Jurchens had multiple wives with very little distinction between them, all being addressed by this general term. This was also the case for Nurhaci's wives. It was in later compilations of documents that the women were attributed new titles to differentiate them.
References
- Veritable Records of Manchuria (滿洲實錄) (in Chinese).
- Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions (Reprint ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 052092679X.
- Wan, Yi; Shuqing, Wang; Yanzhen, Lu; Scott, Rosemary E. (1988). Daily Life in the Forbidden City: The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1912 (Illustrated ed.). Viking. ISBN 0670811645.
- Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Vol. 214.