Elizabeth Arnold (scientist)

A. Elizabeth "Betsy" Arnold is an American evolutionary biologist who is a professor of Plant Sciences and Ecology/Evolutionary Biology at University of Arizona ^[1] and curator of the Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium at the University of Arizona.^[2] She researches fungal biology, specifically fungal endophytes, which are fungi that live in plants.^[3] She was elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2021.^[4]

Wiliam A. Arnold, the father of Elizabeth Arnold, was one of the pioneers of photosynthesis. In 1932, with the help of fellow scientist Robert Emerson, they held experiments that helped to establish the concept of light-harvesting antennas connected to a small number of reaction centers. In these experiments, they showed that around 8-10 light quanta are needed in order to produce one oxygen molecule, discovered delayed fluorescence and thermoluminescence in plants, and advanced a solid-state view of photosynthesis. Throughout this process, Wiliam A. Arnold thoroughly documented his research and findings by photographs.^[5]

In 1995, Arnold studied biology at Duke University.^[6][7] Her undergraduate thesis was a study of flower color polymorphism.^[7] Her doctorate was at the University of Arizona, where she investigated fungal ecology, evolution, systematics [1] and endophytes under the guidance of American botanist Lucinda A. McDade.^[7] Arnold then returned to Duke,^[7] where she was awarded a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellowship to work alongside François Lutzoni.^[7][8] After graduating from Duke, she spent a year working in Panama to further her research.^[9] In Panama, her work was focused on the significance of tropical endophytes in tropical trees.^[10] Her research interests include community ecology, evolutionary ecology, mycology, tropical biology, and microbial ecology.^[11] In Panama, she worked at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.^[12] In which her work is currently funded from today.^[13]

In 2005, Arnold was appointed to the faculty at the University of Arizona.^[14] She taught fungal biology to a wide range of people, such as: postdocs, graduate students, undergraduates, K-12 teachers, high school students, and lifelong learners.^[15] In 2015, she started as a curator at the Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium, later getting promoted to professor.^[7] Currently, she is a professor for the School of Plant Sciences and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Arizona.^[16] She continues to research fungal endophytes,^[17] the very small fungi that live within plants without causing disease, uncovering both the remarkable diversity of endophytes and their potential applications in biotechnology.^[18] According to her 2007 study in Ecology, which examines the diversity and ecological functions of fungal endophytes in tropical ecosystems, these fungi are extremely varied and essential to plant resilience and health, especially in tropical leaves, which are hotspots for biodiversity.^[19] Her research has helped improve knowledge about plant and fungi interact actions in tropical settings. Arnold has studied these endophytes in trees, crop plants and shrubs in tropical rainforests and the arctic tundra.^[18] She has also studied^[20] hot desert. In Winter 2021, Arnold was elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.^[21]

Arnold's research addresses fungal ecology, evolution, and systematics, with a particular focus on the diversity and ecological roles of fungal endophytes in plant communities. ^[22] Arnold has been executive editor of Mycologia, and served on various MSA committees^[23] and published over 120 peer-reviewed papers.^[23] She has maintained and developed the Gilbertson Mycologia Herbarium.^[24] Her editorial roles include Executive Editor of Mycologia, Co-editor for the for the Coevolution section in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Associate Editor for the American Journal of Botany, and Subject Editor for Biotropica.^[25]

In 2021, Arnold was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for her contributions to evolutionary biology and fungal ecology.^[4] Arnold has also been a recipient of the International Mycological Association's Arthur Henry Buller Medal (2011). ^[26]

She worked alongside François Lutzoni on the molecular ecology and evolution of endophytes in temperate and boreal biomes at duke university. ^[27]

• 2002 Alwyn Gentry Award^[28]
• 2011 International Mycological Association Arthur Henry Buller Medal^[29]
• 2011 David E. Cox Teaching Award^[30]
• 2012 Mycological Society of America Alexopolous Prize^[18]
• 2013 Staff Award for Excellence^[31]
• 2013 1885 Distinguished Scholar, The University of Arizona [2]
• 2014 Outstanding Seminar Speaker, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Graduate Student Association
• 2016 Mycological Society of America William H. Weston Award^[32]
• 2016 University of Arizona Bart Cardon Fellow^[33]
• 2017 Warren Herb Wagner Lecturer in Plant Evolution, University of Michigan^[34]
• 2021 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science^[35][36]

• Arnold, A. E., Harrington, A. H., Huang, Y.-L., U’Ren, J. M., Massimo, N. C., Knight-Connoni, V., & Inderbitzin, P. (2021). Coniochaeta elegans sp. nov., Coniochaeta montana sp. nov. and Coniochaeta nivea sp. nov., three new species of endophytes with distinctive morphology and functional traits. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 71(11). https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005003
• R J Rodriguez; James Francis White Jr.; A E Arnold; R S Redman (19 February 2009). "Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles". New Phytologist. 182 (2): 314–330. doi:10.1111/J.1469-8137.2009.02773.X. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 19236579. Wikidata Q33411532.
• Timothy Y. James; Frank Kauff; Conrad L. Schoch; et al. (19 October 2006). "Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny". Nature. 443 (7113): 818–822. doi:10.1038/NATURE05110. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17051209. Wikidata Q21972837.
• A Elizabeth Arnold; Luis Carlos Mejía; Damond Kyllo; Enith I Rojas; Zuleyka Maynard; Nancy Robbins; Edward Allen Herre (23 December 2003). "Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (26): 15649–54. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10015649A. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2533483100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 307622. PMID 14671327. Wikidata Q24617213.
• Del Olmo-Ruiz, M., & Arnold, A. E. (2017). Community structure of fern-affiliated endophytes in three neotropical forests^[37]. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 33(1), 60-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467416000535