Election (2005 film)

Election (Chinese: 黑社會; lit. 'Black Society'; a common Cantonese reference to the triads), is a 2005 Hong Kong crime film directed and produced by Johnnie To. Featuring a large ensemble cast, the film stars Simon Yam and Tony Leung Ka-fai as two gang leaders engaged in a power struggle to become the new leader of a Hong Kong triad.

The film premiered as an "Official Selection" at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival,^[2] before being released in Hong Kong on 20 October 2005, with a Category III rating. It received widespread critical praise and was a commercial success. At the 25th Hong Kong Film Awards, the film won in four categories including Best Film and Best Director.

A sequel, Election 2, was released in 2006.

In Hong Kong, the Hongmen-descendant and 50,000-strong triad Wo Lin Shing elects a new chairman every two years. The two leading contenders of the current election, Lok and Big D, carry out some last-minute "campaigning". Lok is calm, patient and even-tempered, while Big D, who attempts to buy the election with bribes, is boisterous, impatient and quick-tempered. After some quarrelling among both candidates' supporters, the triad's elders elect Lok as the new chairman. Big D refuses to honour the result, and instead attempts to obtain the triad's dragonhead baton, the traditional symbol of the chairman's authority, from Whistle, the previous chairman. Whistle orders for the baton to be hidden. Lok also has his supporters search for the baton.

The police step in to prevent infighting and maintain the peace by arresting the triad's key figures, including Whistle, Big D, and Lok, who is handcuffed and taken away in front of his young son. However, due to a lack of incriminating evidence, the triad members can only be temporarily detained. During the arrest, Big D attacks Whistle, causing Whistle to be hit by a car. A grievously injured Whistle indicates intent to testify to the police's anti-triad unit to expose Big D; this extends Big D's detention. Not wanting the triad's crimes to be exposed, Lok has his lawyer convince Whistle to kill himself to ensure Whistle's family's safety. While in custody, the police allow the triad elders to try to broker peace, but Big D threatens to break away from Wo Lin Shing and form a new triad, which would upset triad tradition and bring about much violence; this causes most of the triad to unite against Big D.

Various triad members attempt to retrieve the baton, including Jimmy, whose triad member uncle and boss were both severely injured by Big D for supposedly costing him the election. After some intercepting and fighting between triad members, Jimmy ultimately acquires the baton, and gives it to Lok after Lok states that he can improve the triad's earnings. Lok rewards those who assisted him in obtaining the baton (Big Head, Jet, Jimmy, Kun, and Mr. So) with privileges of becoming his godsons. Big D is released on bail after it is paid by Lok. Using the baton, Lok secures his position as the triad's new chairman and offers a deal to Big D. If Big D accepts Lok as chairman, they will take over the lucrative Tsim Sha Tsui area together, Lok will protect Big D's businesses and support Big D for chairmanship at the next election in two years; Big D accepts. The high-ranking triad members, including Lok and Big D, pledge loyalty to each other and the triad during Lok's swearing-in ceremony.

When a rival triad boss offers Big D the chance to improve his earnings on the condition that Big D betray Lok, Big D reacts by calling Lok in for an apparent ambush. This is a double cross; Lok and Big D trap and murder the rival triad boss. Eventually, Lok and Big D successfully take over Tsim Sha Tsui. During a fishing trip, Big D expresses interest in becoming a co-chairman of the triad along with Lok, pointing out that other triads have such arrangements. Lok responds that this is not their triad's tradition, but Big D does not change his mind. Lok feigns supporting Big D's idea, then murders Big D with a rock; this is witnessed by Lok's son and Big D's wife. She tries to flee, but Lok strangles her to death. Lok buries Big D and his wife and leaves the scene with his shaken son.

Election was sold to more than 21 territories, including Optimum Releasing for the United Kingdom, ARP Sélection for France and Hopscotch Films for Australia, after screening at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition. Tartan Films has acquired all United States rights to this movie as of May 2006.

According to To, he had no intention of making a version of this film for mainland China. The production company made an altered version anyway, titled Longcheng Suiyue (Chinese: 龙城岁月; pinyin: Lóngchéng Suìyuè; lit. 'Times at Dragon Town'). According to Hilary He, this version has "ten major cuts or changes".^[3] An undercover law enforcement agent is added in this version, while the scene revealing that a mafia member was being used by the PRC Central Government as a mole was omitted. One scene erases a mention of the birth tourism in Hong Kong, where mainland Chinese parents give birth in Hong Kong so their children become Hong Kong permanent residents.^[4] In this version all of the criminals face arrest and there is a scene where elders give lessons to youth about avoiding the mob.^[3]

At the end of its box-office run in Hong Kong, Election grossed about HK$15.59 million, which is considered to be quite high for a film that received a Category III rating (18+ restriction) in Hong Kong.

The A.V. Club's Ignatiy Vishnevetsky writes, "[Johnnie] To's saga makes plain that self-interest, far more than traditional ideas about honor, defines contemporary crooks. While that's hardly an astonishing revelation, the writer-director deftly generates suspense (as well as sly comedy) from a mood of all-consuming untrustworthiness. [...] Thrilling and amusing in equally dark measure, it's an incisive portrait of a dysfunctional family-style organization struggling to update its sordid operation in an age of unchecked capitalist greed."^[5]

In 2025, the film was showcased in the section 'Decisive Moments in Asian Cinema' at the 30th Busan International Film Festival, as part of the special "Asian Cinema 100", being the signature work of the director Johnnie To.^[6]

Less than a year after Election's premiere, a sequel (also directed by To) was released. Election 2 (also known as Triad Election) likewise proved a commercial and critical success, and was nominated for five Hong Kong Film Awards.

• Johnnie To filmography
• List of Hong Kong films
• List of movies set in Hong Kong

• Election at LoveHKFilm.com
• Election at IMDb
• Election at Rotten Tomatoes